• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

나노임프린트 공정기술은 나노구조물이 패턴된 스템프(혹은 몰드)를 이용하여 적절한 기판 위에 나노구조물을 복제하여 패턴을 전사하는 기술이다. 효과적인 나노임프린트 공정을 위해서는 몰드의 이형처리뿐 아니라 반대쪽의 기질과 레지스트 사이에 접착력 증가(adhesion promoter) 처리가 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 자기조립 실란커플링제의 기상증착을 이용하여 나노임프린트 공정에서 사용되는 접착 증가막 및 표면처리 방법을 비교 분석 하였다. 이를 위해서 평탄화층(DUV-30J), 산소 플라즈마 처리, 실란커플링제 자기조립막이 비교되었다. 실란커플링제 자기조립막이 형성된 실리콘 표면은 전체적으로 나노 두께의 균일한 막이 형성되며 임프린트시 구조물들을 정밀하게 전사하였으며 3-acryloxypropyl methyl dichlorosilane(APMDS)을 이용한 자기조립막(SAMs) 처리가 평탄화층과 산소 플라즈마 처리보다 강한 접착력을 가지고 있어 나노임프린트 공정에 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1967

Cold $(0^{\circ}C)$ or warm $(25^{\circ}C)$ fresh and sea water were flooded into the lungs of rabbits through tracheal canule. Respiratory arrest ensued in 19.5 minutes in the warm fresh water flooded rabbits and was the longest survival time among the experimental groups. The survival times in the other groups were: 2.32 minutes in cold fresh water group, 2.75 minutes in .warm sea water group, and 4.57 minutes in cold sea water group. Cardiac output was measured by means of T-1824 dilution technique after 2 or 3 minutes of flooding in 27 rabbits. Blood pressure was observed by mercury manometer throughout the survival time in 40 rabbits. The following results were obtained. 1. Cardiac output in the warm fresh water flooded and sea water flooded animal was smaller than that of control rabbits. In the cold fresh water flooded animal cardiac output was greater than that of the control animal. 2. Time constants of T-1824 dilution curve of experimental group were elongated than the normal curve. 3. Central blood volume showed an increase in the fresh water group, a decrease in cold sea water group and no change in warm sea water group. 4. In all of the experimental groups arterial blood Pressure showed an abrupt and great variations after flooding of lungs and lasted about 30 seconds. Thereafter, arterial pressure remained at a plateau level until the sudden fall to zero and this was almost coincided with the time of respiratory arrest. The Plateau level of arterial Pressure in fresh water group was about 10 mmHg higher than the control value, and it was lower than the control value in warm sea water group. In cold sea water group the plateau was made up by fluctuations around the control value. 5. Osmosis of water through the lung alveolar membrane occured in all animals. Fresh water caused hemodilution and sea water caused hemoconcentration. 6. In sea water flooded animal more volume of water was recovered through the tracheal canule than the volume injected into trachea. This was interpreted as the consequence of the shift of water from plasma to alveolar sac. 7. Relative freight of lung was greater in fresh water group than sea water group. In all animal lung edema ensued. 8. The mechanisms of cardiac output variations were discussed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1981

