• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1979

The possibility of utilizing greet amount of by-product of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. meyer) plant-that is, production of ter from ginseng leaf, was studied and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Ginseng leaf contains more soluble matter than tea leaf (Thea sinensis) and the soluble matter is easily extracted by hot water. 2. Ginseng leaf has less tannin (2.2%) than yea leaf (7.89%). Therefore, it has less astringency than tea. 3. Vitamin C content of ginseng leaf is not compared with that of tea leaf. In fact, ginseng leaf contains Vitamin C $50{\sim}110$ times of tea leaf. 4. Ginseng leaf contains $5.7{\sim}8.5%$ glycoside (dammaranes) and the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol is $0.54{\sim}0.75$ that is, panaxatriol contents is high. 5. For the acceptability of the product related with the soluble matter contents and color the method of extracting 2g of ginseng leaf product in 200ml of water for 3 minutes is recommended. 6. As a result of evaluating the flavor characteristics and effective components of the products, product D which is produced by the process of steaming, drying and roasting is considered to have the best quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2004

With a recent well-being boom, our interest in chemical-free vegetables is also increasing. So, some people are trying to take in wild plants chosen by themselves. However, others often come to their rescue in an emergency department after eating them, caused by their misunderstanding poisonous herbs as edible vegetables. We have ever seen two persons carried into the emergency department with bradycardia and shock incurred by his intake by confusion between Caltha palustris and Ligularia fischeri lately. There were symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and so on in their cases, and the symptoms of bradycardia and hypotension continued. Owing to sustained bradycardia and hypotension states, we applied a dopamine to a patient, and then the in-patient left the hospital two days later. We presumed the cause of the two symptoms appeared in two cases to be a saponin in Caltha palustris. For that reason, if someone has the bradycardia and hypotension symptoms from an unknown cause after taking in wild plants, they have to consider a toxication by the Caltha palustris. Therefore, this paper focused on the issue that unexpected poisoning would have to be prevented by studying about wild plants much more and informing the toxic risk from the plants.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

Earworm is very useful animal in soil ecosystem, however it is harmful for golf courses because they introduce many cast on turfgrass that reduces turf uniformity and play quality. However, no information has found on earthworm diversity and seasonal fluctuation in different Korean golf courses. In this study, we focused to carry out earthworm species composition and seasonal population structure in turfgrass of golf courses. During spring and fall season survey with direct digging and tea saponin drenching sampling in 5 different golf courses, 6 species under 3 families of earthworms were collected. Earthworm species composition and density was different among the golf courses. Aporrectodea caliginosa in Lumbricidae was dominant species in Anseong and Dongrae Benest Golf Club; however Amynthas carnosus in Megascolecidae was dominant species in Anyang and Glenrose Golf Club. Ap. caliginosa was collected only aclitellum in July and Am. carnosus was collected aclitellum and clitellum in August in golf courses. Seasonal population of earthworm was different depending on earthworm species (Am. hupeiensis was the highest in August and Ap. caliginosa was in April) however small number of collected earthworm species were not dominant trend in golf courses.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.2 s.86
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• pp.163-170
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• 2005

Soybean is an important plant as the source of protein and oil, as well as phytochemicals such as genistien, daidzein, phenolic acids, phytic acid, tocopherol, and saponin. Chungkukjang, a fermented soybean paste, is common in Korean meals and bacillus is usually used in the fermentation of steamed soybean. For its processing, whole soybeans are boiled in water until the beans are soft, and then the drained beans are wrapped with rice straw or starter and set in a warm place at $65^{\circ}C\;for\;3\;\~\;4\;days$. Normally, the remaining cooked water which was drained from the steamed beans is discarded. We supposed that this water possesses hish amounts of useful components, and we therefore developed a modified method using the cooked water. After fermentation, we added the remaining cooked water which had been drained from the beans to the fermented soy beans and boiled them together. To investigate the bio-functionality of the modified Chungkukjang, the total antioxidative activity, isoflavones contents, phenolic acids, and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) were measured at each stage of the preparation of chungkukjang. The original and modified chungkukjang possessed a high antioxidative activity compared with the other samples, as did the drained water after steaming of the soybean. The contents of genistein, daidzein, and phenolic acids, which contained antioxidative activity, were also increased in the original chungkukjang and their contents were similar in the modified chungkukjang. The content of 3-DG was increased in the modified chungkukjang compare with the original. It is suggested that the active soybean components delivered to the drained water during the steaming process were useful for increasing the bio-functionality of the modified chungkukjang.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to increase aromatics in roots of Condonopsis lanceolata by applications of organic matters. Fresh root wt. was increased by conifer/moss application to 79.1g per plant. Crude protein content was also higher at rice straw application than native soil application and crude saponin content was increased by conifer/moss application, but contents of crude fat, fiber and ash were not different in all treatments. Although contents of K, Ca, and Mg were increased by rice straw application, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu were not significantly different in all treatments, The highest free amino acid was arginine, it was increased by the application of fallen leaves and the highest yield (0,008%) of essential oils was obtained by conifer/moss application. As a result, to produce C. lanceolata plant showing higher quality and aromatic essential oils, it was considered that the most effective organic matter showing high yield and higher aromatic constituents was conifer/moss application of over 3M/T per 10a.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.396-400
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• 2009

Dodok (Codonopsis lanceolata Bench. et Hook) root contains abundant pharmaceutical substances and is widely used as a food and a medicinal herb. To identify the major components, fermented Codonopsis lanceolata was analyzed for its chemical compositions prior to their pharmaceutical substances, which were used as the fundamental data. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 79.3%, 13.0%, 2.40% and 5.3%, respectively. The calories of fermented Codonopsis lanceolata was 390.5 kcal. Total dietary fiber was 47.4% of total carbohydrates. The protein was composed of 18 different amino acids. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 8,118.18 mg and 10,913.42 mg. The K was the largest mineral followed by P, Ca and Mg, which means fermented Codonopsis lanceolata is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 37.76%, 3.84%, and 35.64%, respectively. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The content of crude saponin in fermented Codonopsis lanceolata was 60.1 mg/g. It is expected that a follow up study on fermented Codonopsis lanceolata through development and evaluation of processed foods for their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.