• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1353-1361
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울지역에 거주하는 건강한 성인 남녀(남자 29명, 여자 10명) 39명을 대상으로 trans 지방산 3.75 g을 각각 첨가한 찹쌀보리빵과 밀빵의 섭취가 혈중 지방산 조성과 지질 수준에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험군은 밀빵 군(19명)과 찹쌀보리빵 군(20명)의 2군으로 분류하였으며 장기(6주) 임상시험으로 시행하였다. 밀빵 군은 밀가루 80 g에 trans 지방산 3.75 g을 첨가한 밀빵을, 찹쌀 보리빵 군은 $\beta$-glucan 5%를 함유한 찹쌀보리가루 40 g과 밀가루 40 g에 trans 지방산 3.75 g 첨가하여 찹쌀보리빵을 조제하여 제공하였다. 찹쌀보리빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취기간이 증가할수록 C18:3c,n-9 지방산을 제외한 지방산들의 농도가 낮아졌으며 특히 섭취 6주경과 후에서는 C16:0, C18:1t, C18:1c, C18:2t와 C18:2c의 농도는 밀빵을 섭취한 군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 밀빵을 섭취한 군에서 섭취기간이 증가할수록 C18:1t, C18:2c, C18:2t의 농도는 증가하는 것으로 나타난 반면 C18:0, C18:1c, C18:3c,n-9과 C18:3c,n-3의 농도는 감소하였고 C16:0와 C18:2c의 농도는 증가 후 일정수준을 유지하여 6주경과 후에서는 섭취 전보다 현저하게 높은 수준을 보였다. P/M/S 비를 보면 섭취4주까지 두 군 모두에서 다가불포화지방산의 비가 증가한 반면 섭취 6주경과 후에서는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 단일불포화지방산의 비는 찹쌀보리빵 군에서는 감소하는 추세이나 밀빵 군에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 혈중 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산 농도가 낮은 수준이었으며 또한 찹쌀보리빵의 섭취는 밀빵의 섭취에 비해 총 콜레스테롤 농도와 TG/HDL-C의 비를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 찹쌀보리에 함유된 $\beta$-glucan이 trans 지방의 체내 흡수율을 저하시키거나 흡수속도를 느리게 하기 때문으로 사료된다. 따라서 이상의 결과에서 가공식품으로부터 공급되는 trans 지방의 체내 농도를 저하시키고 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 농도를 개선시키기 위해서는 밀가루 보다는 찹쌀보리를 활용한 형태로 섭취하는 것이 바람직하다고 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1279-1286
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• 2007

본 연구에서 4주령 ICR 수컷 마우스에 쇠기름과 어유에 단독 또는 0.5% CLA를 첨가한 식이로 4주동안 사육하여 혈장과 간의 지방산 조성과 DSD와 FADS2의 유전자 발현을 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. CLA는 C18:2와 경쟁적으로 지방산의 elongation과 desaturation에 참가하며, CLA의 첨가는 BTC군에서 C20:4수준을 높여주는 효과가 있었다. 또, 지방산의 ${\beta}$-산화에 의해 생성되기도 하는 E22:6은 BTC군에서 간의 C22:6의 함량이 BT군보다 증가하였다. DSD와 FADS2는 쇠기름섭취군(BT, BTC)에서 발현이 유의적으로 증가하였는데, 특히 D5D의 발현은 BTC군이 다른 군보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이에 대한 지방산 전환 또한 BTC 군이 C18:2로부터 C20:4로로 불포화하고 elongation하는 비율이 혈장과 간 모두에서 가장 높았다. 결론적으로 BT에 CLA를 첨가한 경우에 지방산 조성의 변화와 FADS2와 DSD의 발현을 증가시켜 지방산의 불포화도를 높여서 eicosanoids 합성과 항상성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 FO에 CLA첨가시에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.805-825
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• 2023

