• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2015

The nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS regions and chloroplast rbcL, matK and psbA-trnH regions of 30 individuals of Dendrobium moniliforme from several localities in four countries and 28 related species of Dendrobium were compared to investigate the genetic differences among Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese D. moniliforme, and to verify the homogeneity of D. moniliforme, which is used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Korean D. moniliforme and Japanese D. moniliforme form a monophyletic group, with no significant differences between their nucleotide sequences. This confirms that they are the same species. However, the Chinese and Taiwanese D. moniliforme were polyphyletic. Various species related to D. moniliforme were located between the Korean-Japanese D. moniliforme and the Chinese-Taiwanese D. moniliforme, and other related species were found between individuals of Chinese-Taiwanese D. moniliforme. D. moniliforme is described in Japan, providing evidence that the Korean-Japanese D. moniliforme is the original species. In addition, our data suggest that the Chinese-Taiwanese D. moniliforme complex is a mixture of a range of other species. Further studies are required to understand the taxonomic identity of this species. In the Korean-Japanese D. moniliforme, there were almost no genetic differences among the localities, whereas the genetic heterogeneity was high among individuals of the Chinese-Taiwanese D. moniliforme.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.300-318
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• 2019

Many infraspecific taxa within Lespedeza maximowiczii and hybrids with related species have been described, but taxonomic verification remains controversial. We examined the morphological traits of hybrids (L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor) and infraspecific taxa (var. tomentella, elongata, and tricolor) and analyzed their genetic structures using microsatellite loci. Flower and leaflet shapes in var. tomentella and elongata were within the range of variation of those in var. maximowiczii, and individuals in the two former varieties were grouped into var. maximowiczii. Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor was similar to L. buergeri in terms of the structure and flower color, whereas the leaflet and bracteole shapes of var. tricolor were similar to those of var. maximowiczii. Based on the genetic structure (K = 3), var. tricolor had a mixed lineage with L. maximowiczii and L. buergeri. In addition, these formed a distinct lineage at K = 5. For two hybrids, the flower and leaflet structure in L. chiisanensis did not differ from those in L. maximowiczii, whereas the flowers of L. patentibicolor were within the range of variation of L. bicolor. In addition, L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor were assigned to L. maximowiczii and L. bicolor, respectively, based on the genetic structure. We treated var. tomentella and elongata as a forma, f. friebeana, because L. friebeana preceded var. tomentella, whereas var. tricolor was treated as a distinct species, L. tricolor. Lespedeza chiisanensis was recognized as a synonym of L. maximowiczii. Lespedeza patentibicolor was considered to be L. bicolor.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.56-79
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• 2020

Baekdudaegan, the largest mountain range in eastern Asia, is a biodiversity hotspot in Korea that may have served as a glacial refugium. This study presents the flora of vascular plants on Deok-chi upto the Yuk-sim-nyeong area of the Baekdudaegan conservation area. The survey area was divided into four subareas and fieldwork was conducted for a total of twelve days in 2015. Voucher specimens were collected during the survey and were deposited at Daejeon University. A list of vascular plants was prepared based on the voucher specimens. The results of the survey showed that a total of 441 taxa, consisting of 100 families, 265 genera, 398 species, 9 subspecies, 32 varieties, and 2 forms, were found in the survey area. There was one endangered species, Aconitum coreanum, in the Bonghwasan Mt. area. Sixteen endemic taxa, 74 floristic regional indicator plants, as designated by the Ministry of the Environment, and eleven naturalized plants were distributed. The results of this study can serve as basic information to establish conservation and management plans for the Baekdudaegan conservation area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.260-268
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• 2002

Morphological characteristics and growth patterns of 20 Polygonatum collections indigenous to Korea were examined and the collections were classified to obtain the basic data for practical use of Polygonatum genetic resources. Based on the cluster analysisi 20 collections were distinctly classified into seven groups with average distance greater than 0.6 between groups. Group I was p. sibiricum Delar, and group II included p. odoratum var. pluriforum Ohwi, P. odoratum var. pturiforum Ohwi 'Variegata' and P. odoratum var. maximowiczii Koidz.. Group III was P. odoratum var. thunbergii Hara, group IV included P. lasianthum var. coreanum Nakai, and group V was P. involucratum Maxim. and P. desoulavyi Komarov. group Ⅵ was P. inflatum Komarov and group Ⅶ was P. humile Fischer ex. Maxim. Morphologically, group I was larger than the other groups, group II and III were medium, and group IV to Ⅶ were small. In the classification of genus Polyognatum, stem length, stem habit, phyllotaxis, stem angularity, petiole, inflorescence, perianth, bract and rhizome were particularly important characters. Group I to III were thought to be useful as the edible and medicinal resources plants, and group IV to Ⅶ were thought to be useful as ornamental plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.197-222
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• 2008