S. aureus를 TCA로 처리(處理)하여 저분자물질(低分子物質)을 추출(抽出)한 후(後) STS법(法)에 준(準)하여 지질핵산(脂質核酸), 단백질(蛋白質) 및 잔사(殘渣)로 분획(分劃)하였다. 이와 아울러 초음파처리(超音波處理)로 균체(菌體)를 파쇄(破碎)한 후(後) 원심(遠心)침전을 SDS 및 Formamide를 사용(使用)하여 축차적(縮次的)으로 가용성(可溶性) 획분(劃分)을 추출(抽出)하고 얻어진 각(各) 획분(劃分)의 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)하였다. 그 결과(結果), 초음파(超音波)로 파쇄(破碎)한 균(菌)의 원심상징액(遠心上澄液)에서 균체(菌體) DNA의 91.3%가 검출(檢出)되었고 원심침전(遠心沈澱)으로부터는 SDS 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 높은 비활성(比活性)(13.67unit/mg Protein)의 Malate dehydrogenase가 유지되었다. 한편, SDS 처리균(處理菌)의 원심침전물(遠心沈澱物)을 다시 열(熱) Formamide $150^{\circ}C$로 추출(抽出)하고 가용성획분(可溶性劃分) 및 잔사(殘渣)를 각각(各各) 산(酸) 가수분해(加水分解)한 후(後) Paper chromatsgraph하여 잔사(殘渣)로부터 Glucosamine을 확인(確認)하였다. 그러나 가용성획분(可溶性劃分)은 Ninhydrin반응(反應)에는 음성(陰性)이었고 환원당반응(還元糖反應)은 음성(陰性)이었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 부터 초음파(超音波)로 파쇄(破碎)한 균체(菌體)의 원심상징액(遠心上澄液)은 주(主)로 원형질획분(原形質劃分)이며 SDS 및 Formamide에 의(依)하여 용출(溶出)되어 나온것은 각각(各各) 원형질막(原形質膜) 및 세포벽(細胞壁)의 Polysaccharide 획분(劃分)으로, Formamide 불용성분(不溶性分)은 Peptidsglycan 획분(劃分)으로 판정(判定)되었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.199-199
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• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti alloys (typically Ti-6Al-4V) display excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Although the chemical composition and topography are considered important, the mechanical properties of the material and the loading conditions in the host have, conventionally. Ti and its alloys are not bioactive. Therefore, they do not chemically bond to the bone, whereas they physically bond with bone tissue. The electrochemical deposition process provides an effective surface for biocompatibility because large surface area can be served to cell proliferation. Electrochemical deposition method is an attractive technique for the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp). However, the adhesions of these coatings to the Ti surface needs to be improved for clinical used. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) enables control in the chemical com position, porous structure, and thickness of the $TiO_2$ layer on Ti surface. In addition, previous studies h ave concluded that the presence of $Ca^{+2}$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$ ion coating on porous $TiO_2$ surface induced adhesion strength between HAp and Ti surface during electrochemical deposition. Silicon (Si) in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. Zinc (Zn) plays very important roles in bone formation and immune system regulation, and is also the most abundant trace element in bone. The objective of this work was to study electrochemical characteristcs of Zn and Si coating on Ti-6Al-4V by PEO treatment. The coating process involves two steps: 1) formation of porous $TiO_2$ on Ti-6Al-4V at high potential. A pulsed DC power supply was employed. 2) Electrochemical tests were carried out using potentiodynamic and AC impedance methoeds. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the micro-structure an alysis of the sample were examined using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The enhancements of the HAp forming ability arise from $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ surface, which has formed the reduction of the Si/Zn ions. The promising results successfully demonstrate the immense potential of $Si/Zn-TiO_2$ coatings in dental and biomaterials applications.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.438-441
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• 2011

7연령의 중성화된 수컷, 단모종 고양이가 2년 동안 지속된 만성 비루와 재채기를 주증상으로 내원 하였다. 내원 당시 양측 비강내 화농성 비루가 관찰되었으며, 신체검사상 빈호흡이 확인되었다. 구강 및 흉강 방사선 검사는 정상이었으며, 두경부의 방사선 검사에서 비강과 고포의 이상이 발견되었다. 비강내 세포학 검사결과는 진단에 특이적인 소견을 제시하지 못했다. 확진을 위하여 추가적으로 컴퓨터 단층촬영검사, 비강과 비인두의 내시경 및 조직 검사가 실시 되었다. 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 통하여 양측 비강 및 비인두, 우측 고실내의 액체/연부조직 음영이 확인되었으며, 병변부의 종양성 변화는 확인되지 않았다. 비강경 및 검이경 검사를 통하여 병변부를 육안적으로 확인 할 수 있었다. 환축은 조직검사를 통하여, 림포형질세포성 비염으로 진단되었으며, cyclosporine을 이용하여 효과적으로 관리 되었다. 결론적으로 본 증례의 경우 고양이에서 발생한 림포형질세포성 비염의 임상증상과 진단, 그리고 cyclosporine을 이용한 치료 반응에 대한 국내 첫 증례보고이다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.246-246
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• 1996

The glucuronide conjugates of morphine have been claimed to exert significant neuropharmacological effects. Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) may be a potent opioid agonist in vivo, and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) may act as a weak opioid antagonist. The present study addressed the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for these metabolites compared to morphine. Tracers were prepared by enzymatic glucuronidation of U-methyl-$^3$H]-morphine. Brain uptake in rats was measured by the internal carotid artery perfusion technique and after i.v. bolus injections. In the perfusion experiments morphine showed a permeability-surface area product (PS) of 3.52${\pm}$0.61 ${\mu}$L min$\^$-1/ g$\^$-1/ Uptake seems to be mediated by passive diffusion and was not saturable by 100 ${\mu}$M morphine in the perfusate. The BBB permeability of [$^3$H]-M3G and [$^3$H]-M6G was too low to be quantified after 5 min of perfusion. Brain uptake of [$^3$H]-M3G and [$^3$H]-M6G 60 min after i.v. bolus injection reached 0.0060${\pm}$0.0003 and 0.0030${\pm}$0.0005% injected dose per g, respectively. From these brain concentrations and from the corresponding plasma concentration - time curves, BBB PS values of 0.14${\pm}$ 0.02 ${\mu}$L min$\^$-1/g$\^$-1/ and 0.11 ${\pm}$ 0.01 ${\mu}$L min$\^$-1/g$\^$-1/, respectively, were calculated. The ratio of BBB PS values is complementary to the analgesic potencies of morphine and M6G after different routes of administration. The low PS of MSG explains, why it is approximate]y equipotent to morphine after systemic injection, although it is about 2 orders of magnitude more potent than morphine after administration directly into the central nervous system.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

