• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

Background: It has been reported that various substances exist in wild Conyza canadensis, but I think that the overall compositional analysis is still insufficient. Purposes: This study was to set extraction conditions and search for various nutritional components in the wild C. canadensis. Methods: Various extracts were extracted and analyzed using different analytical instruments to suggest and study the conditions for component analysis. Results: As for the general nutritional components of C. canadensis leaf extract, carbohydrates were 46.4%, crude protein 26.5%, moisture 16.3%, raw meal 9.5%, and natural fat 1.2%. The dietary fiber content was 30.76%. Free fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose were separated, and the amount of fructose was as high as 4,144.2 mg/100 g. In addition, we found 64.87 mg/g of K, 4.09 mg/g of P, 1.77 mg/g of Mg, and 0.16 mg/g of disodium in the extracts. A total of 20 fatty acids have appeared. In addition, unsaturated fatty acids (octadecenoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, and linolenic acid) were detected. Linolenic acid was high at 54.1%. The saturated fatty acid content was 0.39 g/100 g, and the trans fatty acid content was 0.01 g/100 g. No cholesterol was found in the plant. Riboflavin was at 0.4 mg/100 g, with six essential amino acids and 24 amino acids. Conclusions: As a result of the primary research on the plant, various nutritional and functional ingredients exist in the extract, and natural healing uses are available.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2022

To maximize the medicinal properties of bellflower root (Platycodi radix), its growth and development according to soil texture were investigated using four types of soil: masato (decomposed granite), soil mix, loamy sand, and sandy loam. Saponin content was measured. With regard to bellflower root growth depending on soil texture, its growth was better in the order of loamy sand > sandy loam > soil mix > masato in the above-ground part, and loamy sand > soil mix > sandy loam > masato in the underground part in the order. The average content of general ingredients were 77.3% water, 2.6% crude fat, 3.2% crude flour, 6.0% crude protein, and 10.9% carbohydrates. With respect to saponin analysis of bellflower roots, the saponin content regarding platycodin D, platycodin D3, polygalacin D, and deapioplatycodin D were higher in the order of 282.4, 104.7, 29.1, 19.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The content of organic matter and phosphoric acid was high in soil mix and sandy loam, and platycodin D3 showed similar levels in all soil types. As a result, the soil mix is considered most suitable in terms of yield and component levels, however, it is the most expensive type. As a replacement, sandy loam was adequate in terms of fresh weight related to yield and highest saponin content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to determine cutting time on the yield and nutritive value of brittle culm rice. Plant height and number of tiller were significantly different between variety and cutting time, and regrowth plant height and rate of regrowth tiller were tall and high at the early cutting. Early cutting increased crude protein, fat and NFE(Nitrogen free extract) content in the harvested foliage but crude fiber and ash content were decreased in the first cutting. Those of second cutting also showed reverse tendency. Fresh and dry matter yield were highest on heading date cutting, and those of KL501 were higher than those of Seomjinbyeo. TDN(Total digestible nutrients) content was higher with earlier cutting for initiated cutting, but that of second cutting was reversed. KL501 showed higher TDN content than Seomjinbyeo did at the any cutting time. TDN yield of heading date cutting was higher than that of the other cutting time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

Effects of prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix on plasma lipid composition and histological consideration were investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. Concentration of plasma ${\beta},-lipoprotein$ showed a tendence to decrease in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups. However these values were showed not significantly different from control group. Concentration of plasma FFA in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups showed a lower values compared to control group and concentration of plasma FFA of prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment group showed a lower values than prunella vulgaris L. and chrysanthemum indicum L. treatment group. Concentration of plasma glucose and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups. However plasma glucose values showed not significantly different from control group. Plasma total cholesterol concentration showed a low and HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a high in prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment group. However LDL-cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different in treatment groups. Histological consideration of heart, liver and kidney in prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups showed a good features in fat accumulation condition than those of other treatment groups. However in the condition of high fat accumulation in tissues, heart, liver and kidney were showed a slight congestion and a bashed cell nucleus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.673-680
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• 2009

