• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.777-788
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess physical activities and activity coefficient of preschool children and was to give some concrete information to activate outdoor play and to probe the suggestions to activate outdoor play. 42 preschool children (17 boys and 25 girls) were included. Body weight and height were measured and one-day activity diaries were collected by interviewing with their parents and kindergarten teachers. To measure physical activity during outdoor play, this study was researched the current conditions and content of outdoor play activity in daycare centers, and teacher's perceptions of that outdoor play. The average age of the subjects was 5.0 years. Average height, weight, body fat and body muscle of subjects were 108.9 cm, 18.9 kg, 17.7% and 26.8%, respectively. The subjects spent about 10 hours 39 minutes sleeping; 4 hours 16 minutes personal hygiene and computer working. They spent 88.2% of 24 hours (one day) in "very light activities" and 11.3% in "light activities". Activity coefficient (1.34) of weekday was significantly higher than that of weekend (1.21). And in this study, it was found that most of daycare centers (87.7%) have outdoor play space, 95.2% of them were garden. The teachers recognized that have a outdoor play frequency everyday (48%), three or four times (46%) in a week but they have three or four times (38%), one or two times (30%) because of various indoor program. Also, they recognized that have a outdoor play expending time 21-30 minutes (48%), 31-40 minutes (26%) but they have 21-30 minutes (64%). They answered that have frequency and expending time less than their recognition of outdoor play. Most of daycare center teachers perceived outdoor play to be as important as indoor play, and the teachers believed outdoor play supports children's physical, cognitive, social, and language development. The results of this study may be used to utilize as a basic data for estimate physical activity for preschool children and developed that exercise program to increase physical activity of daycare center outdoor play.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1043-1064
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• 2020

A kind of Subjective Imaging Effect Assessment (SIEA) method and its applications on intelligent imaging terminal design in engineering site are presented. First, some visual assessment indices are used to characterize the imaging effect: the image brightness, the image brightness uniformity, the color image contrast, the image edge blur, the image color difference, the image saturation, the image noise, and the integrated imaging effect index. A linear weighted function is employed to carry out the SIEA computation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to estimate its weights. Second, a SIEA software is developed. It can play images after the settings of assessment index or assessment reaction time, etc. Third, two cases are used to illustrate the application effects of proposed method: the image enhancement system design for surveillance camera and the imaging environment perception system design for intelligent lighting terminal. A Prior Sequential Stimulus (PSS) experiment is proposed to improve the evaluation stability of SIEA method. Many experiment results have shown the proposed method can realize a stable system design or parameters setting for the intelligent imaging terminal in engineering site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

This study is to derive a design alternative to the FECC (Forest Experience Center for Children) that meets the preschooler's preferences. For this purpose, preschooler participation is included in each phase of the FECC, the site perception phase, the deriving design elements phase, and the deriving design alternative phase. In this study, the process of the deriving design alternative phase was carried out with kindergarteners and preschoolers (6, 7 years olds; all 41 students) at Songsan-mulbit FECC in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju. In order to derive the design alternatives, three detailed design processes (preschooler participation 2 times, researcher analysis 1 time), tool construction, and a preschooler participation workshop were conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of the preschooler's design process, 41 designs were drawn, and an average of 7.66 spaces were drawn by each preschooler. The 6-year-old males designed the least (average 6.80 spaces) and the 7-year-old females designed the most (9.0 spaces). The physical and adventure play spaces were most common (38.9% to 48.7%) regardless of gender or age. To analyze the feasibility of the preschooler's design using a base map, the appearance of the physical environmental characteristics (7 items) in the site were analyzed in each of the 41 designs. As a result, the environmental characteristics were apparent a total 72 times overall. Similar environmental characteristics appearing more than once were apparent in 87.8% (26 designs) of designs. Second, three design alternatives were derived: APS- types (intensive planning of active play facility spaces) was presented in 15 designs, NS-types (planning focused on nature spaces) was presented in 14 designs, and SPS-types (planning focused on static play facility spaces) were presented 12 designs. Third, NS-type, which were finally selected through a preference assessment (5-point scale) and a comparative assessment of the three alternatives, has mainly natural spaces (forest space, forest path, shelter, natural exploration space, and ecological pond) and active play facility spaces, water play space and soil (sand) play spaces was appropriately designed. Therefore, the NS-type was analyzed as the design alternative that can fully accomplish all types of cognitive development through developed through play (functional play, constructive play, dramatic(symbolic) play).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.461-468
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• 2012

In general, long-term changes of ecological factors take a pulse form in which they interact with other factors and go through a repeated increasing and decreasing cycle. The coupling of the two approaches the grid model and the box model in ecological modeling can lead to an in-depth understanding of the environment. The study analyzes temporal variations of major storages with an energy system model that formulizes effectively the relationships among nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. An increase of light intensity and standing stock of nutrient increase the magnitude and frequency of pulsing. Also, an immense reduction of nutrient concentration can cause extinction of the pulsing and bring about a steady state. It is concluded that the nutrient loads in freshwater discharge from the Yangtze affect the cycles of major ecological components as well as water quality variables and play an important role in the marine ecosystem.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 1995

