• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Objectives : Peucedani Radix ('Jeonho' in Korean) is the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum or Angelica decursiva. However, the root of Anthriscus sylvestris has usually been distributed as Jeonho. This study was performed to determine the discriminative criteria of Jeonho, focused on distribution in Korean markets. Methods : We have determined identification keys to discriminate each Jeonho samples, through observation of external morphology of original plants, and the research of external and internal morphological features of dried Jeonho herbs. Results : Because of identical to the Korean plant name 'Jeonho', Anthrisci Radix had been came into use as a substitute of Jeonho in Korea during the time of Japanese colonial rule. The original plants of Jeonho and its substitute are discriminated with shape of leaf, leaf margin and color of stem. External morphological features of the medicinal herbs of Jeonho are different in the color of cross-sections, pellucid dot, white powder. Internal morphological points, such as fiber bundle of xylem, seconadary mudullary ray and ray of xylem were also used as discriminative criteria for Jeonho. Further details(e.g. identificaion keys) are in the article. Conclusions : We think that these discriminative criteria will be meaningful in identifying the substitutes and adulterants of Jeonho.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1999

Morphological characteristics and life cycle of Udea ferrugalis (Hubner) attacking Angelica utilis were studied in 1995 and 1996. Egg of U. ferrugalis was oval-shaped with light-gray. Larva was milk white or light yellow color with 1.50-14.6 mm body length, depending on their developmental stages from 1st to 5th instar. Pupa were deep-brown with 8.2-9.7 mm length. Adults were brown color and body lengths were 10.1 mm and 8.3 mm and wing expanse lengths were 18.5 mm and 16.6mm with female and male, respectively. At 20$^{\circ}$C, each developmently periods was 5.81, 19.0, 3.46 and 1 l.0days with egg, larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae, respectively. Also adult longevitys were 10.13 for female and 9.8 days for male. Average number of egg were 238.5 and 248.8 at 20$^{\circ}$C and 30$^{\circ}$C, respectively. A total of 12 species host plants were identified in the outdoor observation in Chungbuk province.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

Aerobic floc-like sludge was formed in a batch reactor and the effect of cations on the formation of aerobic floc-like sludge was studied. In order to enhance the formation (rate) of aerobic floc-like sludge, cations such as $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were added to the seed sludge. It was found that $Ca^{2+}$ had positive effect on the formation of floc-like sludge, as measured by sludge volume index (SVI) for settle ability. The formation of floc-like sludge was confirmed by the microscopic observation after DAPI staining. The scattered forms of sludge samples at the initial stage became aggregated to form floes after $Ca^{2+}$ addition. To ensure the functions of sludge floes in a treatment plant, the gradient of ionic species around the surfaces of floc-like sludge was monitored by ion selective microelectrodes for ${NH_4}^+,\;{NO_3}^-$, and pH. The effective concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ion to form floc-like sludge was determined to be 750 mg/L (0.15 mg $Ca^{2+}/mg$ MLSS). Under the effective $Ca^{2+}$ condition, the SVI value was the lowest and large distribution of nitrifying bacteria at the outer surface was observed in the aerobic floc-like sludge. From the results, it was found that the calcium ion functioned as an agent for the formation of aerobic floc-like sludge, resulting in the enhanced nitrification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.187-231
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• 2001

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. I addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, polyamines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300 000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa-associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

Crystalline calcium oxalate occur throughout near)y all plants species in five major forms; styloids, druses, raphids, prisms and sands. These crystals are known to be distributed in specific tissue such as cortex, xylem, phloem, cambium and epidermis. This research was undertaken to identify the occurrence, type, location and ultrastructure of druse crystals in Panax ginseng. In situ visualization, conventional light microscopy, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were applied for these purposes. Druse crystals in ginseng were identified as calcium oxalate by silver nitraterubeanic acid histochemistry. Calcium oxalate crystals are observed in nearly all plant organs such as leaf, petiole, peduncle, stem, rhizome, tap root and lateral root except fine root. Most frequent observation of crystals in the leaf and rhizomes were noticed. Three different types of calcium of oxalate druse crystals were identified by scanning electron microscopy.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2017

The short term predictability of wind resources is an important factor in evaluating the economic feasibility of a wind power plant. As a method of improving the predictability, a Bayesian Kalman filter is applied as the model data postprocessing. At this time, a statistical training period is needed to evaluate the correlation between estimated model and observation data for several Kalman training periods. This study was quantitatively analyzes for the prediction characteristics according to different training periods. The prediction of the temperature and wind speed with 3-day short term Bayesian Kalman training at Taebaek area is more reasonable than that in applying the other training periods. In contrast, it may produce a good prediction result in Ieodo when applying the training period for more than six days. The prediction performance of a Bayesian Kalman filter is clearly improved in the case in which the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model prediction performance is poor. On the other hand, the performance improvement of the WRF prediction is weak at the accurate point.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

