• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.1046-1055
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of product variables(i.e., fashionability, brand fame) and situational variables(i.e., time constraint, usage occasion) on the internet browsing behavior (i.e., prepurchase search; ongoing search for products, stores, fashion trends, promotions, and post-purchasing information) for fashion products. This study developed hypothetical scenarios based on the factorial design of the two independent variables for the survey with a questionnaire. All items in the questionnaire were measured on a six-point scale. By convenience sampling and on-line survey, a total of 209 usable responses were used for further analyses. The results show as follows; firstly, respondents more intensively browse for information search on products, stores and fashion trends when the style of browsing products is trendy. Secondly, whether the fashion products have a famous brand name or not has a significant influence on browsing behavior for stores and fashion trends information search. Thirdly, time constraint is found to influence significantly on respondents' browsing for promotions information search. Lastly, occasion for product worn shows a significant influence on browsing behavior for stores and fashion trends information search. The managerial implications are provided based on findings.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.397-400
• /
• 2007

For mapping the distribution of heavy metals in the mining area, field spectroscopy and hyperspectral remote sensing were used in this study. Although heavy metals are spectrally featureless from the visible to the short wave infrared range, possible variations in spectral signal due to heavy metals bound onto minerals can be explained with the metal binding reaction onto the mineral surface. Variations in the spectral absorption shapes of lattice OH and oxygen on the mineral surface due to the combination of heavy metals were surveyed over the range from 420 to 2400 nm. Spectral parameters such as peak ratio and peak area were derived and statistically linked to metal concentration levels in the streambed samples collected from the dry stream channels. The spatial relationships between spectral parameters and concentrations of heavy metals were yielded as well. Based on the observation at a ground level for the relationship between spectral signal and metal concentration levels, the spectral parameters were classified in a hyperspectral image and the spatial distribution patterns of classified pixels were compared with the product of analysis at the ground level. The degree of similarity between ground dataset and image dataset was statistically validated. These techniques are expected to support assessment of dispersion of heavy metal contamination and decision on optimal sampling point.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.896-901
• /
• 2012

축사지역은 가축분뇨처리장으로부터의 오염물질 배출농도가 높아 인근 하천의 수질 및 수생태계에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 또한 강우시에는 축사주위에 축적되어 있던 각종 비점오염물질들이 강우유출수와 함께 유출되어 처리장 방류수와 함께 인근 하천의 주요 오염원으로 작용한다. 그러나 점오염원으로 배출되는 처리장의 배출수와 비점오염원 형태로 배출되는 강우유출수의 오염물질 유출특성이 달라 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 축사지역의 점및 비점오염원의 특성을 분석하여 향후 가축분뇨 관리대책 수립에 필요한 기본자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상지역은 10ha의 돈사 지역이며 모니터링은 2008년 10월부터 2011년 11월까지 3년동안 수행되었다. 입자상 물질 및 인의 배출농도는 비점오염원에서 높게 나타났으며, 유기물질 및 질소의 배출농도는 점오염원에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 비점오염원이 섞인 유출수에서는 TN/TP 비에 비해 낮은 BOD 농도를 보였다. 축사지역의 가축분뇨관리는 비점오염원에서의 입자상 물질 관리와 유기물질에 비해 높게 배출되는 점오염원의 영양염류 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2009

Bioequivalence (BE) studies provide important information in the overall set of data that ensure the availability of safe and effective medicines to patients and practitioners. Thus its determination of proper criterion for assessing BE is very important. BE is frequently expressed or measured by estimating area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) that are reflective of systemic exposure. In all countries except Canada, the acceptance criteria of BE is that the 90% confidence interval of difference in the average values of logarithmic AUC and $C_{max}$ between test and reference products is within the acceptable range of log(0.8) ${\sim}$ log(1.25). In Canada, unlike other countries, point estimation instead of applying 90% confidence interval is applied to assess $C_{max}$ which is, in essence, more variable than AUC. We also compared other parts of BE guidelines which include a fed study, average BE (ABE), scaled-ABE, population BE (PBE), individual BE (IBE), dropout & withdrawal, sampling frequency & time and number of subjects. This article reviews the most recent BE guidelines of Korea, USA, Europe, Canada and Japan, highlighting the differences focused on Korean BE guidelines compared to other countries. It will help us to revise BE guideline of Korea reflecting international trends. Finally, it is strongly recommended that the extended acceptance criterion for the highly variable drug among all the considering aspects for the revision of current BE guideline has to be adopted into Korea BE guideline in the nearest future.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.1202-1212
• /
• 2008

As increasing the rates of purchasing cosmetic in internet shopping mall, the relationship marketing between purchaser and shopping mall service providers has become more important. At this point, the purpose of this study was to investigate factors of relational benefits and commitment, and to analyze the effects of relational benefits and commitment on word-of-mouth intention and repurchase intention for cosmetic purchaser in internet shopping mall. With convenience sampling, the research was surveyed to 20’s to 30’s female and male who had purchased cosmetics in internet shopping mall. The 308 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability test, and multi-regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, the factors of relational benefits were divided into psychological benefits, social benefits, and economic benefits. Also the factors of commitment were divided into calculative commitment and affective commitment. Second, only psychological benefits affected to calculative commitment, and all three factors of relational benefits affected to affective commitment. Third, the word-of-mouth intention for cosmetic purchaser in internet shopping mall was affected by psychological benefits, social benefits, economic benefits, calculative commitment and affective commitment. Lastly, the repurchase intention of cosmetic in internet shopping mall was affected by psychological benefits, social benefits, economic benefits, calculative commitment, affective commitment and the word-of-mouth intention.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2001

