• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.324-335
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze determinants of welfare attitudes toward healthcare services in South Korea, using three main theories: self-interest (positive welfare attitudes if the policy fulfills people's personal interests), symbolic attitudes (positive welfare attitudes if the person is politically progressive or egalitarian), and sociotropic perception (positive welfare attitudes if the person experienced positive aggregated collective experiences of societal events and trends regarding the policy). Although the definition of the welfare attitude is rather ambiguous in literatures, in this investigation, we operationalize the concept as the 'willingness to pay higher taxes to improve the level of health care services for all people in Korea' which shows individuals' actional propensity. Methods: We used the health module from the International Social Survey Program 2011 for the analysis (N= 1,391). Five logistic regression models were built successively using two variables for each theory to measure key concepts of self-interest, symbolic attitudes, and sociotropic perceptions as independent variables. Results: The result showed self-interest and symbolic attitudes factors to be strong determinants of welfare attitudes towards healthcare services in South Korea, whereas sociotropic perception factors have inconsistent effects. Conclusion: For a more politically elaborated healthcare reform in South Korea and elsewhere, there needs to be further research on various dimensions and determinants of welfare attitudes to understand popular basis of welfare expansion, especially in the era of inequality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-116
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• 2005

When people contact the government they can use a variety of channels. That is, they go in person to an office, use a telephone service, access information via the Internet, send a letter, or use a third party. Since the Australian Government first recognised the potential of online technology to improve service delivery in its 1997 Investing for Growth statement, it has articulated its policies and strategies for e-government in a number of papers. E-government involves government agencies delivering better programs and services online through the use of new information and communication technologies. The policy papers included Government Online-The Commonwealth's Strategy, launched in April 2000, and a new framework for e-government, Better Services. Better Government, launched in November 2002. Most recently, the Government released Australia's Strategic Framework for the Information Economy in July 2004. These papers outlined the broad directions and priorities for the future of e-government in Australia, and sought to maintain the momentum of agencies' actions under Government Online. One of its key objectives was for agencies to achieve greater efficiency in providing services and a return on their investments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based service delivery. They also stated that investing in e-government should deliver tangible returns, whether they take the form of cost reductions, increased efficiency and productivity, or improved services to business and the broader community Implementation of the Government policy has led to considerable agency investment in ICT-based service delivery. However government policy also requires managers to ensure that program and service delivery is efficient and effective. Efficient and effective use of ICT has the potential to improve service delivery and to make financial savings. This paper outlines how people are using the channels to contact the government in Australia. It also examines the level of satisfaction they have with those services and their preferences and expectations. In addition, this paper aims at identifying the methods used by Australian Government to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their delivery of services, and at assessing the adequacy of these methods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.509-546
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• 2010

Although coal has been utilized as major fuel, it is known as 'most climate unfriendly' fuel. Carbon tax or tradable permit policy has been discussed as major measure for reducing production and consumption of coal, but it might be more efficient to remove subsidy on coal production and consumption. This study examines economic and environmental effects of recycling revenue from reducing subsidy on the use of coal to foster climate friendly fuel (ligneous biomass) by price subsidy or increased public expenditure. A static CGE model was applied to analyze the welfare consequences and economic impacts of two policy measures. The result shows that price subsidy policy is more desirable than creation of public demand in terms of welfare as well as overall economic impacts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

Many primary schools that have been an important role in the community at the same time local important facility not only local area but also all area in Korea have shown a situation for closing and into grating a school because of a social and political measure. The education policy for man power training and closing policy for small scale school not more than 100 students can't role in the rural development policy, coming farming and fishing villages. The reasons for thinking some application paradigm and closing schools have been important role in the point of education and culture parts. Of course, the application paradigm for closing school facility will get accomplished for a mood of local residents and a point of cultural deference, not keeping up unconditionally for closing a school. For accomplishing versatile purposes, initiative role of the organs of local education is very important. The organs of local education have an application paradigm that closing schools are the facilities for local organs of education will plan some specific facility to be matched for local special quality and connection quality of surrounding facility and environment. Before an application paradigm of closing school, it is very important that a fundamental factor for negligence the facility will be solved. Eventually, the organs of education have a plan for technical study of this paradigm and consider keeping and mending of closing facility, rent the facility for payment or not they want, and confer money problem not an unconditional scale.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.106-131
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• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2019

Energy demand forecast which serves as an essential input in energy policy is exposed to multiple factors of uncertainty such as GDP and weather forecast uncertainty. The Master Plan of Electricity Market in Korea which is biennially prepared is critically based on fluctuating energy demand forecast whereas its resulting proposal on electricity generation mix is substantially irreversible. The paper provides a real options model to evaluate energy transition policy by considering Knightian uncertainty as a measure to study multiple uncertainties with multiple set of probability distributions. Our finding is that the current energy transition policy under the master plan is not robust in terms of securing stable management of electricity demand and supply system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1502-1520
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• 2021

