• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2020

Recently, the development of image processing technology, as well as hardware performance, has been continuing the research on 3D point processing technology that provides users with free viewing angle and stereoscopic effect in various fields. Point cloud technology, which is a type of representation of 3D point, has attracted attention in various fields because it can acquired/expressed point precisely. However, since Hundreds of thousands, millions of point are required to represent one 3D point cloud content, there is a disadvantage that a larger amount of storage space is required than a conventional 2D content. For this reason, the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), an international standardization organization, is continuing to research how to efficiently compress, store, and transmit 3D point cloud content to users. In this paper, a V-PCC bitstream generated by a V-PCC (Video-based Point Cloud Compression) encoder proposed by the MPEG-I (Immersive) group is composed of an MPU (Media Processing Unit) defined by the MMT. In addition, by extending the signaling message defined in the MMT standard, a parameter for a segmented transmission method of the 3D point cloud content by area and quality parameters considering the characteristic of the 3D point cloud content, so that the quality parameters can be selectively determined according to the user's request. Finally, in this paper, we verify the result through design/implementation of the verification platform based on the proposed technology.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Purpose - This study's objective is to analyze the content of the communications between users and producers based on the construal level theory. User generated content refers to content created in an online-based service where users and producers communicate interactively with each other. In a user generated content platform, the messages sent and received between the many players, the users and producers who use the content, may be analyzed at the psychological level based on construal level theory. Research design, data, and methodology - This study gathered user and producer participation through a snow-bowling sampling method. The data analyzed includes 125 video clips and 2,912 comments. The period of the data collection was from September 2014 to December 2014. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and two-way ANOVA. Results - This study obtained the following research results. First, users who were a short social distance from producers responded to user participatory activities stated in concrete language rather than abstract language. In contrast, users who were at a longer social distance from producers tended to respond to the content requesting user participation through abstract language. Second, if users and producers were at a short social distance from each other, user preference increased more when a producer response to user participation was expressed concretely rather than when it was expressed abstractly. In contrast, if the users were at a longer social distance, users' preferences increased more when producer response was expressed abstractly rather than when it was expressed concretely. Conclusion - This study found that the effect of suitability, in which the social distance and the content were in congruence at the construal level, could be observed. Therefore, based on this, academic and practical implications were drawn. The three main insights of the study are as follows. First, firms can use psychological factors to analyze the message content of users in their distribution platforms. This study reveals managerial implications for marketing managers who want to take make use of this analysis of user and producer communications. This study indicates that the main factors include the concrete and abstract scores and social distance between users and producers. Second, we also provide the strategic guidelines to maximizing user preferences and other outcomes. The main dependent variable in this study is the user preference shift; the variable increases through the congruence effect; and the construal level is determined by the social distance between the users and producers and the type of producer response. The outcomes here from users can be utilized to develop several systemic strategies. One process to use the outcomes could be: (1) firms could measure the users and producers social distance; (2) calculate the concreteness or abstractness of the messages; and, (3) predict the user preference outcomes by the congruence between user and producer social distance and the abstractness or concreteness of the message content.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.87-103
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• 2009

Grid computing is an expanded technology of distributed computing technology to use low-cost and high-performance computing power in various fields. Although the purpose of Grid computing focuses on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and in some case, high-performance orientation, it has been used as conventional distributed computing environment like clustered computer until now because Grid middleware does not have common sharable information system. In order to use Grid computing environment efficiently which consists of various Grid middlewares, it is necessary to have application-independent information system which can share information description and services, and expand them easily. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semantic information system framework based on web services and ontology for Grid computing environment, called WebSIS. It makes application and middleware developer easy to build sharable and extensible information system which is easy to share information description and can provide ontology based platform-independent information services. We present efficient ontology based information system architecture through WebSIS. Discovering appropriate resource for task execution on Grid needs more high-level information processing because Grid computing environment is more complex than other traditional distributed computing environments and has various considerations which are needed for Grid task execution. Thus, we design and implement resource information system and services by using WebSIS which enables high-level information processing by ontology reasoning and semantic-matching, for automation of task execution on Grid.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.77-96
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to develop correspondence strategies to the environment change in domestic retail store types. Recently, new types of retails have emerged in retail industries. Therefore, trade area platform has developed focusing on the speed of data, no longer trade area from district border. Besides, 'trade area smart' brings about change in retail types with the development of giga internet. Thus, context shopping is changing the way of consumers' purchase pattern through data capture, technology capability, and algorithm development. For these reasons, the sales estimation model has been shown to be flawed using the notion of former scale and time, and it is necessary to construct a new model. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on measuring retail change in large multi-shopping mall for the outlook for retail industry and competition for trade area with the theoretical background understanding of retail store types and overall domestic retail conditions. The competition among retail store types are strong, whereas the borders among them are fading. There is a greater need to analyze on a new model because sales expectation can be hard to get with business area competition. For comprehensive research, therefore, the research method based on the statistical analysis was excluded, and field survey and literature investigation method were used to identify problems and propose an alternative. In research material, research fidelity has improved with complementing research data related with retail specialists' as well as department stores. Results - This study analyzed trade area survival and its pattern through sales estimation and empirical studies on trade areas. The sales estimation, based on Huff model system, counts the number of households shopping absorption expectation from trade areas. Based on the results, this paper estimated sales scale, and then deducted modified probability model. Conclusions - In times of retail store chain destruction and off-line store reorganization, modified Huff model has problems in estimating sales. Transformation probability model, supplemented by the existing problems, was analyzed to be more effective in competitiveness business condition. This study offers a viable alternative to figure out related trade areas' sale estimation by reconstructing new-modified probability model. As a result, the future task is to enlarge the borders from IT infrastructure with data and evidence based business into DT infrastructure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.209-230
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• 2020