This study is to provide basic data for the development of domestic ready-made shoes industry by illustrating any problem in regards to the ready-made shoes for ordinary salary men through looking into its uses and gratifications. Subjects for this study were in between twenties and sixties by applying convenient random sampling method, which was done in January to February, 2001. The results were as follows: 1. General foot shape of subjects was that foot breadth was wide whereas instep height was average. In regards to the metamorphic parts of foot, the most metamorphic part was the fifth toe which could be occurred by disagreeable shoes to foot. 2. General salary men (69.5%) wear the formal shoes and their wearing time per day is over 10 hours (49%), which illustrates that more suitable and convenient functional shoes needs to be developed. 3. Almost of subjects tended to purchase ready-made shoes, and their concerns to be considered when to purchase ready-made shoes were its size and solidity. This finding suggests that the size specification of the ready-made shoes needs to be more specific in terms of its length as well as foot breadth. 4. The most unsatisfied point on the ready-made shoes was the foot breadth. According to the Crosstabulation analysis on the discomfort part and the foot breadth, there existed a significant correlation between the discomfort part and the foot breadth (p$\leq$0.05). The above results make clear that overall salary men have complaints on the ready-made formal shoes in terms of its size and wearing comfort level. This suggests that the subdivision of the shoes size specification needs to be developed to improve the wearing comfort level.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015 to explore forage production and feed values of Italian ryegrass, Rye and whole crop barley as winter forage crops in the Southern region of Korea. The experimental location was over 10 points for each species and each sampling point area was $1m^2$ (Width: 1 m ${\times}$ Length: 1 m). Air mean temperature and rainfall in the Southern region of Korea during the experimental period was $6.95{\pm}5.75^{\circ}C$ and $70.45{\pm}54.68mm$, respectively. Fresh forage yield of Italian ryegrass, the most cultivated forage in the Southern region of Korea, was $44.4{\pm}7.0ton/ha$. The percentage of dry matter for whole crop barley was $28.9{\pm}7.0%$. Crude protein (CP) was higher in Italian ryegrass ($10.7{\pm}5.3%$) while total digestible nutrient (TDN) had the highest value in whole crop barley. Crude protein was not significantly different by location. However, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient value of forage from Jeonbuk province were higher than in forage from Gyeongnam province.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

복합재료가 신재생 에너지 산업 관련 구조물 및 해양 구조물에서 좀 더 신뢰도 있는 주 하중 부재로 사용되기 위하여 복합재료평판의 확률론적 비선형 초기 파단 하중과 원공과 곡률이 있는 복합재료판의 확률론적 비선형 좌굴 하중이 평가되었다. 주어진 설계 추출점에서의 확정론적 유한요소해석 결과를 바탕으로 반응면기법을 이용하여 한계상태면을 확률변수로 이루어진 2차 다항식으로 근사하였다. 또한, MPFP 근처에서 좀 더 정확하게 한계상태면을 근사하기 위하여 반복적 선형보간법이 적용되었다. 파괴확률을 평가하기 위하여 근사된 한계상태면 상에서 향상된 일계이차모멘트법과 몬테카를로법이 수행되었다. 마지막으로 파단에 영향을 주는 주요한 확률변수를 파악하기 위하여 변환된 확률변수에 대한 신뢰도지수의 감도를 계산하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.413-427
• /
• 1997

Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia are black-pigmented anaerobic gram negative rods which have been isolated from infected root canals and submucous abscesses of endodontic origin. And they are associated with clinical symptoms such as pain, percussion, and foul odor. It has been reported that there are 3 serotypes according to capsule membrane in P. endodontalis and 2 DNA homology groups and 3 serotypes in P. intermedia, but there is no data available regarding genetic diversity for the species P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. The purpose of this study is to investigate genetic diversities between individual strains of P. endodontalis and P. intermedia which are indistinguishable by serotyping and biotyping using bacterial DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. 45 teeth with at least one clinical symptoms, with single canal, and with pulp necrosis were sampled. For sampling bacteria, access cavity was prepared after disinfecting tooth and its surroundings. Then the paper point was inserted to the apex of the canal, leave there for 15 seconds, and finally it was placed into PRAS Ringer's solution and PBS solution. P. endodontalis and P. intermedia were identified by biochemical test and IIF after subculturing black and brown colonies which were produced after 7 days of incubation on BAP in anaerobic chamber. P. endodontalis and P. intermedia strains were grown in BHI broth and whole genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform extraction technique and digested by restriction endonuclease, Eco RI and Pst I. The resulting DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with EtBr and photographed under UV light. The results were as follows : 1. In both P. endodontalis and P. intermedia, different serotypes could be found within a root canal of same patient. 2. There were obvious genetic heterogeneity within a patient and within a serotype in both P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. 3. P. endodontalis serotype c, isolated from different patients, exhibited limited genotypic diversity.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.477-488
• /
• 2009

As the Korean cultural contents, such as drama, films, music, gained popularity in China, Korean fashion brands used Korean celebrities as their models to as a sales promotion strategy for Chinese consumers. With the point of view that the advertising model as a human capital as well, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of attributes of Korean celebrity advertising model, and to analyze effects on fashion brand recognition, preference, trust and purchase intention. With convenience sampling, the research surveyed Shanghai consumers in their 20's to early 30's who had purchased Korean fashion items. The 291 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability test, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, The results are as follows. Frist, Korean celebrity advertising model attribute factors were divided into similarity, familiarity, popularity, attractiveness and trust. Second, the brand recognition was affected by similarity, familiarity and popularity factors, and the brand preference was affected by similarity, familiarity, popularity and attractiveness factors. Third, the trust of Korean fashion brands was affected by similarity, familiarity, attractiveness, trust, brand recognition and brand preference. Lastly, the intention to purchase Korean Fashion brand was affected by similarity, familiarity, attractiveness, brand recognition, brand preference and brand trust.