This study was conducted to screen for plant food materials that improve human intestinal microflora, especially microorganisms associated with obesity. Among 30 tested plant food materials, the extract of Schizandra chinensis inactivated Eubacterium limosum, Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium spp. Additionally, S. chinensis extract was also found to have a growth-promoting effect on Bifidobacterium spp.. The antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of the water extract did not decrease in respond to heating. Additionally, the water extract of S. chinensis did not show a toxic effect on the growth of Caco-2 cells. In vivo feeding tests were performed to investigate the influence of extract on the intestinal microflora in rats. Although the extract did not reduce obesity induced by a high fat diet, it led to significant increase in the population of Bifidobacterium spp. and a decrease in the population of Clostridium spp. in rats. Taken together, these results indicate that S. chinensis could be useful as a functional food component to control intestinal microbial flora.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2010

This study aims at investigating the health and nutritional status of the adults according to frequency of eating out. One day food intake data were collected by 24 hr recall dietary survey and body size, blood pressure and some blood lipids and other constituents were measured on 137 Daejeon metropolitan citizens 20 yrs old and above who visited Chungnam National University Hospital for physical examination during the period of December 6, to December 15, 2008. The frequency of eating out were categorized into four levels: less than once a week, once a week, 2-3 times a week, 4 times a week and above. Body mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, GPT and GOT did not showed any significant difference according to the frequency of eating out of the subjects. Though, systolic blood pressures and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol showed a little tendency to be high in the subjects eating out 2-3 times a week. In the contrary, serum triglyceride level tended to be low in the same group. The subjects eating out 4 times a week and over took more total protein, animal protein, animal fat, phosphorus and vitamin $B_2$ than any other group. Also protein energy ratio was the highest in the group eating out 4 times a week and above and they took more animal food group, other food group, beverages teas and alcohols than other groups eating out. These results showed that higher frequency of eating out leads to higher intake of protein, fat, phosphorus, animal food groups and other food groups (oils, beverages, seasonings) and to lower intake of vitamin C and plant food groups. It, thus, suggested that the strategy for restaurant business is required to provide the menu substituted animal food by more plant food.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1988

Pearl millet has been detected as a promising new forage crop of excellent quality and productivity since 1985. Its green fodder yields were 10.7 to 12.8 tons per hectare in average of 26 accessions in Suwon, 1985. The yield level was much higher than those of Italian and pro so millets and com. Com was better than Italian and proso millets, and proso millet was better than Italian millet for a green fodder crop. Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid was the best of the 13 hybrids examined in Suwon, 1986 being 149 tons per hectare of three times cut green fodder yields. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than com and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 32.4 for the three times cut pearl millet, while 5.8 for the one time cut corn, and 20.8 for the three times cut sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3 percent for pearl millet being six to five percent higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass, 11.8 percent for the one time cut at maturity and 16.1 percent for four times cut being higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fat content was 3. percent for pear 1 millet grain being some what higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass and 1.3-1.4 percent for green fodder crop. Crude fiber content in grain was 1.9 percent for pearl millet 2.6 percent for corn, and 4.3 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fiber content in pearl millet plant was 24.4 to 26.8 percent, Crude ash content was 2.4 percent in grain and 10.8 to 11.6 percent in the plants of pearl millet hybrid. In vitro digestibility of grain was 93.7 percent for pearl millet, 95.4 percent for corn, and 55.8 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. The digestibility of whole plant was 57.6 to 63.4 percent for pearl millet, 46.3 percent for corn, and 47.3 to 57.6 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Heavier nitrogen fertilizer applications increased green fodder yields, protein content and digestibility, but reduced fat and ash content of pearl millet inbred line T 186.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1761-1768
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• 2010

