• Title/Summary/Keyword: plant pathogenic fungi.

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Contribution to the Checklist of Soil-inhabiting Fungi in Korea

  • Lee, Seon-Ju;Hong, Seung-Beom;Kim, Chang-Yung
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2003
  • A total of 82 genera and 271 species of soil-inhabiting fungi including saprobic, nematode-trapping, and arbuscular mycorrhizal but plant pathogenic fungi published hitherto in South Korea are listed with the information on geographic location, habitat, vegetation when available, and relevant literatures.

Fungicidal Activity of Oriental Medicinal Plant Extracts against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Yoo, Jae-Ki;Ryu, Kap-Hee;Kwon, Jeong-Hyun;Lee, Sung-Suk;Ahn, Young-Joon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.600-604
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    • 1998
  • Methanol extracts from 53 species of oriental medicinal plants in 34 families were tested for their fungicidal activities against Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Collectotrichum dematium, Botryospaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis. In in vitro study using impregnated paper disc method, the efficacy varied with both plant pathogen and plant species tested. Methanol extracts of Asarum sieboldii roots, Sinomenium acutum roots, Pinus densiflora leaves, Rheum undulatum root barks, Coptis japonica roots, and Phellodendron amurense barks showed potent fungicidal activities against the various pathogens when treated with 10 mg/disc. In a whole plant test, methanol extracts of P. densiflora leaves and roots and C. japonica roots were highly effective against a variety of plant pathogens. As a naturally occurring fungicide, P. densiflora- and C. japonica-derived materials could be useful as new fungicidal products against various plant diseases induced by plant pathogenic fungi.

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Lysinabacillus fusiformis and Paenibacillus alvei Obtained from the Internal of NasutitermesTermites Revealed Their Ability as Antagonist of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Fitriana, Yuyun;Tampubolon, Desi Apriani Teresa;Suharjo, Radix;Lestari, Puji;Swibawa, I Gede
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.449-460
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    • 2022
  • This study was performed to reveal phenotypic characters and identity of symbiont bacteria of Nasutitermes as well as investigate their potential as antagonist of plant pathogenic fungi. Isolation of the symbiont bacteria was carried out from inside the heads and the bodies of soldier and worker termite which were collected from 3 locations of nests. Identification was performed using phenotypic test and sequence of 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA). Antagonistic capability was investigated in the laboratory against 3 phytopathogenic fungi i.e., Phytophthora capsici, Ganoderma boninense, and Rigidoporus microporus. Totally, 39 bacterial isolates were obtained from inside the heads and the bodies of Nasutitermes. All the isolates showed capability to inhibit growth of P. capsici, however, 34 isolates showed capability to inhibit growth of G. boninense and 32 isolates showed capability to inhibit growth of R. microporus. Two bacterial strains (IK3.1P and 1B1.2P) which showed the highest percentage of inhibition were further identified based on their sequence of 16S rDNA. The result showed that 1K3.1P strain was placed in the group of type strain and reference strains of Lysinibacillus fusiformis meanwhile 1B1.2P strain was grouped within type strain and reference strains Paenibacillus alvei. The result of this study supply valuable information on the role of symbiont bacteria of Nasutitermes, which may support the development of the control method of the three above-mentioned phytopathogenic fungi.

Isolation, Cultivation, and Antifungal Activity of a Lichen-Forming Fungus

  • Hur, Jae-Seoun;Kim, Hye-Jin;Lim, Kwang-Mi;Koh, Young-Jin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.75-78
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    • 2003
  • A lichen-forming fungus was successfully isolated by discharged spore method from Korean lichen (Hetero-dermia sp.) and cultivated in pure culture. The isolate JR0012 inhibited mycelial growth of several plant-pathogenic fungi. Mycelial growth of the four Pythium spp. tested was completely inhibited. Potato dextrose broth was found to be the medium favorable for large-scale production of antibiotics from the isolate. Anti-fungal substances produced in axenic culture were partially purified. This is the first report in Korea of lichen-forming fungus successfully isolated and which exhibited strong antifungal activity against plant-pathogenic fungi, especially the four Pythium spp..

Evaluation of Certain Plant Extracts and Antagonists Against Fusarium solani and Alternaria tenuissima, the Incitants of Root Rot and Die-Back Diseases of Mulberry