Objectives : Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs), collaborations of practitioners and academic researchers, have provided platforms for conducting research to address clinical questions generated from daily routine care. This review aimed to critically analyse articles from PBRNs that are related to complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) and to suggest future directions for a PBRN which is appropriate for Korean Medicine (KM). Methods : PubMed, PBRN registries in Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and relevant PBRN websites were searched up to November 2019 for research articles from PBRNs that focused on CIM regardless of study design. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. The included studies were read in full, classified and summarised according to their topics. Results : A total of 51 articles published from 1998 through 2020 were included in this review. They were categorised into three principal themes based on research questions and findings: health services research (embracing researches examining characteristics of patients and CIM practitioners/practices, and communication between patients and practitioners); effectiveness and safety of CIM practices/interventions; and feasibility studies of instruments and interventions in PBRN settings. The study designs varied including surveys (n=30), prospective observational studies (n=6), 2ndary analyses of existing studies (n=7), protocols (n=7), retrospective chart review (n=1) and qualitative study (n=1). Quality of the included studies greatly varied. Conclusions : PBRNs can serve as a feasible platform for conducting practice-relevant research on KM and CIM. Considering growing demands on evidence-base for routine practice of KM amid various stakeholders, a PBRN in KM community and further researches nested within PBRN designs are warranted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the online class preference depending on students' gender and school level. To achieve this aim, the study conducted a survey on 4,803 elementary, middle, and high school students in 17 regions nationwide. The valid data of 4,524 were then analyzed using the Apriori algorithm to discern the associated patterns of the online class preference corresponding to their gender and school level. As a result, a total of 16 rules, including 7 from elementary school students, 4 from middle school students, and 5 from high school students were derived. To be specific, elementary school male students preferred software-based classes whereas elementary female students preferred maker-based classes. In the case of middle school, both male and female students preferred virtual experience-based classes. On the other hand, high school students had a higher preference for subject-specific lecture-based classes. The study findings can serve as empirical evidence for explaining the needs of online classes perceived by K-12 students. In addition, this study can be used as basic research to present and suggest areas of improvement for diversifying online classes. Future studies can further conduct in-depth analysis on the development of various online class activities and models, the design of online class platforms, and the female students' career motivation in the field of science and technology.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.77-96
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• 2022