Hypoglycemic effect through activity inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase and $\alpha$-amylase was evaluated using leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosu, Eleutherococcus gracilistylus, Eleutherococcus sieboldianus and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus which belong to Acanthopanax sessiliflorus genus. As a result of measuring $\alpha$-glucosidase activity inhibition, extract of Eleutherococcus gracilistylus showed around 43.38% of activity inhibition compared with acarbose and extract of Eleutherococcus senticosu showed 41.24% inhibitory effect. As a result of measuring $\alpha$-amylase activity inhibition, acarbose showed 73.25% of activity inhibition in 10 mg/mL concentration, and the extract of Eleutherococcus senticosu leaves showed 91.90% higher activity inhibition compared with acarbose. Also, after subjects in a model were induced diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) intake plant extract from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus for 2 weeks, effect of improving blood glucose level and fat was examined. In all groups with specimen, Eleutherococcus senticosu (T1), Eleutherococcus gracilistylus (T2), Eleutherococcus sieboldianus (T3) and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (T4), blood glucose level was significantly decreased compared with that in control group (C). In an experiment of examining changes in fat concentration in blood, total cholesterol content increased in a control group compared with a normal, while in T1, T3 and T4, it decreased significantly compared with the control group. As for HDL-cholesterol, it significantly increased in all diabetes induced groups compared with the normal group, and in T3, it increased the most significantly by 55.61% compared with the control group. In case of LDL-cholesterol, specific difference between the normal group and the control group was not found; however, significant increase was detected in T2 and T3, whereas in T1 and T4, it decreased significantly compared with the control group. As for triglyceride, its concentration increased in the control group like total cholesterol. It decreased 60.16% in T3, 60.80% in T4 and 50.16% in T1 compared with the control group. As a result of measuring the concentration of triglyceride in extracted liver, the control group showed significant increase compared with the normal group, whereas T1 and T2 showed significant decrease compared with the normal group. The above results show that extracts from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus genus are effective for hypoglycemic and improving fat metabolism due to diabetes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and feed value of nine sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids at paddy field cultivation. The nine recommended sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids used in this study were P877F, Cow pow, Turbo gold, Maxi graze, Jumbo, G7, Sweet home, Honey chew BMR and Green star. Plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and stem hardness were higher in Jumbo than other varieties (P<0.01). Sugar content (brix) was higher in order of P877F > Sweet home > maxi graze > Green star > Cow pow > G7 (P<0.01). Fresh (86,199kg/ha) and dry matter yield (16,206 kg/ha) of Jumbo were higher than other varieties (P<0.01). Crude protein was the highest in Maxi graze (6.5%), but crude fat was the highest in Honey chew BMR as 2.1% (P<0.01). NDF and ADF of Jumbo and G7 were higher than other varieties (P<0.01). TDN was higher in order of Maxi graze > Sweet home > P877F > Honey chew BMR > Green star, but no significant differences were found among the varieties. Minerals were the highest in Cow pow (15,020.5 mg/kg), and Sweet home (6,222.6 mg/kg) was the lowest as compared to other varieties (P<0.01). Total amino acids were higher in order of Maxi graze > Sweet home > Turbo gold > Honey chew BMR > Jumbo (P<0.01). Crude protein yield and crude fat yield were the highest in Turbo gold (814.6 kg/ha) and Honey chew BMR (309.8kg/ha), respectively (P<0.01). Mineral yield was the highest in Cow pow as 207.6 kg/ha (P<0.01). Amino acid yield (592.2 kg/ha) and TDN yield (10,194 kg/ha) were the highest in Sweet home. Based on the above results, sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid varieties should be selected on the basis of the purpose of use. Because, each varieties showed various growth characteristics and nutrition yield (protein, fat, mineral, amino acid, TDN).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 1981

Silage yield and nutritional values of a locally collected Korean corn line with high tillering and earing characteristics were investigated at plant densities from 2778 to 8333 plants/ l0a. This line and a non-tillering and nonprolific corn as a check were grown at four plant densities and at three planting dates. The Korean local line abbreviated as MET had the highest dry matter per l0a. The highest dry matter of the MET line compared with the check hybrid was due to the highest dry leaf weight of the MET line. The highest dry leaf weight of the MET line was due to the increased number of tillers of the MET line. Other plant parts such as ear weight, kernel weight and cob weight of the MET line were lower than those of the check hybrid. The dry husk weight per l0a of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, probably due to the increased number of ears in the MET line. The total embryo production per 10 a of the MET line was significantly higher than that of the check hybrid. The increased portion of embryo of the MET line is probably responsible for the higher TON values of the MET line. No interaction between variety x planting dates or planting density was found, indicating that the MET line and check hybrid were both the same in effects of planting dates and densities. Both line and hybrid showed the highest dry matter production when the planting density was high and planting dates was early. When silage was made from either MET line or check hybrid the nutritional values in terms of crude protein, crude fat, fiber, and ash contents of the MET line were similar to those of the check hybrid. But the TON of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, while the OCP of the MET line lower than that of the check hybrid. Amino acid contents of the MET line were also comparable to those of the check hybrid, while lysine content of the MET line was 10% higher than that of the check hybrid.