• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.9-36
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment. Thus, this study is expressed by using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice which have histological and clinical similarities to that of humans have been used. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology, serum total IgE and IgG1 of the mouse was evaluated, and cytokine levels, total number of the cells, immunohistochemical staining, histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), and a dorsal skin tissue of the mouse were analyzed. Results Oral administration of JUJSTK and concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ lowered the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, and serum total of IgE & IgG1, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17. In addition, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of $CD3e^+$ T cell, $CD4^+$ Th cell, $CD8^+$ c/sT cell, $CD3^+CCR3^+$ cell, $CCR3^+$ cell, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CXCR5^+$ in ALN, PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ in dorsal skin tissue, Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue and gene expression of IL-5 mRNA, IL-13 mRNA in ALN were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis infiltrated inflammatory immune cell & mast cell in dermis, histological infiltration of mast cell, the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells & plasma cells in ALN and histological infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ALN and dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased as well. Conclusions Concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivoexperiment by using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective as an atopic dermatitis treatment.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-114
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-93
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• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to this condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis (AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results In vivo, clinical skin severity score was significantly lower in the KKHS group than in the control group. IgE, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum decreased remarkably in the KKHS group than in the control group, and the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ production which is secreted from Th1 cell was increased by KKHS. After this experiment we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It results that the total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as much as normal state, and the level of $CD3^+CD69^+$ in isolated DLN and PBMCs were significantly decreased, and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by KKHS. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E), toluidine staining (mast cells marker). KKHS were very effective to the histological symptoms which are in dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ear thickness was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells (ILC) and plasma cells (PC) in DLN were also decreased. Conclusions KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effectiveness to the atopy dermatitis treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.750-756
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• 2010

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and one Chinese herbal saponin, Acantbepanax senticosus saponin (ASS), on the immunity and growth performance of weaned pigs. Experiment 1 was a 14-day growth assay, in which 32 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; ii) 0.05% APS; iii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight; and iv) 0.05% mixture of APS, ASS, and ABPS in a ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to determine plasma parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were also determined. Experiment 2 was a 21-day immunity assay, in which 16 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; and ii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight. On day 21, pigs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 3 h later blood samples were collected and analyzed for lymphocyte proliferation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. In Experiment 1, feeding Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin increased growth performance of the pigs. The effects of the mixture of APS and ASS were especially notable, as there was a significant improvement in growth performance compared with the control (p<0.05). The plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were increased in all treatments groups, with the mixture of APS and ASS increasing the level of IgG and NOS significantly (p<0.05), compared with the control. There was no difference in the NO level between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin showed immunostimulating effects. The level of cortisol, GH, and IGF-I were significantly increased (p>0.05), and the level of IL-6 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the APS and ASS treatment after the LPS challenge. The mixture of APS and ASS could stimulate the blood lymphocyte proliferation significantly whether the LPS was injected or not (p<0.05). These results show that Chinese herbal extracts can improve growth performance and stimulate immunity of weaned pigs. A mixture of APS and ASS, compared with APS alone, could be a new kind of immunostimulant for weaned pigs, which could result in greater positive effects on their growth performance and immunity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2003

본 연구는 SD계 흰쥐를대상으로 전분을 식이 무게의 50%로 주면서 일반 옥수수전분을 고아밀로오스 옥수수전분으로 대치시 켜 RS양을 증가시켰을 때, 지방대사와 면역능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 식이섭취량이나 식이 효율에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 최종 체중은 대조군에 비해 HA100군에서 감소하는 경향이었다. 맹장무게와 하루 변배설량은 식이내 HAS량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 맹장내용물의 pH는 식이 내 HAS량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈장 내 총 지방, 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤량은 HAS섭취가 증가하면 감소하였으나 HDL-콜레스테롤량과 간내 총 지방, 중성 지방, 콜레스테롤량은 HAS섭취에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 변을 통한 총 콜레스테롤의 배설량은 HA50군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 면역 기관인 흉선과 비장의 무게와 혈장의 Ig G와 $C_3$농도는 식이에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 비장세포의 증식 능력을 보았을 때 PHA에 의한 자극에는 식이의 영향이 없었으나 저용량의 Con A로 자극하였을 때 HA25, HA50에서 증식이 유의적으로 낮았고, 배양액 내 PGE$_2$의 생산량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 종합해보면, HAS의 섭취는 체중감소의 효과가 있는 것으로 보이며, 맹장의 무게를 증가시키고, 맹장 내 pH를 낮추고, 혈액내 지방성분을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2004

