• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2014

Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disorder by the loss of memory and learning abilities. Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of steamed C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of steamed C. lanceolata on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells using MTT assay. The results showed that steamed C. lanceolata (500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) reversed spatial memory impairment by scopolamine in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Steamed C. lanceolata attenuated memory impairment by scopolamine compared with common C. lanceolata. In addition, administration of steamed C. lanceolata significantly also reduced cell death. We suggest that steaming process more improve cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective effect of C. lanceolata than common C. lanceolata.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2009

Puerariae flos (PF) is a traditional oriental medicinal plant and has clinically been prescribed for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of PF on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a Morris water maze (MWM) test in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. The changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system were assessed by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (normal), the sham-operated and stressed group (control), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OS), and the ovariectomized, stressed and PF treated group (OSF). Rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and PF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Results showed that treatments with PF caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a spatial memory task, and also increased the ChA T immunoreactivities. In conclusion, administration of PF improved spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, and PF may be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal-related dementia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 2005

PMS(Plant Monitoring System) for simulation is the program for training that users such as instructor, operator, and supervisor can operate the plant virtually. Presented in this paper, are some lessons learned from implementation of PMS for simulation. First, this PMS fer simulation is based on LINUX instead of UNIX. These two OS(Operating System) have different platform and compiler version on it, so debugging needs to be done about variable defining part. Second, In LINUX system, the size of shared memory and message queue is already designated as a default value that user has to set up and use the RTAP DB. Third, to decrease the dummy data size, it has to be changed into binary formation. Lastly, PMS software for simulation provides several environments according to the command, so considered should be status monitoring, alarm, system organization, point and group monitoring, history storage and searching function.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.217-227
• /
• 1989

A process control graphic system is proposed as an efficient tool for monitoring the operation of power plant. It uses the multi-processor structure with 60 Kbyte shared memory as an implemental type of the distributed computer system, so that it is flexible, functionally extensible, and applicable to real-time process. The shared memory is used as a real-time database handling the process values and operator's commands. The database files, generated by the user-interactive graphic editor developed for the system or text editor, have the characteristics of simplicity and user-friendliness. The process control graphic system, that can monitor the operation of boiler and function as a backup controller in case of failure in boiler controller, is applied to Ulsan power plant. As a result, it displays the operating data of the boiler process without error by 14 pages of color graphic image according to the operation menu, and additionally functions well as a fault-tolerant control system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.433-443
• /
• 1997

In this work, an analytic approach to the dependability of software in the operational phase is suggested with special attention to the hardware fault effects on the software behavior : The hardware faults considered are memory faults and the dependability measure in question is the reliability. The model is based on the simple reliability theory and the graph theory which represents the software with graph composed of nodes and arcs. Through proper transformation, the graph can be reduced to a simple two-node graph and the software reliability is derived from this graph. Using this model, we predict the reliability of an application software in the digital system (ILS) in the nuclear power plant and show the sensitivity of the software reliability to the major physical parameters which affect the software failure in the normal operation phase. We also found that the effects of the hardware faults on the software failure should be considered for predicting the software dependability accurately in operation phase, especially for the software which is executed frequently. This modeling method is particularly attractive for the medium size programs such as the microprocessor-based nuclear safety logic program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.05a
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 1996

SACOM(Simulation Analyser with Cognitive Operator Model) is being developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute to simulate human operator's cognitive characteristics during the emergency situations of nuclear power plans. An operator model with error mechanisms has been developed and combined into SACOM to simulate human operator's cognitive information process based on the Rasmussen's decision ladder model. The operational logic for five different cognitive activities (Agents), operator's attentional control (Controller), short-term memory (Blackboard), and long-term memory (Knowledge Base) have been developed and implemented on blackboard architecture. A trial simulation with a scenario for emergency operation has been performed to verify the operational logic. It was found that the operator model with error mechanisms is suitable for the simulation of operator's cognitive behavior in emergency situation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.480-488
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in memory and cognitive functions. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptide ($A{\beta}$) and oxidative stress in the brain are the most common causes of AD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Caffeic acid (CA) is an active phenolic compound that has a variety of pharmacological actions. We studied the protective abilities of CA in an $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-injected AD mouse model. CA was administered at an oral dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Behavioral tests including T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze were carried out to assess cognitive abilities. In addition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) production in the brain were measured to investigate the protective effect of CA in oxidative stress. RESULTS: In the T-maze and object recognition tests, novel route awareness and novel object recognition were improved by oral administration of CA compared with the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-injected control group. These results indicate that administration of CA improved spatial cognitive and memory functions. The Morris water maze test showed that memory function was enhanced by administration of CA. In addition, CA inhibited lipid peroxidation and NO formation in the liver, kidney, and brain compared with the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-injected control group. In particular, CA 50 mg/kg/day showed the stronger protective effect from cognitive impairment than CA 10 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that CA improves $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced memory deficits and cognitive impairment through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and NO production.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.55 no.spc1
• /
• pp.1283-1293
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to predict residual chlorine in order to maintain stable residual chlorine concentration in sedimentation basin by using artificial intelligence algorithms in water treatment process employing pre-chlorination. Available water quantity and quality data are collected and analyzed statistically to apply into mathematical multiple regression and artificial intelligence models including multi-layer perceptron neural network, random forest, long short term memory (LSTM) algorithms. Water temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, flow rate, alkalinity and pre-chlorination dosage data are used as the input parameters to develop prediction models. As results, it is presented that the random forest algorithm shows the most moderate prediction result among four cases, which are long short term memory, multi-layer perceptron, multiple regression including random forest. Especially, it is result that the multiple regression model can not represent the residual chlorine with the input parameters which varies independently with seasonal change, numerical scale and dimension difference between quantity and quality. For this reason, random forest model is more appropriate for predict water qualities than other algorithms, which is classified into decision tree type algorithm. Also, it is expected that real time prediction by artificial intelligence models can play role of the stable operation of residual chlorine in water treatment plant including pre-chlorination process.

• Ceramist
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.301-315
• /
• 2019

We prepared hybrids between layered double hydroxide (LDH) and natural plant extract such as Peaonia suffruticosa Andrews (PS) and Peaonia Japonica (PJ) which was confirmed anti-bacterial activity through paper disc diffusion assay. According to X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, zeta-potential measurement and quantification of extract loading amount in hybrids, we confirmed that similar amount of PS and PJ loaded on inter-particle pore of LDH with partial adsorption on surface of LDH through reconstruction process. We also evaluated the bacterial colony forming inhibition of PS extract, PJ extract, PS-LDH and PJ-LDH hybrids against Escherichia coli as gram negative bacterium and Bacillus subtilis as gram positive bacterium, suggesting that both hybrids have enhanced anti-bacterial activity compared with extract itself.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.92-102
• /
• 2019

Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban (Umbelliferae) which is also known as 'pegaga' is highly consumed and eaten raw as 'ulam' in Malaysia. C. asiatica is used in traditional medicines to treat various health conditions such as rheumatism, inflammation, syphilis, skin diseases and diarrhoea. Various reports exhibited that the crude extracts and isolated bioactive compounds of C. asiatica possessed a broad range of pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, wound healing, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and memory enhancing properties. The pharmacological validation on anti-microbial and immunomodulatory of C. asiatica is very limited and several existence review papers related for this plant had not been focused for both activities. This review therefore attempts to combine the existing literature to offer immense scope for researchers engaged in validation of the traditional claims and bioactivities of this plant related with anti-microbial and immunomodulatory potential.