A recently published Korean Flora, "The genera of vascular plants of Korea (GFK)", includes the descriptions and keys for 217 families, 1,044 genera, and 3,209 species of Korean vascular plants. We reclassified these taxa according to the recent APG classification system, which resulted in 64 orders, 204 families, 1,044 genera and 3,209 species. Twenty-two families from the GFK were abandoned because of changes to the familial delimitations in the APG system. In contrast, the number of families in the Liliaceous group was increased. The Liliaceae in the GFK included 31 genera and 109 species. These taxa are now assigned to 10 families in four different orders including Liliales, Asparagales, Alismatales, and Dioscoreales because of the drastic changes to the monocot classification system in the past 20 years. In addition, the family name of the Aucubaceae was changed to Garryaceae. As a result, the number of families in the GFK has been reduced to 204. The results were summarized in four tables and two figures at the levels of unofficial higher taxonomic hierarchies, orders, families and genera. This new information can provide a guidelines for selecting the phylogenetic analysis unit for the Korean tree of life (KTOL) project. Futhermore, the updated classification system also provides an important summarization for the systematic community for placing the Korean flora in a modern phylogenetic context.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

Somatic chromosome numbers for 20 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. were investigated for the purpose of classification. Somatic chromosome numbers of treated taxa were 2n = 16, 18, 34, 36, 50, 52, 54, and therefore their basic chromosome numbers were x = 8, 9, 10, 13, 17. The chromosome number of A. japonica var. angustissima is being reported for the first time in this study. The chromosome numbers of 13 taxa were the same as in previous reports; A. capillaris (2n = 18), A. japonica var. hallaisanensis (2n = 36), A. japonica subsp. littoricola (2n = 36), A. annua (2n = 18), A. carvifolia (2n = 18), A. fukudo (2n = 16), A. keiskeana (2n = 18), A. stolonifera (2n = 36), A. sylvatica(2n = 16), A. selengensis (2n = 36), A. montana (2n = 52), A. lancea (2n = 16), A. sieversiana (2n = 18); however, the chromosome numbers of 6 taxa were different; A. japonica var. japonica (2n = 18, 36 vs 2n = 36), A. sacrorum (2n = 18, 54 vs 2n = 54), A. rubripes (2n = 16, 34 vs 2n = 16), A. indica (2n = 34, 36 vs 2n = 34), A. codonocephala (2n = 18, 50, 54 vs 2n = 50), A. argyi (2n = 34, 36, 50 vs 2n =34). The somatic chromosome numbers of Korean Artemisia are thought to be good characteristics for classifying some taxa such as A. japonica var. japonica, A. sacrorum, A. codonocephala, A. argyi, A. montana, A. sylvatica.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.264-276
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• 2009

To elucidate the distribution of halophytes in Korea, we surveyed 95 coastal salt marsh and sand dune areas. As a result, 62 halophytes of 57 species, 4 varieties and 1 form belonging to 44 genera and 21 families were recorded from coastal regions and islands of South Korea. Of these, 33 taxa were plants growing on sand dunes and the other 29 in salt marsh. Fifty eight taxa were found on the west coast, which was surveyed at 61 areas. The most common species among them were Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, Suaeda japonica Makino, Phragmites communis Trin., Zoysia sinica Hance, Carex scabrifolia Steud. in salt marsh, and Salsola komarrovii Iljin, Lathyrus japonicus Willd., Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) A.A. Bulloc, Calystegia soldanella Roem. & Schult. on sand dunes. On the other hand, only 45 taxa were found on the southern coast, surveyed at 15 areas. On the east coast, surveyed at 13 areas, 44 taxa were found. The most common species were Salsola komarrovii Iljin, Lathyrus japonicus Willd., Calystegia soldanella Roem. & Schult., on sand dunes and Linaria japonica Miq., which on the Korean peninsula is found only on the east coast. On Jeju Island, surveyed at 6 areas, 30 taxa of halophytes were found. Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. is found in Korea only on Jeju Island. About half of the Korean halophytes were members of three families (Chenopodiaceae: 12 species, Poaceae: 12 species and Asteraceae: 7 species).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.277-291
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• 2009