This experiment aims to investigate the impact of probiotic feed on growth performance, carcass traits, plasma lipid biochemical parameters, intramuscular fat and triglyceride content, fatty acid composition, mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, and the activity of the enzyme in Sunit sheep. In this experiment, 12 of 96 randomly selected Sunit sheep were assigned to receive the basic diet or the basic diet supplemented with probiotics. The results showed that supplementation with probiotics significantly increased the loin eye area, and decreased plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids, increasing the content of intramuscular fat and triglycerides in the muscle and improving the composition of the fatty acids. The inclusion of probiotics in the diet reduced the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 2 (AMPKα2) mRNA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) mRNA, while increasing the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) mRNA, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA, fatty acid synthase mRNA, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA. The results of this study indicate that supplementation with probiotics can regulate fat deposition and improves the composition of fatty acids in Sunit sheep through the signaling pathways AMPK-ACC-CPT1B and AMPK-SREBP-1c. This regulatory mechanism leads to an increase in intramuscular fat content, a restructuring of muscle composition of the fatty acids, and an enhancement of the nutritional value of meat. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the food science of animal resources and provide valuable references for the production of meat of higher nutritional value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1419-1429
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• 2012

A series of studies were carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic extracts (GE) on whole body amino acids, whole body and muscle free amino acids, fatty acid composition and blood plasma changes in 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). In the first experiment, fish with an average body weight of 59.6 g were randomly allotted to each of 10 tanks (two groups of five replicates, 20 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the level of 2% of fish body weight per day for 5 wks. Whole body amino acid composition between the GE and control groups were not different (p>0.05). Among free amino acids in muscle, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in GE than in control. However, total whole body free amino acids were significantly lower in GE than in control (p<0.05). GE group showed higher EPA (C22:6n3) and DHA (C22:5n3) in their whole body than the other group (p<0.05). In the second experiment, the effects of dietary garlic extracts on blood plasma changes were investigated using 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon averaging 56.5 g. Fish were randomly allotted to each of 2 tanks (300 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the rate of 2% of body weight per day for 23 d. At the end of the feeding trial, blood was taken from the tail vein (n = 5, per group) at 1, 12, and 24 h after feeding, respectively. Blood plasma glucose, insulin and the other serological characteristics were also measured to assess postprandial status of the fish. Plasma glucose concentrations (mg/dl) between two groups (GE vs control) were significantly (p< 0.05) different at 1 (50.8 vs 62.4) and 24 h (57.6 vs 73.6) after feeding, respectively, while no significant difference (p>0.05) were noticed at 12 h (74.6 vs 73.0). Plasma insulin concentrations (${\mu}IU$/ml) between the two groups were significantly (p<0.05) different at 1 (10.56 vs 5.06) and 24 h (32.56 vs 2.96) after feeding. The present results suggested that dietary garlic extracts could increase dietary glucose utilization through the insulin secretion, which result in improved fish body quality and feed utilization by juvenile sterlet sturgeon.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1991

Twenty college women were led experimental diet which composed ot basal diet plus different kinds of dietary rats at 27% Cal. Equal amount of 13.5g of corn oil, perilla oil or fish oil was supplied for 2 weeks as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA). n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid (LL). or n3 EPA + DHA. respectively. Plasma total Chol level was reduced by perilla and fish oils, significantly only by fish oil. Plasma Chol level was rather increased by corn oil(P<0.05), but was decreased by double amount of corn oil supplement. Therefore, hypocholesterolemic effect of fatty acids was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA>n3 LL>n6 LA and influenced by the degree of fat unsaturation. Plasma TG level was also significantly decreased by n3 EPA+ DHA and increased by n6 LA. Hypotriglyceridemic effect of fatty acids was also in the order of n3 EPA + DHA> n3 LL>n6 LA and influenced by the unsaturation. However, the reduction of plasma TG was more influenced by the fatty acid structure rather than the fat unsaturation. There were no significant effects on lipoprotein pattern 3nd chemical compositions of lipoprotein by different dietary PUFAs. but fish oil diet significantly increased the relative proportion of HDL-Chol. In conclusion. cholesterol- lowering effect of dietary PUFAS seemed to be a function of total fat unsaturation but hypotriglyceridemic effect seemed to be more linked to the ratty acid structure rather than the degree of unsaturation. The hypolipidemic effect of n3 PUFAs was significant so that fish oil or perilla oil may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