ECR-PECVD 방법을 이용하여 ECR power, $CH_4/H_2$ 가스 혼합비와 유량, 증착시간을 고정 시켜놓고 기판 bias 전압을 변화 시켜가면서 유리 기판위에 DLC 박막을 제작하였다. Raman, FTIR 및 UV/Vis 스펙트럼을 측정하여 기판 bias 진압에 따른 이용 충돌이 박막의 특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. FTIR 분석결과로부터 기판 bias 전압을 증가시킬수록 이용충돌 현상이 두드러져 탄소와 결합하고 있던 수소원자들의 탈수소화 현상을 확인할 수 있었고, 박막의 두께는 bias 전압을 증가시킬수록 감소되었다. 그리고 Raman 스펙트럼으로부터 Gaussian curve fitting을 통하여 sp3/sp2의 결합수에 비례하는 D/G피크의 면적 강도비(ID/IG)는 기판 bias 전압을 증가시킬수록 증가하였다. 그리고 광 투과율은 증착시간을 길게 할수록, 기판 bias 전압을 크게할수록 감소하였으나, 박막의 밀도가 증가하고 더 매끄러운 DLC 박막이 형성되었다. 이 결과로부터 DLC 박막은 기판 bias 전압의 크기를 증가시킬수록 특성이 더 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

본 실험은 감초와 구기자 복합제 수준별 급여가 육계의 생산성, 혈액성상, 면역성상 및 장내 미생물 균총에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 육계(ROSS 308) 750수를 공시하여 3처리 5반복으로 반복당 50수씩 완전 임의 배치하여 자유 섭식하게 하였으며, 35일간 전기(0~21일), 후기(22~35일)로 나누어 실시하였다. 처리구는 HM 0.0, 0.5 및 1.0% 첨가구 총 3처리구로 구성하였다. 35일 시험결과, Stater 급여기간(0 to 21d) 동안에는 증체량은 사료 내 LF and GU mixture 수준이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였으며(quadratic, P<0.05), 사료 요구율 역시 유의하게 감소하였다(quadratic, P<0.05). 전 기간(0 to 35 d)에서는 증체량은 사료 내 HM 수준이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였으며(linear and quadraric, P<0.05), 사료 섭취량과 사료 요구율은 처리 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 혈액 성상 중 leukocytes 함량들은 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 혈장 IgG 함량은 사료 내 LF and GU mixture 수준이 증가함에 따라(quadratic, P<0.05) 증가하였다. 또한 유익균인 Lactobacillus 함량은 사료 내 LF and GU mixture 수준이 증가함에 따라(linear, P<0.05) 증가하였으며, 유해균인 Escherichia coli 함량은 감소하였다(quadratic, P<0.01). 결론적으로 LF and GU mixture은 육계의 성장 개선에 효과적이었으며, 면역성상 중 IgG를 향상시키는 효과와 장내 미생물 균총 환경 개선이 효과적이었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 혈장이나 양수에 있는 $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP)을 인식 할 수 있는 모노클로날 항체를 제조하고, 모노클로날 항체를 이용한 효소면역분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 양수로부터 얻은 AFP를 쥐에 주사한 후 비장을 분리하여 종양세포 (Sp2/O-Ag-14)와 융합하였고, 하이브리도마 기술을 이용하여 모노클로날 항체를 제조하였다. 모노클로날 항체를 클로닝하였으며, 생성된 항체를 MabF22로 명명하였고, IgG1 중사슬과 k 경사슬의 isotype을 나타냈다. 또한 immunoblotting 방법과 ELISA로 특이도를 조사한 결과 모노클로날 항체는 AFP와만 반응하였고, 결합 친화상수는 0.8$\times$$10^{-10}$M이었다. 두 종류의 효소면역분석법 -경쟁적 또는 비경쟁적 분석 -을 이용하여 항체의 효용성을 조사하였으며, 두 방법 모두 AFP와 농도에 비례하여 반응하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 생산된 모노클로날 항체는 연구목적으로 뿐만 아니라 AFP 농도를 측정하기 위한 면역진단시약의 개발에도 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.786-791
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• 2010

The effects of fermented garlic powder on production performance, egg quality, blood profiles and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. Two-hundred and forty (ISA brown) layers aged 41 weeks were randomly allocated into the following four treatments: i) CON (basal diet); ii) G1 (CON+fermented garlic powder 1.0%); iii) G2 (CON+fermented garlic powder 2.0%) and iv) G3 (CON+fermented garlic powder 3.0%). There were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments in egg production, egg weight, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness throughout the whole experimental period. However, yolk height was increased significantly (p<0.05) by the addition of fermented garlic powder during the 5th week while yolk color was greater (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in CON and G1 in the 5th week. Compared with CON, Haugh unit was increased (p<0.05) in response to fermented garlic powder treatments during the 5th week. No significant effects on total protein, albumin and IgG were observed in response to any of the treatments over the experimental period (p>0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration when the dietary level of fermented garlic powder was increased from 0.0 to 3.0%. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in response to G2 and G3 while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 treatment groups than in CON and G1. Compared with other treatments, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.05) in G3. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that addition of fermented garlic powder reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and did not cause adverse effects on production performance. Moreover, addition of 3.0% garlic powder decreased SFA but increased PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio in egg yolk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.