  • Seetha, Ramulu J.;Raja, Gopal Reddy C.;Ramanjaneyulu, R.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2010
  • The studies have been conducted to control the soil borne fungal pathogens viz, Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc. and Alternaria tenuissima the incitants of root rot and die-back diseases on mulberry stem cuttings planted in the mulberry nurseries and also in established mulberry gardens ten plant extracts with 10% concentration except Lantana camara (undiluted) were tested through poisoned food technique and four biofungicides were also screened by dual culture method under in vitro conditions. Plant extract of Prosopis juliflora showed the maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth (81.2% over A. tenuissima and 80.0% over F. solani) and followed by L. camara (66.7% over A. tenuissima and 68.9% over F. solani). Among the antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride showed maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi. The promising plant extracts (P. juliflora and L. camara) and antagonists (P. fluorescens and T. viride) were tested against both the pathogenic fungi under in vivo conditions along with the existing popular chemical Mancozeb. All the tested plant products and bio-fungicides showed inhibitory effect on both fungi. But the maximum survival percentage of mulberry cuttings was recorded in the treatment with T. viride (95% against F. solani and 90% against A. tenuisssima) followed by P. fluorescens (90% against both fungi) and T. harzianum (80% against F. solani and 85% against A. tenuisssima). Incase of the treatments with plant extracts and chemical fungicide the P. juliflora (60% against F. solani and 55% against A. tenuisssima) showed higher survival percentage and followed by L. camara (55% against F. solani and 50% against A. tenuisssima) and Mancozeb (55% against both fungi). In case of control only 10% of survival was recorded in F. solani inoculated cuttings and 15% survival in A. tenuissima inoculated cuttings.

In Vitro Antagonistic Effects of Bacilli Isolates against Four Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Kim, Wan-Gyu;Weon, Hang-Yeon;Lee, Sang-Yeob
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.52-57
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    • 2008
  • Twenty isolates of Bacillus spp. obtained from livestock manure composts and cotton-waste composts were tested for in vitro antagonistic effects against soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Seven isolates of Bacillus spp. had antagonistic effects on mycelial growth of all the isolates of F. oxysporum tested. The bacterial isolate RM43 was the most effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungal isolates. Twelve isolates of Bacillus spp. had antagonistic effects on mycelial growth of all the isolates of P. capsici tested. The bacterial isolates M34 and M47 were very effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungal isolates. Thirteen isolates of Bacillus spp. had antagonistic effects on mycelial growth of all the isolates of R. solani AG-4 tested. The bacterial isolates M27 and M75 were very effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungal isolates. Fourteen isolates of Bacillus sp. had antagonistic effects on mycelial growth of all the isolates of S. sclerotiorum tested. The bacterial isolates M49 and M75 were very effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungal isolates. The antagonistic effects of most Bacillus spp. isolates against the isolates of the four fungi differed depending on the fungal species and the isolates of each fungus. The bacterial isolates M27 and M75 were the most effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of all four fungi.

Seed Transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing Leaf Blight of Job's tears (율무에 잎마름 증상을 일으키는 Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis 및 Curvularis lunata의 종자전염)

  • Kim, Ji-Soo;Lee, Du-Hyung
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1998
  • Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

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Antifungal Activity of Lichen-forming Fungi against Colletotrichum acutatum on Hot Pepper

  • Wei, Xinli;Jeon, Hae-Sook;Han, Keon-Seon;Koh, Young-Jin;Hur, Jae-Seoun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.202-206
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    • 2008
  • Antifungal activity of Korean and Chinese lichen-forming fungi (LFF) was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of anthracnose on hot pepper. This is the first attempt to evaluate antifungal activity of LFF, instead of lichen thalli, against C. acutatum. Total 100 LFF were isolated from the lichens with discharged spore method or tissue culture method. Among the 100 isolates, 8 LFF showed more than 50% of inhibition rates of mycelial growth of the target pathogen. Especially, Lecanora argentata was highly effective in inhibition of mycelial growth of C. accutatum at the rate of 68%. Antifungal activity of other LFF was in the order of Cetrelia japonica (61.4%), Ramalina conduplicans (59.5%), Umbilicaria esculenta (59.5%), Ramalina litoralis (56.7%), Cetrelia braunsiana (56.5%), Nephromopsis pallescensn (56.1%), and Parmelia simplicior (53.8%). Among the tested LFF, 61 isolates of LFF exhibited moderate antifungal activity against the target pathogen at the inhibition rates from 30 to 50%. Antifungal activity of the LFF against C. acutatum was variable at the species level rather than genus level of LFF. This study suggests that LFF can be served as a promising bioresource to develop novel biofungicides.

The Roles of Protein Degradation During Fungal-plant Interactions (단백질 분해가 식물의 진균 병 진전에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Il-Pyung;Park, Sang-Ryeol;Bae, Shin-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2010
  • Plant pathogenic fungi are the most diverse and drastic causal agents of crop diseases threatening stable food production all over the world. Plant have evolved efficient innate immune system to scout and counterattack fungal invasion and pathogenic fungi also developed virulence system to nullify plant resistance machinery or signaling pathways and to propagate and dominate within their niche. A growing body of evidences suggests that post translational modifications (PTMs) and selective/nonselective degradations of proteins involved in virulence expression of plant pathogenic fungi and plant defense machinery should play pivotal roles during the compatible and incompatible interactions. This review elucidates recent investigations about the effects of PTMs and protein degradations on host defense and fungal pathogens' invasions.