• 제목/요약/키워드: plasma insulin

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The Effects of Glucose, Insulin and Angiotensin II on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression and Growth of Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell in Rats (포도당, 인슐린 및 Angiotensin II가 흰쥐 대동맥평활근세포의 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 발현 및 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • 최세영;이인규;한승세;김재현;박창권;이광숙;유영선;김기식;김윤년
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.333-340
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    • 1999
  • Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) is known as the primary physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA) in the plasma, and is present within the atherosclerotic vessels. Increased plasma levels of PAI-1 are one of the major disturbances of the hemostatic system in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension, and may have multiple interrelations with the important risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis. This study was performed to determine whether altered gene expression of PAI-1 occurs within the arterial wall, and thereby potentially contributing to the increase of cardiovascular risks associated with diabetes and/or hypertension. Material and Method: The aortic vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat were exposed to 22 mM glucose, angiotensin II, and insulin increased PAI-1 mRNA expression with the use of Northern blotting were examined. Also examined were the effects of 22 mM glucose, angiotensin II and insulin on the growth of the rat's aortic smooth muscle cells by using MTT assay. Result: Twenty-two mM glucose treatment increased the PAI-1 mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Aniotensin II treatment synergistically increased the glucose-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of insulin attenuated the increase of 22 mM glucose and angiotensin II induced PAI-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, treatment of 22 mM glucose, angiotensin II and insulin resulted in a significant increase in cell numbers. This study demonstrated that 22 mM glucose and angiotensin II have a synergistic effect in stimulating the PAI-1 mRNA expression and in the cell growth of the rat's aortic smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: Elevation of glucose and angiotensin II may be important risk factors in impairing fibrinolysis and developing atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.

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Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica Complexes on Blood Glucose and Pancreatic Islets Histology in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (노팔천연복합물이 Streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 및 췌장조직에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Jin-A;Kim, Je-Jung;Song, Byeng-Chun
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.334-340
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica complex (OF) on blood glucose, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin level and histopathological appearance of pancreatic islets in streptozotoxin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Daweley rats were divided into non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic OF of 2% (OF-2) and diabetic OF of 5% (OF-5) and fed experimental diets for 3 weeks. Compared to the DC group fasting blood glucose levels in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while fasting plasma insulin level in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Glucose tolerance in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were improved. Histopathological observation of pancreatic islets of the OF-2 and OF-5 groups showed hyperplasia which was very similar to NC. Numbers of β-cells in OF-2 (47.81±0.92) and OF-5 (81.64±2.80) were higher than numbers of β-cells in DC (13.18±1.01). These results imply that the intake of OF improves β-cell proliferation and prevents the death of β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Effects of Chromium on Energy Metabolism in Lambs Fed with Different Dietary Protein Levels

  • Yan, Xiaogang;Zhang, Fangyu;Li, Dong;Zhu, Xiaoping;Jia, Zhihai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.205-212
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    • 2010
  • The effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level, and potential interactions of these two factors were investigated in term of energy metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper×Small-tail Han sheep, male, mean initial body weight = 22.96 kg±2.60 kg) were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 μg/kg, 400 μg/kg or 800 μg/kg from chromium yeast) and protein levels (low protein: 157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, or high protein: 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feeding trial. The lambs were then sacrificed and tissue samples were frozen for further analysis. Chromium at 400 μg/kg decreased fasting insulin level and the ratio of plasma insulin to glucagon, but these differences were not statistically significant; in contrast, chromium at 800 μg/kg increased the ratio significantly (p<0.05). Protein at the high level increased plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level (p = 0.060). Liver glycogen content was increased significantly by Cr (p<0.05), which also increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and adipose hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity. At 400 μg/kg, Cr increased muscle hexokinase (HK) activity. High protein significantly increased G-6-Pase activities in both the liver (p<0.05) and the kidney (p<0.05), but significantly decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.05). For HSL activity in adipose tissue, a Cr×CP interaction (p<0.05) was observed. Overall, Cr improved energy metabolism, primarily by promoting the glycolytic rate and lipolytic processes, and these regulations were implemented mainly through the modulation by Cr of the insulin signal transduction system. High protein improved gluconeogenesis in both liver and kidney. The interaction of Cr×CP indicated that 400 μg/kg Cr could reduce energy consumption in situations where energy was being conserved, but could improve energy utilization when metabolic rate was increased.

