• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

Inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs) are a disease group of heterogeneous bleeding disorders associated with congenital defects of platelet functions. Normal platelets essential role for primary hemostasis by adhesion, activation, secretion of granules, aggregation, and procoagulant activity of platelets. The accurate diagnosis of IPFDs is challenging due to unavailability of important testing methods, including light transmission aggregometry and flow cytometry, in several medical centers in Korea. Among several IPFDs, Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a most representative IPFD and is relatively frequently found compare to the other types of rarer IPFDs. GT is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of ITGA2B or ITGB3. There are quantitative or qualitative defects of the GPIIb/IIIa complex in platelet, which is the binding receptor for fibrinogen, von Willbrand factor, and fibronectin in GT patients. Therefore, patients with GT have normal platelet count and normal platelet morphology, but they have severely decreased platelet aggregation. Thus, GT patients have a very severe hemorrhagic phenotypes that begins at a very early age and persists throughout life. In this article, the general contents about platelet functions and respective IPFDs, the overall contents of GT, and the current status of genetic diagnosis of GT in Korea will be reviewed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2023

Normal activation of platelets and their aggregation are crucial during hemostasis process. It appears excessive or abnormal aggregation of platelets may bring about cardiovascular diseases like stroke, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. For this reason, finding a substance that can regulate platelet aggregation or suppress aggregation will aid in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Artemisinin, a compound derived from Artemisia or Scopolia plants, has shown potential in various areas such as anticancer and Alzheimer's disease research. However, the specific role and mechanisms by which artemisinin influences platelet activation and thrombus formation are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the effects of artemisinin on platelet activation and thrombus formation. This study examined the effect of artemisinin on regulation of U46619-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion. In addition, the effects of artemisinin on phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathway involved in platelet aggregation was studied. As a result, artemisinin significantly downregulated of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathway. In addition, artemisinin significantly reduced granule secretion, and platelet aggregation was inhibited by artemisinin. Therefore, we suggest that artemisinin is an anti-platelet substance that regulates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathway and is valuable as a therapeutic and preventive agent for platelet-derived cardiovascular disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2006

Many clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of the platelet releasate or the platelet gel on chronic wounds. However, the patient's own blood had to be aspirated and processed to make the platelet releasate or a platelet gel. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of platelet concentrates from the blood bank for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. To obtain the basic data of the PDGF-BB content in platelet concentrates supplied from the blood bank, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification was performed. On average, 8.5 pg of the PDGF-BB was released per 1 million platelets. Sixteen patients with diabetic foot ulcers ranging from 1.0 to $18.0cm^2$(mean, $6.1cm^2$) in size were treated. The platelet concentrates was centrifuged and the precipitantte was mixed with 1 ml of fibrinogen. The platelets and fibrinogen mixture was dispersed on to the ulcer lesions. The liquid platelet and fibrinogen mixture was then sealed using 0.3-1.0 ml of thrombin and moisture dressing was performed. The procedure was repeated every one or two weeks until wound closure. Time required for complete healing ranged from 3 to 12 weeks after treatment (mean, 7.3 weeks). Patient satisfaction was also very positive. In this study, the use of platelet concentrates from the blood bank was found to be effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2013

감염된 미성숙 영구치의 치수치료에 있어 줄기세포의 분화를 유도하는 생활조직의 재생과 지속적인 치근형성을 도모하는 방향으로 패러다임이 전환되고 있는데, 여기에서는 소독, 스캐폴드(scaffold), 그리고 폐쇄가 중요하다. 소독을 위해 triple antibiotics가 널리 사용되고 있으며, 스캐폴드로써 기존의 혈병대신 platelet-rich fibrin의 사용이 보고되었다. 본 증례보고에서는 치외치 파절에 의해 치수가 감염된 미성숙 영구치에서 platelet-rich fibrin을 스캐폴드로써 이용한 치수 재혈관화를 시행하였다. 발수와 근관세척 후 첫 증례에서 국소적 항생제의 적용 없이 platelet-rich fibrin을 단독 사용하였고 두 번째와 세 번째 증례에서는 국소적 항생제 적용 후 platelet-rich fibrin을 적용하였는데 모두 양호한 치유 결과를 얻었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

