• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

We describe plant biomass in the grasslands of the Mongolian steppe obtained using a quadrat sampling technique. Four sites were studied in the northeastern Mongolia located between $47^{\circ}12'N$ and $47^{\circ}40'N$ and $102^{\circ}22'E$ and $112^{\circ}24'E$, which were typical grasslands of the steppe. Biomass, carbon and nitrogen content were determined for the plants collected from the grazed and ungarazed stands. With the measurements above, we expect to obtain information on grazing effects on the grasslands and carbon sequestration of the grassland from the air. In order to estimate the biomass without destroying the stands, we derived an equation to describe the relationship between plant biomass and v-value using plant height and species coverage within the stand. Estimated plant biomass in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged between $108.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $13.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and between $97.5\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $14.1\;g\;m^{-2}$ in late June 2005, respectively. Litter in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged from $330.3\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $78.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and from $188.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $20.3\;g\;m^{-2}$, similarly. Average carbon and nitrogen contents in plants and in litter were 43.0% and 1.9% and 33.7% and 1.4%, respectively. In study sites at Baganuur, the carbon and nitrogen content of plant materials (plant plus litter) was $118.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $4.7\;g\;m^{-2}$ on 30 June 2005.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

Backgrounds: In arid grasslands, wells are subject to heavy trampling and grazing pressure, which can increase vulnerability to local land degradation. To investigate trampling and grazing, we surveyed plant communities at three well sites in the desert steppe of Mongolia, using 1600-m line transects from the wells. The sites (Bshrub, Sshrub, and shrubL) differed by concomitant shrub type (big shrub, small shrub, and shrub-limited) and livestock pressure (light, medium, and heavy). A plant classification scheme based on edibility and morphology (rosette or creeping type) was used to separate grazing and trampling effects on plant communities. Results: Edible plants were dominant at all sites but a fraction of grazing- and trampling-tolerant plants increased in the order Bshrub, Sshrub, and shrubL, following livestock pressure. Clear transition zones from inedible to edible plant groups were recognized but at different locations and ranges among the sites. Trampling-tolerant plants explained 90% of inedible plants at Sshrub with camels and horses, but grazing-tolerant plants prevailed (60%) at shrubL with the largest livestock number. Plant coverage increased significantly along the transects at Bshrub and Sshrub but showed no meaningful change at shrubL. Herbaceous plant biomass showed significant positive and negative trends at Bshrub and shrubL, respectively. Conclusions: Both grazing and trampling can produce larger fractions of inedible plants; in this, camel and horses can have considerable effects on desert-steppe plant communities through trampling.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2012

This study was compared to the differences in the habitat, species composition and community structure of revegetation and nature area in Korea. Plant number in plot of revegetation and nature area was 10.3 and 15.0 taxa, respectively, and coverage was 90.6 and 88.1%, respectively. Revegetation and nature area was very heterogeneous, due to low similarity index (0.38) and less common plants. Festuca arundinacea frequency (56.7%) was highest in revegetation area, and Oplismenus undulatifolius frequency (66.7%) was highest in nature area. Plant appearing of revegetation and nature area was 111 and 136 taxa, respectively. Herb appearing of revegetation and nature areas was 93 (83.3%) and 72 (52.9%) taxa, respectively, tree was 18 (16.2%) and 64 (47.1%) taxa, respectively. Plant communities of revegetation area was classified into Lespedeza bicolor, Indigofera amblyantha, Alnus sibirica, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Setaria faberii, Rudbeckia bicolor, Pueraria lobata community. Plant communities of nature area was classified into Pinus densiflora, Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Castanea crenata, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Phyllostachys bambusoides community. Habitat, species composition and community structure of revegetation and nature area showed a large difference.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

본 연구는 빗물 활용 옥상녹화에서 식재기반 차이에 따른 한라구절초의 생육 변화를 살펴보고, 적합한 토심과 토양배합비를 제시함으로써 옥상조경 식물소재로 활용성을 높이고자 한다. 토심(15cm, 25cm)과 토양배합비(SL, $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$, $P_4P_4L_2$)를 각각 다르게 실험구를 조성하였으며, 내건성과 관상가치가 뛰어난 한라구절초를 식재한 후 초장, 녹피율, 엽록소 함량, 생체중과 건조중, T/R율 등을 측정하였다. 토심 15cm처리구에서 토양배합비에 따른 한라구절초의 초장의 경우 통계적 유의성은 발견되지 않으나, 전반적으로 PPL배합토인 $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$, $P_4P_4L_2$가 사양토인 SL보다 높았다. 토심 25cm처리구의 경우, SL < $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ < $P_4P_4L_2$ 순으로 초장이 길었다. 녹피율의 경우 토심 15cm처리구에서는 초장과 같이 토양배합비에 의한 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 수치적으로는 SL처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 토심 25cm처리구의 전체적으로 86~89%의 높은 피복률을 나타냈다. 엽록소 함량은 토심 15cm처리구에서 SL이 가장 높게, $P_5P_3L_2$이 가장 낮았으며, 토심 25cm처리구에서는 $P_4P_4L_2$과 SL에서 가장 높은 값을, $P_7P_1L_2$에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 생체중과 건물중의 경우 배합비보다는 토심에 따른 차이가 더 뚜렷하여 토심 25cm처리구가 15cm처리구보다 높았다. 따라서 빗물활용 옥상녹화 식재지반에 있어 한라구절초의 생육은 토심 25cm가 토심 15cm보다, PPL배합토, 특히, 피트모스함량이 높은 $P_4P_4L_2$이 사양토보다 더 적합한 생육환경을 제공해 주는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

