• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences between the severity of punishments for traffic laws related offenders and the choice of policy measures with a view to reducing traffic accidents. To this end, government data on the drivers given a sentence of license suspension or revocation were collected and analyzed in terms of sex, age, type of driver's license, driving career, number of traffic laws violations, and number of traffic accidents generated. The statistics of analysis of covariance and tests of significance were used and conducted to compare the effectiveness of punishment for the penalty and the incentive groups. The results showed that the incentive policy measure on the drivers who violate traffic regulations repeatedly is more effective to reduce the number of traffic offenders and traffic accidents.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2018

In this paper, we analyze the waiting time of a queueing system with D-BMAP (discrete-time batch Markovian arrival process) and D-policy. Customer group or packets arrives at the system according to discrete-time Markovian arrival process, and an idle single server becomes busy when the total service time of waiting customer group exceeds the predetermined workload threshold D. Once the server starts busy period, the server provides service until there is no customer in the system. The steady-state waiting time distribution is derived in the form of a generating function. Mean waiting time is derived as a performance measure. Simulation is also performed for the purpose of verification and validation. Two simple numerical examples are shown.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

This paper empirically studies the effect of public procurement on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Korea using firm-level data. Public procurement, the purchase of goods and services from private firms by the public sector, is regarded as an important policy measure for providing support to firms, particularly SMEs. This study uses establishment-level panel data of the mining and manufacturing sectors from the Korean National Bureau of Statistics (Statistics Korea) and procurement history from the Korean Public Procurement Service to empirically estimate the effects of public procurement on firms' productivity (total factor productivity) and survivability. Using a propensity score matching estimation method, we find that participating firms showed higher productivity than non-participating ones in the control group only for the year of participation, that is, 2009. After two years, in 2011, they exhibited significantly lower productivity. In contrast, establishments that participated in public procurement for SMEs in 2009 were more likely to survive than those that did not do so in 2011. These results can be interpreted as the negative consequences of government intervention. The market's efficiency enhancement is hindered if underserving companies survive owing to government intervention but fail to improve efficiency.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2014

Sustainable development has always been the top agenda of many governments. Especially, the concept of 'Ecological Civilisation (EC)' is gaining substantial attention from China's new leaders. However, regional government officers may manipulate or change top level policy in order to suit their own interests or if they are unable to meet the varied pressures of achieving the set measures. Thus, policy makers can unwittingly cause a negative or positive impact on the firms or regional development through the implementation of EC regulations and the requirement to measure, monitor and report performance measurement (PM) information. This can potentially have significant consequences for the firms, the industry sector, and China as a whole. The aim of this research is to explore and evaluate previous work focusing on the relationship and links between regulation and PM. This research will make a significant knowledge contribution to the emerging and yet important area in EC related research. A good understanding of the linkages between PM and EC will assist policy makers to better formulate suitable regulatory control mechanisms at the field level. Moreover, they may take the PM and EC linkages into consideration when setting policy frameworks by minimizing the negative effects and take advantages of the positive consequences.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the healthcare status of South Korea and other member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) using OECD health statistics 2020. We employed the position value for relative comparison index to measure the healthcare status in five following components: demand, supply, accessibility, quality, and cost. The Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze for increasing or decreasing trend of the position value for relative comparison values from 2000 to the recent year. Results showed that Korea was positioned above than the OECD median values in most of components, but lower than the median values in certain indices including healthcare employment, primary care, and mental health care. This study sheds some light on healthcare issues to be improved and the policy-makes can take into account for prior setting process.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2022

This study aims to compare the healthcare status of South Korea and other member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) using the OECD health statistics 2021. We used the position value for relative comparison (PARC) index to measure the five elements of the healthcare system, demand, supply, accessibility, quality, and cost. For the statistical analysis, Mann-Kendall test was performed to examine the trend of the PARC values from 2000 to the most recent year. The results showed that supply, demand, accessibility, and quality were above median than the OECD median and the cost was below median. In sectors such as primary care, health employment and mental health care were below median average. With these result, necessary steps for a sustainable healthcare should be taken into effort by policy makers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affected by the ICT utilization with perspectives of employees (Study 1) and customers (Study 2) that are rarely approached in previous studies. In particular, this study examined how proposed factors on ICT utilization affect employee satisfaction, organization performance, customer satisfaction, and purchasing decision making. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted an online survey to measure the effects. Cronbach's alpha was applied to test reliability and factor analysis was applied to check validity. Multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were applied to test hypotheses. Results: The results of this study found that the effects of self-development and organizational innovation on employee satisfaction were significant for study 1, while the effects of product satisfaction, promotional offers, and customer communication on purchase decision making were significant for study 2. Conclusions:This study provides managerial and policy implications. At the management level, it is necessary to make specific strategies to improve employee and customer satisfaction and organization performance associated with the utilization of ICT. The results of this study suggest that better policy should be prepared by government to foster utilization of ICT infrastructure and to enhance better relationships with employees and customers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify individual and institutional factors associated with the prescription of systemic steroids in patients with acute respiratory infections and to investigate the role of a policy measure aimed to reduce inappropriate prescriptions. Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2006 to 2015 and focused on episodes of acute respiratory infection. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify individual-level and institution-level factors associated with the prescription of systemic steroids. In addition, steroid prescription rates were compared with antibiotic prescription rates to assess their serial trends in relation to Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation policy. Results: Among a total of 9 460 552 episodes of respiratory infection, the steroid prescription rate was 6.8%. Defined daily doses/1000 persons/d of steroid increased gradually until 2009, but rose sharply since 2010. The steroid prescription rate was higher among ear, nose and throat specialties (13.0%) than other specialties, and in hospitals (8.0%) than in tertiary hospitals (3.0%) and other types of institutions. Following a prolonged reduction in the steroid prescription rate, this rate increased since the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation dropped steroids from its list of evaluation items in 2009. Such a trend reversal was not observed for the prescription rate of antibiotics, which continue to be on the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation list. Conclusions: Specialty and type of institution are important correlates of steroid prescriptions in cases of acute respiratory infection. Steroid prescriptions can also be influenced by policy measures, such as the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation policy.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.551-566
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• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the industrial cluster policy implemented in Korea during the last decade or so, examine whether it can still be a valid policy measure in the creative economy regime, and propose policy directions for the future. It is evaluated that the cluster policy has contributed to increasing productivity by improving networks between companies, universities and research centers and thus strengthening innovation infrastructure. The policy, however, by its characteristics of government-domination, failed to develop open-ended and flexible spontaneous clusters. Industrial clusters have the capability to contribute to the virtuous circle of creative economy by enhancing creativity and innovativeness, and subsequently by increasing value-added. In order to maximize these positive effects, a few suggestions are made, including being faithful to the very nature of clusters, e.g. geographical proximity and connectedness, intending clusters with creativity well maintained, orienting toward multi-scalar clusters with a mixture of local and global perspectives, and matching regional and industrial policies with regards to clusters.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.291-300
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• 2019

This study investigates the characteristics of evaluation measures for classification models on a binary response variable in order to evaluate their suitability for use. Six measures are considered: Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, F-measure, and the Heidke's skill score (HSS). Evaluation measures are reformulated using x(ratio of actually 1), y(ratio predicted by 1), z(ratio of both actual and predicted by 1) from the confusion matrix. We suggest two necessary conditions to assess the suitability of the evaluation measures. The first condition is that the measure function is constant for x and y in the case of a random model. The second condition is that the measure function is increasing for z and decreasing for x and y. Since only HSS satisfies the two conditions, that is always appropriate as an evaluation measure for the classification model on the binary response variable, and the other measures should be used within a limited range.