This paper attempts to investigate Korean youth Not in Education, Employment and Training (NEET) and how daily activities and community participation may influence their positive emotions and job search desire. First, we conducted a focus group interview with 16 NEETs who participated in the Kakao NEET Company project. The project allowed participants to experience employment by founding a virtual company in which each participant selected a daily activity to perform as part of the company's operations. Second, the interview responses were categorized and assigned emotional values using the card sorting technique and multi-dimensional analysis (MDS). A total of 11 emotional values were derived through this process. Finally, a social network analysis was conducted in order to measure the density of relations among the emotional values. Results suggest that immersion, confidence, belongingness were the three highest values evaluated by participants. Furthermore, network diagrams imply that the stronger participants perceived social support and belongingness with others, the stronger their responsibility grew, further leading them to establish steady goals. In particular, the high eigenvector score for "desire for job" suggests that emotional values are sequentially connected to the immersion-social support-responsibility-goal-job desire. This sequence suggests that digital services that are developed with the aim to enhance social values such as the Kakao NEET Project may engender motivation and confidence in youth NEETs. The overall results suggest that a systematic approach to policymaking should be considered in order to provide fundamental solutions and expand opportunities for social participation and emotional comfort, as social isolation due to low self-esteem has been reported as one of the reasons for NEETs' failure in the labor market.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in public health-related perceptions of residents of Gangwon province after the outbreak of Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) of the public. Methods: We performed paired T-test analysis to measure the change in public health-related perceptions before and after COVID-19. We also utilized generalized estimating equations to identify demographic factors correlated with public health-related perceptions. Results: The public perceived public health as 'All citizens can use medical care and protect/promote health.' The concept was the most popular, from 94.3% in 2019 to 95.5% in 2020. In addition, after COVID-19, residents of Gangwon province's satisfaction with medical services increased, but the overall level was not high. Among the eight essential healthcare needs after COVID-19, cardiovascular disease and injury services have emerged as preferred services. However, by sociodemographic factors, distinctive responses were detected. Conclusions: Through COVID-19, Gangwon residents' awareness of the public's health rights has increased. Those living in vulnerable areas or with unmet medical care, supported strengthening public health care. In addition, although medical satisfaction has increased, it is not satisfied, so listening to the voices of the population group with low satisfaction is essential. Lastly, since the necessity of essential health care may change due to specific events, the local government needs to plan health projects reflecting the needs of residents. Therefore, when designing the public health care strategy in Gangwon province, the local government should consider not only political factors but also environmental factors, demographic and conceptual factors.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.105-148
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• 2023

This paper provides a new method of measuring the degree of technological progress which contributes to real economic growth based on Schumpeter's Trilogy. Using Microdata of Statistics Korea, the results of measuring and comparing the actual growth contribution of technological progress during the period 2003-2018 by the total factor productivity growth rate(growth accounting method), the R&D investment contribution rate, and the Schumpeterian innovation growth rate, respectively are as follows. First, the measurement of the real growth contribution of technological progress by the growth rate of total factor productivity and the growth rate of Schumpeterian innovation shows contradictory results. Second, when the growth rate of production is in a decreasing trend, the difference between the growth rate of production and the growth rate of total factor productivity increases compared to when it is in an increasing trend. Conversely, when there is an increasing trend, the difference between the growth rate of production and the growth rate of total factor productivity becomes smaller compared to when it is in a decreasing trend.. Third, the technological opportunity that affects the innovation growth rate, i.e., the contribution of R&D incentives to innovative growth is only 3.3%. The reason why this result is different from the existing perception of the contribution of technological progress to growth is that different entities are being measured while measuring the same term of technological progress. Therefore, the growth rate of total factor productivity should be used to measure macroeconomic efficiency, R&D investment should be used to measure the effectiveness of new technology supply, and the Schumpeterian innovation rate should be used to measure the economic impact of technological progress. The policy implications of the research results of this thesis are as follows: ① Transition from a policy of one-sided technology supply to a policy of convergence of technology supply and new technology demand support, ② Mission-oriented R&D policy and R&D policy that links national R&D with private R&D, ③ Reclassification of capital goods reflecting the degree of new knowledge.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.141-149
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of accounting information on dividend policy as a measure of corporate conservatism from the perspective of the internal accounting management system. The verification is based on a sample of 543 companies listed on securities (excluding KOSDAQ and financial industry) among the Bank of Korea (2019) 「2018 Corporate Management Analysis」 and company analysis of the Korea Productivity Center (financial data disclosed as listed companies as a December settlement company) was composed. Using SPSS 22, empirical analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. The first is the verification related to corporate conservatism and the role of dividend policy, and it is verification of whether internal accounting management influences financial decision-making. Second, if internal accounting management exists, it is a verification of how conservatism and investment policies (in-house reserve, debt borrowing, capital increase, dividends, etc.) affect the corporate value according to accounting information. As a result, from the perspective of the internal accounting management system, it was found that among the variables of accounting information, profitability can have a positive effect on corporate conservatism and dividend policy as a corporate valuation method of reinvestment. In addition, it has been proven that corporate conservatism has an effect on profitability-to-value through capital accumulation and reinvestment such as surplus and internal reserves. In the future, we will study and discuss the complementarity of corporate conservatism and dividend policy in relation to governance structure and improvement of the internal accounting management system.