When blood vessels are damaged, a rapid hemostatic reaction occurs to minimize blood loss and maintain normal circulation. Platelet activation and aggregation is essential in this process. However, excessive platelet aggregation or abnormal platelet aggregation may be the cause of cardiovascular disease, such as thrombosis, stroke and atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease by finding substances that can regulate platelet activation and suppress aggregation reactions. Isoscopoletin, which is mainly found in the roots of plants Artemisia or Scopolia, has been reported to have potential pharmacological effects on anticancer and Alzheimer's disease, but its role and mechanisms for platelet aggregation and thrombus formation are unknown. This study confirmed the effect of isoscopoletin on major regulation of collageninduced human platelet aggregation, TXA₂ production and intracellular granular secretion (ATP and serotonin release). In addition, the effects of isoscopoletin on phosphorylation of phosphorylated proteins PI3K/Akt and MAPK involved in signal transduction in platelet aggregation was studied. As a result, isoscopoletin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK, significantly inhibiting platelet aggregation through TXA₂ production and intracellular granular secretion (ATP and serotonin release). Therefore, we suggest that isoscopoletin is an anti-platelet substance that regulates phosphorylation of phosphorus proteins such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK and is valuable as a preventive and therapeutic agent for platelet-derived cardiovascular disease.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.337-345
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• 1995

The effects of ginkgolides(natural mixture of ginkgolides, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C) and flavonoids(quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin), extracted from Ginkgo biloba, on ADP and PAF-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo were investigated. In these experiments, both of ginkgolides and ginkgoflavonoids did not affect the ADP(5 $\mu{M}$) induced platelet aggregation in vitro. The IC$_{50}$ value on PAF (0.3 $\mu{M}$) induced platelet aggregation were 2.52 $\mu{M}$ (ginkgolide B) and 6.35 $\mu{M}$ (natural mixture of ginkgolides) and 2.80 $\mu{M}$ (mixture of ginkgolide B and quercetin). Oral administration of ginkgolide B (1 and 3 mg/kg) and quercetin (3 and 9 mg/kg) to rabbits inhibited ex vivo PAF induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Ginkomin-F tablets administered to the diabetic patients showed inhibitory activities on the ADP and PAF induced platelet aggregation in a dose and time dependent manner.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.757-764
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• 1992

The platelet reinforced mullite-zirconia composites were prepared by pressurelss sintering with addition of Al2O3 or SiC platelets. The sintered density of 10 vol% Al2O3 platelet reinforced mullite-zirconia composite was 98.3% at 1700$^{\circ}C$. The fracture strength (290 MPa) and fracture toughness (4.9 MPa$.${{{{ SQRT { m} }}) in the Al2O3 platelet reinforced mullite-zirconia composite were enhanced compared with those of mullite-zirconia due to the crack deflection and load transfer effect of platelets. Whereas, the SiC platelet reinforced mullite-zirconia composite sintered at 1650$^{\circ}C$ showed relatively lower density (95.7%), fracture strength (170 MPa), and fracture toughness (3.9 MPa$.${{{{ SQRT { m} }} than the Al2O3 platelet reinforced mullite-zirconia composite.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-89
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• 1996

Methanolic extracts of 25 species of Malaysian medicinal plants were screened for platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding activity using rabbit platelet. Extracts of Cinnamomum sintoc, Ixonanthes iconsandra, Paederia foetida, Piper aduncum, Premna integrifolia, Ardisia crispa, and Ardisia elliptica showed significant inhibitory effect on the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.833-838
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• 2006

Giant platelet syndrome is a group of unique disorders characterized by the presence of abnormally large platelets, and usually accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Most cases of giant platelets are encountered in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). In contrast, inherited giant platelet disorders, a group of heterogeneous diseases, are rare. Bernard-Soulier syndrome and its variants, and MYH9 related diseases have been defined at the molecular level. Abnormalities in transcription factors are implicated in a couple of macrothrombocytopenia syndromes. However, the molecular defects are unknown in gray platelet syndrome. It is important to make a proper diagnosis of congenital macrothrombocytopenia to avoid unnecessary medications and potentially dangerous treatment for presumed ITP.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Our previous study demonstrated that yuzu has an anti-platelet effect in rat blood. In the present study, we examined whether the anti-platelet effect of yuzu can be extended to human blood by investigating its ability to inhibit aggregations induced by various agonists in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). This study also investigated the underlying mechanism of yuzu focusing on ADP granule secretion, $TXB_2$ formations, and $PLC{\gamma}$/Akt signaling. The results from this study showed that ethanolic yuzu extract (YE), and its components, hesperidin and naringin, inhibited human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. YE, hesperidin and naringin also inhibited $TXB_2$ formation and ADP release. The phosphorylation of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt was significantly inhibited by YE, heperidin and naringin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that YE, heperidin and naringin has anti-platelet effects in rat ex vivo studies, and lower side effects in mice tail bleeding time studies. The results from this study suggest that YE, hesperidin and naringin can inhibit human platelet aggregation, at least partly through the inhibition of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt, leading to a decrease in $TXB_2$ formation and granule secretion.