Comparisons of Antidiabetic Effect between Ginseng Radix Alba, Ginseng Radix Rubra and Panax Quinquefoli Radix in MLD STZ-induced Diabetic Rats (Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin으로 유도된 당뇨 흰쥐에서 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼의 항당뇨 활성 비교)

  • Park, Kyeong-Soo;Ko, Sung-Kwon;Chung, Sung-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2003
  • This study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activities between Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA), Ginseng Radix Rubra (GRR) and Panax Quinquefoli Radix (PQR) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ) (20 mg/kg i.p injection far 5 days) induced diabetic rats. In the glucose tolerance test, 500 mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before glucose challenge. While GRA failed to lower blood glucose level, GRR and PQR both significantly prevented the hyperglycemia when compared with the control group. In the MLD STZ-induced diabetic rats, 300 mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were markedly improved in all treatment groups. While GRR showed the highest antidiabetic activity, and GRA and PQR revealed somewhat equipotent antidiabetic activities, but less than that in GRR-treated group as far as blood parameters and diabetic symptoms such as polyphagia and polydipsia are concerned. Blood glucose levels were closely associated with plasma insulin levels, and this result may suggest that ginseng ethanol extracts showed the activity to enhance insulin secretion as well as preventing destruction of pancreatic islet cells. To elucidate the relationship between antidiabetic activity and ginsenoside profiles, seven major ginsenosides were quantified by HPLC. We figured out the fact that protopanaxatriol (PPT): proptopanaxadiol (PPD) ratio might play an important role in its hypoglycemia effects.

Effects of H2O Fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb with Vitamin E on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats (참마 분획물과 vitamin E 투여가 당뇨유발 흰쥐의 혈당 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • 김명화
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.500-506
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of H2O fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb (DJT) with vitamin E on blood glucose and fat metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (200∼230 g) weighing were divided into five groups; the normal group, the STZ-control group, the DJT group, the DJT-vitamin E group and the vitamin E group. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by injection of STZ into tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. The H2O fraction of DR (500 mg/kg) and 10 mg/kg of vitamin E (㎗-α-tocopherol) given orally were administered for 14 days. The body weight was monitored and levels of hematocrit, protein and glucose were determined. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol; triglyceride, free fatty acid and HDL-cholesterol were measured. The activities of aminotranseferase were analysed. The body weight gain was shown no significantly higher in the normal group than all STZ groups. The administration of H2O fraction of DJT and vitamin E showed a significant increase in plasma protein concentrations. The all STZ group was formed to be effective in decreasing blood glucose levels. Plasma insulin concentrations were highered in diabetic rats fed on H2O fraction of DJT. Plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were lower in the vitamin E group than the STZ-control group. The plasma cholesterol levels of all STZ groups were not significantly different and HDL-cholesterol levels were increased in all STZ groups fed on H2O fraction of DJT and vitamin E, specially in the DJT-vit. E group. The all STZ group does not significantly change aminotransferase activity of diabetic rats. These results indicated that DJT was a potential candidate for a treatment of diabetes which can enhance insulin activity The effect of vitamin E on insulin activity will be examined in more detail.

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The interaction of Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (rs12286037) and lifestyle modification on plasma triglyceride levels in Japanese

  • Yamasaki, Masayuki;Mutombo, Paulin Beya wa Bitadi;Iwamoto, Mamiko;Nogi, Akiko;Hashimoto, Michio;Nabika, Toru;Shiwaku, Kuninori
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.379-384
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    • 2015
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. To investigate this matter, we studied APOA5 T-1131C and plasma TG levels of subjects participating in a three-month lifestyle modification program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A three-month lifestyle modification program was conducted with 297 participants (Age: 57±8years) in Izumo City, Japan, from 2001-2007. Changes in energy balance (the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure) and BMI were used to evaluate the participants' responses to the lifestyle modification. RESULTS: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma TG levels were significantly different at baseline among three genotype subgroups: TT, 126±68mg/dl; TC, 134±74mg/dl; and CC, 172±101mg/dl. Lifestyle modification resulted in significant reductions in plasma TG levels in the TT, TC, and CC genotype subgroups: 21.9±61.0mg/dl, 20.9±51.0mg/dl, and 42.6±78.5mg/dl, respectively, with no significant differences between them. In a stepwise regression analysis, age, APOA5 T-1131C, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the 18:1/18:0 ratio showed independent association with plasma TG levels at baseline. In a general linear model analysis, APOA5 T-1131C C-allele carriers showed significantly greater TG reduction with decreased energy balance than wild type carriers after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline plasma TG levels. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic effects of APOA5 T-1131C independently affected plasma TG levels. However, lifestyle modification was effective in significantly reducing plasma TG levels despite the APOA5 T-1131C genotype background.

