• Title/Summary/Keyword: plant disease control

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Studies on Phytouthora disease of Panax ginseng C. A Meyer; its causal agent and possible control measures (인삼의 질병.병원균 및 방지책에 관하여)

  • 오승환;박창석
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 1980
  • The causal organism of Phytophthora disease on Panax ginseng Meyer in Korea was isolated and identified as Phytophthora cactorum. It's pathogenicity, etiology, and possible control measures were investigated. Disease symptoms on various parts of ginseng plants were also described The fungus caused seedling and mature plant blight and root rot. Oospores were easily formed on potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar. Oospores, however, were not formed in the diseased root tissues but did in the in footed shoots such as leaves, petioles, and stems and in the inoculated berries.

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Induced systemic resistance and plant growth promotion of a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, Enterobactor intermedium 60-2G (인산가용미생물, Enterobacterium intermedium 60-2G의 식물 생장 촉진 및 전신저항성 유도)

  • Kim, Young-Cheol;Kim, Chul-Hong;Kim, Kil-Young;Cho, Baik-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.223-231
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    • 2002
  • A phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, Enterobacter intermedium 60-2G, was examined for plant growth-promotion and induction of systemic resistance using a model system of cucumber and scab disease, caused by Cladosporium cucumerinum. Compared with a nonbacterized control, treatment of cucumber with E. intermedium significantly reduced the severity of scab disease after challenge-inoculation with C. cucumerinum. Treatment of cucumber with E. intermedium also enhanced cucumber growth. The 60-2G strain showed a strong antimicrobial activity against several plant pathogenic fungi including Fusarium soysporum and Magnaporthe grisea. These results suggest the E. intermedium 60-2G is a promising candidate as a biological control agent displaying multiple beneficial properties to promote plant health.

Studies on Antagonism of Trichoderma Species to Fusrium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae V. Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry by a Mycoparasite, Trichoderma harzianum (딸기 시들음병균에 대한 Trichoderma속 균의 길항작용에 관한 연구 V. 중복기생균 Trichoderma harzianum에 의한 딸기 시들음병의 생물적 방제)

  • 문병주;정후섭;박현철
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.298-303
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    • 1995
  • The biological control effect of Trichoderma harzianum on the Fusarium wilt of strawberry and several factors affecting on its efficacy were examined through pot experiments. T. harzianum grown on wheat barn, rice straw, rice hull, sawdust or barley straw was respectively incorporated into the pathogen-infected soil, and significantly suppressed the strawberry wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. The wheat bran or rice straw culture of T. harzianum suppressed the disease incidence more effectively than other substrates for culture, decreasing it to 68% of the untreated control. The conidial suspension of T. harzianum alone or the suspension mixed with crab shell also effectively reduced the disease incidence. The control effectiveness of T. harzianum was high in acid soil (pH 3.5~5.5). In sandy loam soil, the disease incidences and population densities of the pathogen were decreased by the treatment of T. harzianum, while there was no significant effect of T. harzianum on the pathogen in loam soil.

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Chemical screening for control of Metalaxyl-resistant tobacco black shank disease (Metalaxyl 저항성 담배역병균(Phytophthora nicotianae) 방제를 위한 약제 선발)

  • Kang, Yue-Gyu;Chung, Yun-Hwa
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.224-228
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    • 2003
  • Five commercial chemicals, Dimethomorph, Foseyl-Al, Oxadixyl + Mancozeb, Propamocarb hydrochloride, and Metalaxyl, were tested for control of tobacco black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or delaying buildup of the resistant population to Metalaxyl which has been used for control of the disease in Korean tobacco farms. Propamocarb hydrochloride seemed to have a cross-resistance to the Metalaxyl resistant isolates showing similar response with Metalaxyl in vitro. Meanwhile, Dimethomorph+Mancozeb and Oxadixyl+Mancozeb were selected to be the promising chemicals which are able to be alternative to Metalaxyl for the black shank control in accordance with in vitro and in field trial.

Chemical Control of Powdery Mildew of Sweet Pumpkin in Korea (단호박 흰가루병의 약제방제)

  • 장석원;김성기;김희동
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2001
  • To establish an effective chemical control strategy against powder mildew of sweet pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) caused by Sphaertheca fuliginea, screening of effective fungicides and determination of their application times were conducted. Powdery mildew caused by S. fuliginea began to occur at about 80 days after transplanting and continuously increased until harvesting in Korea. Systemic fungicides, such as difenoconazole, triforine, bitertanol, and triflumizole, were effective for controlling powdery mildew, showing control efficacies of about 80-90%. When the fungicide triflumizole was applied 3 or 4 times from the beginning day of the disease at 10-day intervals, about 92.0% and 94.6% of disease control and yield increase of 7% and 9% were obtained, respectively. Therefore, the proper application of triflumizole for controlling powdery mildew of sweet pumpkin must be done more than 3 times.