고온 건식공정의 사용후핵연료 산화분말 ($U_3O_8$)과 경 중수로 연계 핵연료 제조공정의 $UO_2$ 소결체 물성 이해에 필요한 Oxygen/Metal 비를 습식 및 건식 분석방법으로 측정하였다. $UO_2$ 분말에 핵분열생성물 원소의 산화물을 일정량 첨가하고 $1,700^{\circ}C$의 수소분위기에서 소결시켜 20,000~60,000 MWd/MtU 연소도 범위의 사용후핵연료와 화학조성이 유사한 모의 사용후핵연료를 제조하였다. 습식법에 의한 O/M 비 측정을 위하여 혼합산 (10 M HCl : 8 M $HNO_3$, 2.5:1 V/V)에 의한 가압산분해법으로 모의 사용후핵연료를 용해하고 우라늄과 핵분열생성물 원소를 추출 크로마토그래피로 분리한 후 금속원소의 총량을 유도결합플라스마 원자방출분광분석법으로 결정하였다. 또한 $UO_2$가 산화될 때의 무게변화를 열중량 무게분석법 (thermogravimetric)으로 측정하여 O/M비를 계산하고 습식법으로 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. $Mo_{0.4}-Ru_{0.4}-Rh_{0.1}-Pd_{0.1}$ 합금이 O/M비 측정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2018

대기 중 입자상 물질에 대한 자동차 오염원의 지표원소로서 백금족 원소 (Platinum Group Elements, PGEs)에 대한 분석법의 유효성을 검증하고, 도로변 먼지 중 PGEs의 분포 특성을 평가하였다. 인증표준물질을 이용한 유효성 평가 결과, Pt, Pd, Rh의 상대오차는 각각 -0.7%, -10.0%, -20.4%이고 상대표준편차는 Pt, Pd, Rh 모두 10% 미만으로 반복 분석에 따른 재현성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 연구대상지역에서 채취한 도로변 먼지 시료 중 Pt, Pd, Rh의 농도는 각각 $17.4{\pm}9.2{\mu}g/kg$, $283.6{\pm}20.5{\mu}g/kg$, $7.3{\pm}2.8{\mu}g/kg$으로 Pd의 농도가 가장 높았다. Pt와 Rh의 농도는 배경지역이나 일반 도시지역의 토양 내 농도에 비해 지하주차장과 도로변 지역의 먼지에서 평균 농도가 상당히 높았고, 이러한 평균농도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 도로변 먼지에서의 PGEs의 농도 간 상관분석결과, Pd 보다는 Pt와 Rh가 자동차 오염원의 영향을 민감하게 반영하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.429-449
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• 1992

The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2000

In order to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetics and to develop a fluorescence spectroscopic method which can detect the microviscosity of native and model membranes using intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(l-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py), we examined the effect of lidocaine HCl on the microviscosity of model membranes of phosphatidylcholine fraction extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVPC). The excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in liquid paraffin was a simple linear function of $T/{\eta}.$ Based on this calibration curve, the microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMVPC model membranes ranged from $234.97{\pm}48.85$ cP at $4^{\circ}C$ to %19.21{\pm}1.11$ cP at $45^{\circ}C.$ At $37^{\circ}C,$ a value of $27.25{\pm}0.44$ cP was obtained. The lidocaine HCl decreased the microviscosity of SPMVPC model membranes in a concentration-dependent manner, with a significant decrease in microviscosity value by injecting the local anesthetic even at the concentration of 0.5 mM. These results indicate that the direct environment of Py-3-Py in the SPMVPC model membranes is significantly fluidized by the lidocaine HCl. Also, the present study explicitly shows that an interaction between local anesthetics and membrane lipids is of importance in the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of lidocaine HCl.