Modifications in dietary fatty acid intake might lead to a modification in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between different type of oil consumption and leukocyte membrane phospholipid composition. This study was carried out in subjects utilizing butter (n = 15), margarine (n = 15), fluid oil (n = 15) and mixed types of oils (n = 15) in total 60 subjects. Leukocytes were separated from total blood by dextran sedimentation method. Membrane lipids and proteins were isolated following the cell disruption. Fatty acids of membrane phospholipids were isolated by hydrolysation with phospholipase B under ultrasonic dismembranator. Free fatty acids were identified with gas chromatography at chloroform phase. The results obtained were compared with data obtained by chromatograms of the standards. Results more prominent values of arachidic, dihomo-$\gamma$-linolenic and palmitoleic acids were found in butter-or mixed oil-user groups; eicosadienoic, eicosamonoenoic, dihomo-$\gamma$-linolenic and behenic acids in fluid oil; heptanoic, valeric, eicosadienoic and linolenic acids in margarine groups. The fatty acid composition of mixed oil was similar to butter, while other two oils were so different. From this study, it was concluded that the type of oil consumption might have an influence on phospholipid components of plasma membranes.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2022

This study investigated the influence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and progesterone on acrosome reaction and proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition boar sperm. The sperm were diluted with semen extender and incubated with NaHCO₃ and progesterone at 38℃, 5% CO₂ for 6 h. Plasma membrane integrity and acrosome reaction were analyzed using SYBR14/propidium iodide (PI) and FITC-PNA/PI doubling staining method, and proportion of PUFA was analyzed using gas chromatography. In results, Plasma membrane integrity was significantly decreased in 50 mM NaHCO₃ group and acrosome reaction was significantly increased by over the 100 mM NaHCO₃ group compared to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, progesterone significantly increased decreased plasma membrane integrity at 100 mM progesterone and acrosome reaction at over the 5.0 µM progesterone (p < 0.05), but there was no difference among the 5.0 to 100 µM groups. PUFAs were significantly decreased in 100 mM NaHCO₃ and 50 µM progesterone treatments compared to control group. In summary NaHCO₃ and progesterone induce acrosome reaction and reduce PUFA composition in boar sperm, therefore, the results maybe help to understand basically knowledge for the acrosome reaction and PUFA composition in boar sperm.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

1. 수축기 혈압은 운동을 하고 있는 군에서 약간 낮았으나 이완기 혈압은 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 체지방량이 낮게 나타난 반면 제지방량은 변화가 없어 운동 여부에 의한 차이가 거의 보이지 않았다. 또 혈중 포도당 함량은 규칙적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 다소 높은 수준이었다. 2. 체지방율은 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에 서 유의성은 없었지만 약간 낮았으며 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 농도 역시 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. HDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 두 군 모두 거의 비슷한 수준으로 군간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았던 반면 LDL 콜레스테롤의 경우 운동에 의해서 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 규칙적인 운동에 의해서 HDL-Chol/Total-Chol 비율은 증가되었으며 LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol의 비율은 낮았다. 3. 혈액중 지단백질의 상대적인 분포는 HDL(%)의 경우 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 일반 여대생에 비해 거의 차이가 없었고 LDL(%)는 유의성 있게 낮았던 반면 VLDL( %)는 오히려 높게 나타났다. Plasma의 지방산 조성중 포화 지방산 함량은 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 약간 높았지만 다가 불포화 지방산 함량은 같은 수준으로 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1995

Canola(Brassica napus) 엽에서 추출한 미세막으로부터 PEG-dextran 2상분획법을 이용하여 세포막과 세포내막을 분리하였다. U$_2$ 상에 있는 원형질막의 $K^{+}$-ATPase의 특이활성도가 미세막에 비하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 자란 canola는 6.6배, 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 4.6배 각각 증가되었다. 원형질막(U$_2$)은 미세막이나 세포내막(L$_2$) 보다 cytochrome-c-oxidase 활성이 적게 나타난 반면, 세포내막에서는 $K^{+}$-ATPase의 특이활성도가 가장 적게 나타났다. 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 생장한 canola의 18:3/18:2 률은 $25^{\circ}C$보다 29.2% 더 높게 나타났다. 원형질막의 2중결합지수는 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 생장한 canola가 $25^{\circ}C$에서 생장한 것보다 8.9% 더 증가되었으며 세포내막에서도 같은 경향으로써 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 19.7% 더 증가되는 현상을 보였다. 또한 엽록소 함량은 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 생장한 것이 $25^{\circ}C$에 비하여 17.3% 낮았다. Canola가 저온에서 생장시 주로 $C_{18}$ 지방산들이 변화되어, 세포막 내에 불포화 지방산이 많았으며, 그 중에서도 리롤렌산(18:3)이 크게 변화되는 현상을 보였다. 이러한 변화는 생리적으로 canola의 세포막이 저온에 살아가기 위한 하나의 수단으로 추정된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2012

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.