This study intends to evaluate the seasonal flow direction of carbon dioxide in Northeast Asia by using GOSAT, the first Greenhouse Observing SATellite, in an attempt to overcome costly, laborious and time consuming ground observation which has been frequently pointed out in existing studies. For this purpose, missing values were supplemented by applying the Kriging interpolation and the overall flow direction of carbon dioxide was determined through anisotoropy semi-variogram. As a result, it was found that the overall spatial distribution of carbon dioxide in Northeast Asia varies depending on the latitude, and that carbon dioxide mainly flows southeast or east in spring, autumn and winter, but northeast or north in summer. Similar to the flow of monsoons in Northeast Asia, these results show that carbon dioxide flows mainly from the west to the east, which proves that carbon dioxide discharged from China is influencing even the Korean Peninsula and Japan. However, as the flow of carbon dioxide varies depending on a variety of factors such as artificial sources, plant respiration, and the absorption and discharge of the ocean, follow-up studies are requested to evaluate such variables and the correlations.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

The structural aspects of ervatamin B have been studied in different types of alcohol. This alcohol did not affect the structure or activity of ervatamin B under neutral conditions. At a low pH (3.0), different kinds of alcohol have different effects. Interestingly, at a certain concentration of non-fluorinated, aliphatic, monohydric alcohol, a conformational switch from the predominantly $\alpha$-helical to $\beta$-sheeted state is observed with a complete loss of tertiary structure and proteolytic activity. This is contrary to the observation that alcohol induces mostly the $\alpha$helical structure in proteins. The O-state of ervatamin B in 50% methanol at pH 3.0 has enhanced the stability towards GuHCl denaturation and shows a biphasic transition. This suggests the presence of two structural parts with different stabilities that unfold in steps. The thermal unfolding of ervatamin B in the O-state is also biphasic, which confirms the presence of two domains in the enzyme structure that unfold sequentially. The differential stabilization of the structural parts may also be a reflection of the differential stabilization of local conformations in methanol. Thermal unfolding of ervatamin B in the absence of alcohol is cooperative, both at neutral and low pH, and can be fitted to a two state model. However, at pH 2.0 the calorimetric profiles show two peaks, which indicates the presence of two structural domains in the enzyme with different thermal stabilities that are denatured more or less independently. With an increase in pH to 3.0 and 4.0, the shape of the DSC profiles change, and the two peaks converge to a predominant single peak. However, the ratio of van't Hoff enthalpy to calorimetric enthalpy is approximated to 2.0, indicating non-cooperativity in thermal unfolding.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2016

Birds play a main role in the formation and change of forest structures as they are seed-dispersal agents. This study aims to identify birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree and their associated fruits and seeds on Jeju Island in the context on the forest restoration in Korea. We conducted field surveys twice a month from 2013 to 2015 at nine study sites located across Jeju Island and collected available photographic and observation records. A total of 50 species of birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree were identified and birds belonging to Bombycillidae, Pycnonotidae, Zosteropidae, Sturnidae and Fringillidae were confirmed as major birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree. Gulping was the dominant type of feeding as well as crushing, but relationship between the size of a bird and the number of fruit and seed species used by the bird was not significant. We also documented that 118 fruit and seed species were consumed by birds and that shrubby fruits and seeds were more consumed by birds than those of other plant types. The relative consumption rate of fruits and seeds ranged from 0.02 to 0.44, but five species were the most important fruits and seeds for birds. Our finding suggest that avian frugivorous gulpers will benefit the seed dispersal, especially of five fruiting plants, providing useful baseline data for forest restoration and urban park design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the difference of Zoysia matrella's evaporation in between 100 percent soil and mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite to create green spaces on the artificial ground. It is believed that the weight against the artificial ground will be reduced, provided the vegetation is possible in the circumstance of the mixed sol with 50 percent of perlite. The study employed a modified Makkink's model by Iwasa who had developed the model for estimating Zoysia matrella's evaporation in the natural ground using the Makkink's formula in 1997 at Chiba University, Japan. The parameter of Makkink's formula is the solar radiation. For that reason, the Makkink's formula is simple and easy to measure the parameter and has a high utility. If the outcomes from mixed soil are close to modified Makkinks formula, the modified Makkink's formula will be applied to estimate in the artificial ground with mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite. Weather observation and actual amount of evaporation of Zoysia matrella have been measured, and the relation between weather condition and actual amount of evaporation had been also investigated. In line with this, we found out that there is a relevant relationship between daily average temperature, the modified Makkink's model by Iwasa, and the actual amount of evaporation. As the results of the experiment, the outcomes from mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite have very high relation to 100 percent soil. In addition, mixed soil has more adhesion with water than natural soil. However, it needs to be adequately maintained in terms of fertilization and damage from disease and harmful insects until the gras fastens its roots into the soil. By using mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite, the load from soil on the artificial ground can be reduced. The study on the growth of the grass throughout the plant vegetation and the actual amount of evaporation in the mixed soil with 50 percent of perlite should be performed in the future.