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Control of Root Rot and Wilt Diseases of Roselle under Field Conditions

  • Hassan, Naglaa;Elsharkawy, Mohsen Mohamed;Shimizu, Masafumi;Hyakumachi, Mitsuro
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.376-384
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    • 2014
  • Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of the most important medicinal crops in many parts of the world. In this study, the effects of microelements, antioxidants, and bioagents on Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal pathogens of root rot and wilt diseases in roselle, were examined under field conditions. Preliminary studies were carried out in vitro in order to select the most effective members to be used in field control trials. Our results showed that microelements (copper and manganese), antioxidants (salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and EDTA), a fungicide (Dithane M45) and biological control agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis) were significantly reduced the linear growth of the causal pathogens. Additionally, application of the previous microelements, antioxidants, a fungicide and biological control agents significantly reduced disease incidence of root rot and wilt diseases under field conditions. Copper, salicylic acid, and T. harzianum showed the best results in this respect. In conclusion, microelements, antioxidants, and biocontrol agents could be used as alternative strategies to fungicides for controlling root rot and wilt diseases in roselle.

Effect of Disease and Pest Control on Rice Yield in Relation to Various Combinations of Fertilizer Application (시비수준에 따른 병충해방제가 수도수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee K. H.;Lee E. J.;Kim K. S.;Chu W. J.;Kim J. H.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 1973
  • The yield of rice is increased to amounts of fertilizer applied in paddy field but excessive application of fertilizer stimulates outbreaks of disease and insect pest. If, therefore, diseases and pests stimulated by excessive application of fertilizer would be effectively controlled, increaseed yield of rice would be possible. This experiment was conducted to determine the fertilizer application rate that would produce maximum yields when diseases and pests are controlled. 1. The fertilizer application rates and the incidence of leaf and apanicle blast were positively correlated at the $1\%$ level. 2, Without disease and pest control the maximum yield of hulled rice was 347-378kg/10a, which occurred at nitorgen application levels of 8.0-8.5 kg/10a. with effective control of diseases and pests the maximum yield of hulled was 453-462 kg/10a, which occurred at nitrogen application levels of 18.5-19.0 kg/10a. Yield increase at appropriate nitrogen levels by disease and pest control resulted in more than 100 kg/10a. 3. There was no significant yield difference between the NPK experimental plots with fixed PK levels and with varying PK levels. 4. The maximum effect of disease and pest .control as expressed biy yield index of hulled rice was $65\%$, the minimum effect was $30\%$, the average effects were $42-45\%$.

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Occurrence of Jujube Witches' Broom Disease and Control Efficacy of Trunk Injection with Oxytetracycline in Boeun Area from 2018 to 2019 (2018-2019년 보은지역 대추나무 빗자루병 발생 및 옥시테트라사이클린 수간주사 방제 효과)

  • Kang, Hyo-Jung;Choe, Seonghui;Lee, Kyeong Hee;Park, Heesoon;Oh, Ha Kyung;Lee, Seongkyun;Shin, Hyunman
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2020
  • Jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease is a high-risk plant disease that occurred on and devastated jujube orchards throughout South Korea in the 1950s. Recently, as the jujube cultivation area has been significantly increased nationwide, we investigated the disease in jujube orchards in the Boeun region to obtain basic information for proactively evaluating the risk of JWB outbreaks from 2017 to 2019. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the trunk injection of Sungbocycline (a. i. oxytetracycline calcium alkyl trimethyl ammonium 17%, OTC). The incidence of JWB disease was very low in Boeun, but it was gradually increased mainly in the area and on the farms where it had occurred previously. The trunk injection with OTC was most effective in the early stages of growth. However, even though the trees were treated with OTC, disease symptoms appeared in other healthy branches in severely affected trees. When the tree was first injected with OTC in June, the control efficacy of second injection was higher one month after the first injection than five months. These results suggest that early diagnosis based on various symptoms and early control based on them can be very effective in preventing JWB disease in advance and increasing control efficacy.

Recent Occurrence of TuMV disease on Radish and Chinese Cabbage in Alpine Region, Kang-won Province (최근 강원도 고랭지 무,배추 바이러스(TuMV)병 발생('92-94))

  • 함영일
    • Plant Disease and Agriculture
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.45-46
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    • 1995
  • In recent years, there were considerably severe occurrences of TuMV(turnip mosaic virus) disease on radish and Chinese cabbage cultivated at alpine or sub-alpine regions, especially more severe on young Chinese cabbage sowed after late June. Started from 1991, those were very severe in 1992 and 1994, for the number of migrated aphids was increased enormously according to the weather condition of high temperature and low humidity then. This disease started at late June to early July, and continued to late August. It seemed that TuMV was transmitted easily and completely to the young chinese cabbages, but hardly and rarely the old. The regions over 1,000m of altitude had less possibility of disease-occurring, but there was severe occurrence on the second cropping of Chinese cabbage in a year. It is considered that more researches on control method of TuMV disease will be needed very urgently.

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Microbe-Mediated Control of Mycotoxigenic Grain Fungi in Stored Rice with Focus on Aflatoxin Biodegradation and Biosynthesis Inhibition

  • Mannaa, Mohamed;Kim, Ki Deok
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2016
  • Rice contaminated with fungal species during storage is not only of poor quality and low economic value, but may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. The predominant fungal species isolated from rice grains during storage belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Some of these fungal species produce mycotoxins; they are responsible for adverse health effects in humans and animals, particularly Aspergillus flavus, which produces the extremely carcinogenic aflatoxins. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to devise safety procedure for the control of such harmful fungi and production of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. This review provides information about fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored rice grains, and microbe-based (biological) strategies to control grain fungi and mycotoxins. The latter will include information regarding attempts undertaken for mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) bio-detoxification and microbial interference with the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway in the toxin-producing fungi.