Live commerce has recently received substantial attention due to the spread of the non-face-to-face consumption culture driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. Live commerce has a higher purchase conversion rate than other forms of commerce. Accordingly, the likelihood of impulse buying in a live commerce environment is expected to be high. However, there is a shortage of research on consumer impulse buying in the live commerce environment. This study designs a scenario-based experiment using the integrated model of consumption impulse formation and enactment. Through this method, this study validates the influence of the characteristics of live commerce (i.e., vicarious experience and real-time interaction) on consumers' likelihood of impulse buying and further examines the moderating role of a live commerce host feature (i.e., professionalism) in these relationships. The results of this study confirm that both vicarious experience and real-time interaction have a positive effect on consumers' likelihood of impulse buying and that professionalism strengthens the impact of vicarious experience on the likelihood of impulse buying. This study's scenario-based experimental design is meaningful because it analyzes the likelihood of impulse buying in the context of live commerce shopping. Additionally, it provides live commerce service and platform providers with practical insights into how to maximize profits and operate services more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.24-41
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the complex planning processes and design ideas of the Gwanghwamun Plaza which was opened in 2009. The opening of the plaza was significant as it was built in order to restore the symbolic meaning of axis in the historical Joseon Dynasty that was distorted during the Japanese Imperialism. The plaza itself attracts many citizens and tourists by providing the empty ground carrying historical ambiences around. In this paper, the story of the Gwanghwamun plaza will be summarized. Particularly, the background of promoting the project will be discussed and the whole planning process will be dealt with. The plaza was realized through several stages. First, the planning stage will be reviewed. The planning stage had been a quite long process since the initial idea was discussed. Since the early 90s, the political decision of making the plaza was made through the change of people's understanding toward public space. At this stage, the city government worked together with diverse citizens and professionals to share the vision and to realize the right decision in making the plaza. Second, the design stage will be elaborated in detail. This is the second design stage. The former was the idea competition and the latter was the turn-key base. The final design scheme emphasized the restoration of symbolic axis and the forgotten Yukjo Street. The scheme consists of four zones such as history restoration zone, prospect and history representation zone, culture zone, and the urban zone. Through the whole design process, the original idea remained as it was. The design concept was "a place of memory and prospect." It emphasizes the history representation, view corridor, cultural activities platform as well as the emptiness and flexibility of the basic premise of the plaza. Finally, the construction stage will be discussed. There were some additions and omissions in the construction process. The design chances in the construction stage will be reviewed in detail. After the opening of the plaza, there were some changes in the detail design. We will discuss how and why these modifications were made. In the end, the social and cultural implication of the plaza will be discussed. The storytelling of the Gwanghwamun Plaza will contribute to the clear understanding of planning and design process of pubic places. Based on this reflection, we are able to think about some suggestions of public projects for the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.176-188
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• 2018

Modern urban problems are increasingly becoming a market mix that can not be solved by the power of a single department and the necessity of establishing a cooperation system based on data communication between departments is increasing. Therefore, this study analyzed Busan metropolitan city's IT projects from 2014 to 2018 in order to understand the utilization and sharing status of departmental data from the viewpoint that cooperation between departments can start from the sharing of data with high common utilization. In addition, based on the results of the FGI(Focus Group Interview) conducted for the officials of the department responsible for the informatization project, we verified the results of data status analysis. At the same time, we figured out the necessity of data link between departments through SNA(Social Network Analysis) and presented data that should be shared first in the future. As a result, most of the information systems currently use limited data only within the department that produced the data. Most of the linked data was concentrated in the information department. Therefore, this study suggested the following solutions. First, in order to prevent overlapping investments caused by the operation of individual departments and share information, it is necessary to build a small platform to tie the departments, which have high connectivity with each other, into small blocks. Second, a local level process is needed to develop data standards as an extension of national standards in order to expand the information to be used in various fields. Third, as another solution, we proposed a system that can integrate various types of information based on address and location information through application of cloud-based GIS platform. The results of this study are expected to contribute to build a cooperation system between departments through expansion of information sharing with cost reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.329-341
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• 2020

As COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, more than 45 million confirmed cases and over 1,000,000 deaths have occurred till now, and this situation is expected to continue for some time. In particular, more than half of the infections in European countries such as Italy and Spain occurred in nursing homes, and it is reported that over 4,000 people died in nursing homes for older adults in the United States. Therefore, the issues that need to be addressed after the COVID-19 crisis include finding a fundamental solution to group care and shifting to family-centered care. More specifically, it is expected that there will be ever more lively discussion on establishing and expanding hyper-technology based community care, that is, family-centered care integrated with ICT and other Industry 4.0 technologies. This poses a challenge of how to combine social security and social welfare with Industry 4.0 in concrete ways that go beyond the abstract suggestions made in the past. A case in point is the proposal involving smart welfare cities. Given this background, the present paper examined the concept, scope, and content of non-face-to-face care in the context of previous literature on the function and scope of the social security platform, and the concept and expandability of the smart welfare city. Implementing a smart city to realize the kind of social security and welfare that our society seeks to provide has significant bearing on the implementation of community care or aging in place. One limitation of this paper, however, is that it does not address concrete measures for implementing non-face-to-face care from the policy and legal/institutional perspectives, and further studies are needed to explore such measures in the future. It is expected that the findings of this paper will provide the future course and vision not only for the smart welfare city but also for the social security and welfare system in administrative, practical, and legislative aspects, and ultimately contribute to improving the quality of human life.