Effect of submerged culture of Ceriporia lacerata mycelium on GLUT4 protein in db/db mouse (db/db 마우스에서 Ceriporia lacerata 균사체 배양액이 GLUT4 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Eun Ji;Kim, Ji-Eun;Kim, Ji-Hye;Park, Yong Man;Yoon, Sung Kyoon;Jang, Byeong-Churl;Lee, Sam-Pin;Kim, Byoung-Cheon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.893-900
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    • 2015
  • In this study, we evaluated the antidiabetic effect of a submerged culture of Ceriporia lacerata mycelium (CL01) on hematological indices, as well as protein and mRNA expression of the insulin-signaling pathway, in db/db mice. After CL01 was administrated for 4 weeks, blood glucose levels decreased consistently, and plasma insulin and c-peptide levels each decreased by roughly 55.8%, 40% of those in the negative control (p<0.05). With regard to HOMA-IR, an insulin resistance index, insulin resistance of the CL01-fed group improved over that of the negative control group by about 62% (p<0.05). In addition, we demonstrated that the protein expression levels of pIR, pAkt, pAMPK, and GLUT4 and the mRNA expression levels of Akt2, IRS1, and GLUT4 in the muscle cells of db/db mice increased in the CL01-fed group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. These results demonstrate that CL01 affects glucose metabolism, upregulates protein and gene expression in the insulin-signaling pathway, and decreases blood glucose levels effectively by improving insulin sensitivity. More than 90% of those who suffer from type 2 diabetes are more likely to suffer from hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, obesity, and other comorbidities because of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is possible that CL01 intake could be used as a fundamental treatment for type 2 diabetes by lowering insulin resistance, and these results may prove be useful as basic evidence for further research into the mechanisms of a cure for type 2 diabetes.

Characteristics of the Anthropometry and Plasma Lipid Profiles of Patients with Simple and Combined Hypercholesterolemia (단순형과 혼합형 고콜레스테롤혈증 환자의 체위 및 혈장지질 특성)

  • 허영란;황금희;임현숙
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 1999
  • Recent epidemiologic and clinical students have shown that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, there is not much data on the characteristics of anthropometry and lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemia patients with hypertiglyceridemia. In this study, 112 hypercholesterolemic subjects(T.C240mg/dl) were divided into two groups by their plasma triglyceride levels. We compared the anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles of the subjects between the two groups : the simples hypercholesterolemic group(SHC, TG<200mg/dl) and the combined hypercholesterolemic group(CHC,TG250mg/dl). The distribution of the subjects into the SHC and CHC groups was 36.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The frequency of the CHC patients decreased with age. The subjects in this group had higher weight, BMI, HWR, cricumferences of mid arm, waist, hip and thigh, and skinfold thicknesses of biceps and triceps than those of the SHC subjects. The difference of plasma total cholesterol level was mainly due to the difference of VLDL-C levels. These differences resulted in the CHC subjects having higher atherogenic indexes and T-C/HDL-C ratios than those of the SHC subjects. Also, the former had higher Apo-B and insulin levels than those the latter. However, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and HDL-C levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that hypercholesterolemic patients with hypertriglyceridemia have riskier lipid profiles for CHD than those of patients with normal triglyceridemia. They also indicate that CHC is closely associated with glucose resistance syndrome(obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia), and more prevalent in young people.

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Lotus leaf alleviates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes mellitus

  • Kim, Ah-Rong;Jeong, Soo-Mi;Kang, Min-Jung;Jang, Yang-Hee;Choi, Ha-Neul;Kim, Jung-In
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.166-171
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast α-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited α-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

Changes of Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor α and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Hypertension Accompanied by Impaired Glucose Tolerance and their Clinical Significance

  • Xiao, Qiang;Wang, Lan-Ping;Ran, Zhang-Shen;Zhang, Xin-Huan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.3389-3393
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    • 2015
  • Background: Chronic inflammation could affect the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. To explore the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their clinical significance. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 patients hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University from Jun., 2013 to Dec., 2014 were selected, in which 92 cases were accompanied by IGT. Meanwhile, 80 randomly-selected healthy people by physical examination were as the control. The levels of routine biochemical indexes, plasma TNF-α and CRP in all subjects were measured. Results: Both systolic and diastolic pressures in hypertension group and hypertension plus IGT group were significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01), but there was no statistical significance between these two groups (p>0.05). The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood glucose 2 h after taking glucose in hypertension plus IGT group were markedly higher than other groups (p<0.01). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TNF-α and CRP contents were on the progressive increase in control, hypertension and hypertension plus IGT groups, but significant differences were presented among each group (P<0.01). Hypertension accompanied by IGT had a significantly-positive association with CRP, TNF-α, FPG and blood glucose 2h after taking glucose. Conclusions: The levels of plasma TNF-α and CPR in patients with hypertension accompanied by IGT increase significantly, indicating that inflammatory reaction in these patient increases, thus suggesting that these patients should be focused regarding cancer prevention.