Present study reviewed various standardized neuropsychological assessment methods for children that are widely used in Korean child-psychiatric clinic settings to evaluate neurological problems, especially soft neurological signs that could not be identified by neurological techniques like CT, MRI. The characteristics of those neuropsychological test responses in children with psychiatric disorders that neurological factors are thought to play more important role than psychological factors in their etiology were examined. It is more important and required to establish the developmental norms for interpreting the results of neuropsychological tests and for identifying the signs of brain damage in case of children than adults. There are many difficulties in diagnosing brain dysfunction and conducting research for neurological problems in psychiatric disordered children due to lack of the standardized Korean version of neuropsyhological test for children, Therefore, several issues on developing the Korean version of neuropsyhological tests for children were discussed.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the most important factor(s) that contribute(s) to the overall oral proficiency and to examine whether the factor(s) play(s) a different role depending on the proficiency level of learners. Learners were divided into novice group and advanced group and were asked to produce an oral recording of a story based on a comic strip. The recordings were transcribed and graded by three raters. According to the results, the raters attained high inter-rater reliability when assessing advanced learners. However, the reliability level became considerably lower in the assessment of novice learners. The best predictor of oral proficiency among novice learners was sociolinguistic competence and fluency, while grammatical competence and fluency were the strongest predictors for advanced learners. The results suggest the need for a separate assessment tool for different proficiency levels and the need for a different focus in the classroom depending on the learners' proficiency level.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1992

To prevent unwanted visual impacts of proposed projects before they are actually built, Visual Impact Assessment(VIA) is conducted in current landscape planning and management process. The application of VIA to actual projects raises some important questions: "What views will the project affect?" "What tools and techniques are effective for predicting and portraying future landscape conditions?" "Who should determine the value of the impacts?" and "How can the impacts be measured?" Types and levels of visual impacts should be decided through analyzing both the existing landscape and the proposed project. Computer-based visual simulations will play a pivotal role as effective prediction and communication tools. With professionals' assistance, the public participation in the VIA process will produce meaningful solutions for planning and managing the future landscape. Also, the use of a proper response format and sensitive assessment criteria in measuring the public's opinion will enrich outcomes of the assessment. Based on the methodological framework, the case study briefly explains an application of VIA to an actual project.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-92
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• 2024

This study aims to verify the practical effectiveness of learning management system (LMS) by introducing a LMS enhancing digital assessment utilizing automatic item generation in order to strengthen college student's mathematics performance. Teaching assisted with digital assessment in the LMS was applied to college mathematics classes, and the research question is whether or not students in the classes utilizing the LMS perform better than the regular classes. In particular, a calculus course, which is the foundation of important artificial intelligence technology in the future, was utilized in this study. The participants of this study were 248 freshmen in science and engineering who were taking calculus courses at a small to mid-size university. A total of 156 freshmen were selected after applying a propensity score matching method (PSMM), 78 from classes utilizing the LMS and 78 from regular classes without the LMS assisted with the digital assessment. As a result, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the math academic growth of students who used the LMS and those who did not. In other words, when LMS was used in calculus, students' academic growth was greater. The results of this study are meaningful in that they observed students' academic growth and confirmed that LMS enables a positive role in students' academic growth. In addition, if digital assessment is strengthened and LMS that enables individualized learning analysis is introduced and implemented in educational institutions, it is expected to play a major role in strengthening students' academic performance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence for clinical practice by systemic analysis on occupational therapy interventions for improvement of children's play. Methods : Articles used in this study were collected from database of Pubmed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, RISS, KISS, and National Library of Korea. The key words used in the search were "Play AND Occupational Therapy AND (Intervention OR Treatment)" and the publication period was limited from January 2007 to April 2017. 11 articles in total were selected for the systematic review analysis. Results : The results revealed that the majority of studies was one-group non-randomized study and the majority of intervention used was play-based intervention in case of that play itself was the intervention goal. The most frequently used environment for the intervention was parallel setting of home and treatment room. The majority of studies was for children with ADHD and the most commonly used assessment tool was Test of Playfulness (ToP). Dependent variables measured along with play were language skills, social interactive skills, communication and pragmatic skills, problem-solving skills, caregiver responsiveness, and parent-child interaction. Conclusion : This study help to understand the current state of occupational therapy intervention for improvement of children's play. Starting with the understanding, it is expected that various studies on play of children will be done in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

Since Seoul city supplied 'Sangsang Children's Park', domestic children's parks are changing from formal facilities to creative play space recently. From eco-friendly safe playground model development project, the awareness of eco-friendly playground, namely children's park is increasing and its necessity is magnified. However, we could not know how well most children's parks aimed at the eco-friendly playground reflect eco-friendly features and whether they are eco-friendly or not because there are not the specific planning guidelines and evaluation standards for making the eco-friendly playground or children's park. Therefore, in this study we established the environment-friendliness evaluation standards of children's parks and estimated the environment-friendly features of the 9 parks built on the subject of green among Sangsang Children's Parks. In the observational survey of the 9 parks, we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these parks in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The assessment results showed that 4 items (location and placement, additional facilities, play space, play equipment and facilities) were suitable and others (energy saving, environmental load reduction, ecological environment, materials and resources) were partial reflection or unsuitable. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning indicators to be considered first and the planning factors that should be complemented and improved in the construction of eco-friendly children's park in future.