The flora in the region of Songnisan National Park ($N36^{\circ}28^{\prime}05^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}36^{\circ}46^{\prime}38^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, $E\;127^{\circ}47^{\prime}06^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}127^{\circ}57^{\prime}50^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) was surveyed from April 2000 to July 2006. Vascular plants in 26 collections included a total of 723 taxa: 115 families, 392 genera, 629 species, 4 subspecies, 72 varieties and 18 forms. Ninety-three of these taxa were first records for the region. In the flora of Songnisan National Park, 27 taxa were Korean endemic plants, 19 taxa were rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Forty-five of the taxa were with the levels III, IV, V in the floristic regional indicator plants which was designated by Korean Ministry of Environment, and 29 taxa were alien plants now naturalized in Korea. Owing to their unusual phytogeography and low number of populations, the taxa Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel., Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Baker & S.Moore, Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Phacellanthus tubiflorus Siebold & Zucc., Lilium cernuum Kom., Gastrodia elata Blume and Cephalanthera erecta var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kud ) Ohwi were considered the most important. Based on these results, it is clear that appropriate plans to conserve the natural habitat of Songnisan National Park must be made immediately.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.344-354
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• 2019

In seven species of Korean Asarum, 44 qualitative and 28 quantitative characters were reviewed taxonomically. Among 44 qualitative characters observed in vegetative and reproductive organs, the states of 27 characters were common in all the seven species. Among 28 quantitative characters, five characters have the same values in all the seven species; the number of cataphyll (2-4), leaf (2), calyx lobe (5), stamen (12) and pistil (6). White spots on adaxial surface of leaf (effectively) distinguished A. maculatum and A. versicolor from the other species. Many long soft hairs on abaxial surface of leaf distinguished A. mandshuricum from other species with short hairs. The glandular hairs on inner surface of calyx tube were divided into 2 types, reflecting the taxonomic relationships between the species: Type 1 has non-stalked glandular hairs (A. maculatum, A. sieboldii and A. sp.), and Type 2 has stalked glandular hairs (A. patens, A. versicolor, A. mandshuricum and A. misandrum). The length, shape, colour of calyx lobe and the extent to which the calyx lobe recurves, as well as the diameter and colour of calyx tube throat, were confirmed to be taxonomically valuable. In the case of glandular hair density on the surface of calyx lobe, A. patens with low density and A. sp. with high density were clearly distinct from all the other species with intermediate hair density. Meanwhile, the stylar protuberance length of A. patens (2.9-3.3 mm) was strikingly different from other species (1.4-2.5 mm). Additionally, further examination of the identities of A. yeonbyeonense and A. yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum is required.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2005

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate interspecific relationships in 40 populations of Viola including 35 Korean taxa, four Japanese populations and one outgroup using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. Subsection Trigonocarpae of section Nomimium appeared as the most basal clade within the Korean Viola. Section Dischidium and Chamaemelanium was monophyletidbootstrap 100%) and placed between subsect. Trigonocarpae and three other subsections of sect. Nomimium. Sect. Nomimium was paraphyletic. Although each subsectional grouping was in accordance with previous infrageneric classification based on morphological characters, yet discordance remained at the series level. Two evolutionary trends observed in the ITS tree were as follows. First, subsect. Trigonocarpae(x=10) was derived from the outgroup(x=6); Second, subsects. Bilobatae and Vaginatae(x=10 or 12), and subsect. Patellares(x=12) of sect. Nomimium were originated from sects. Dischidium and Chamaemelanium(x=6). Viola albida complex including three very closely related taxa was recognized as independent group within subsect. Patellares in parsimony tree. This result suggested that they should be treated as a taxa in series Pinnatae. Phylogenetic position of a putative hybrid species, Viola woosanensis was not supported with previous morphological hypothesis.