To quantitatively analyze the effects of burning, we conducted a vegetation survey in the grasslands in Kirigamine, central Japan. We classified each species into stages of succession based on the life-history traits of the species and defined the score of the species in each stand based on the classification. We weighted the scores with a v-value, the product of coverage and height in the quadrat, and summed them to calculate the index of dynamic status. With these indices, we were able to quantitatively compare the stands in the study area and discern minute differences between the stands with different lengths of restoration periods since the disturbance of burning. These indices correlated with the v-value of trees, suggesting that the disturbance of burning seemed to affect the trees in the stand. We then calculated the growth of the tree species Pinus densiflora to evaluate its contribution to the index of dynamic status.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1976

The marine algal vegetation of spring season in the intertidal belt of Jeju Island, Korea, was carried out by the quadrat method at 4 transects; Moseulpo, Kangjeong, Whabug, and Hado in 1976. The transects were divided into 5 stations by exposed frequencies of the substratum from water, such as more than 50%, 46-49%, 28-45%, 7-27%, and less than 6%. As a result, the algal vegetations were separated into three groups, high, middle and low algal communities. The representative dominant species of each group are aas follows. High algal community: Porphyra suborbiculata, Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gloiopeltis furcata. Middle algal community: Ishige okamurai, Hizikia fusiforme, Corallina pilulifera, Sargassum thunbergii. Low algal community: Sargassum ringgoldianum, Sarg. confusum. The coverage of these groups is 43.5, 57.6%, and 77.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1980

As a part of the environmental base line survey of the Onsan Industrial Base, Korea, marine algal communities were investigated using the quadrat method in Onsan-myon on the east coast of Korea from March to December of 1978. It was learned that the representative dominat species along the coast in the Onsan area throughout the year are Ulva pertusa, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, and Sargassum thunbergii. Both the number of algal species occurring in the quadrat (50$\times$50cm) and the total coverage were higher in March and September than in June and December. A total of 94 species (1 blue-green, 16 green, 25 brown, and 52 red algae) of marine algae was identified in this study.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to clarify of floristic composition and the landscape structure on the habitats of three Thalictrum plants, which were distributed in Daejeon, Korea. Floristic composition of habitats was organized by living in flatten open space needed a lot of sunlight and humidity. Landscape ecological structure of habitats was defined by soils of loamy skeletal mesic, slope between 25 to 30$^{\circ}$ Vegetation rating was 75 percent of woody coverage at less than 450 m above the sea levels, respectively. Distribution patterns of Thalictrum plants in Daejeon were presented on the 1 km X 1 km grid map.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.64-73
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• 1999

This study was conducted to find out the effects of hydroseeding material and seed mixture on the revegetation of rock cut-slopes by PEC4 (Polymer-Ecology-Control) Hydroseeding Measures. PEC4 hydroseeding material was applied to four cut-slopes using hydroseeding measures from April to August, 1999, and the field survey was carried out by monthly. PEC4 material consisted of bark compost and organic soil amendments. This material has high content of organic matter and high level of water holding capacity. PEC4 hydroseeding material shows low level of soil hardness, so it gives to good condition for seed germinating and plant growing in early stage. PEC4 material attached at rock cut-slopes by two types of adhesive agent was not eroded by rainfall. The plant coverage and number of plant species were affected by mixing ratio of seeds and seeding timing. From the viewpoint of plant establishment, the optimal hydroseeding timing of mixed seeds for plant growth seems to be in May. Most of the plant seeds were germinated well and they covered rock cut-slopes so quickly and effectively. Plant importance value of Silene armeria and Platycodon grandiflorum. were higher than any other seeded-native species in the competition between native species and exotic species, so they have enough possibility to be used for slope revegetation works. Thus it leads to conclusion that the revegetation method used in this experiment was a very effective method for plant establishment on rock cut-slopes.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2019

고랭지 경사지밭에서 아로니아를 재배할 때, 토양에 피복식물을 심어 토양유실을 방지하고 아로니아의 생육 및 수량성도 좋은 피복식물을 선발하고자 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 피복식물별 발생한 잡초는 무처리구(자연종)에 17종, 왕포아풀 처리구 12종, 흰토끼풀 처리구 14종, 들묵새 처리구 15종, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 16종이 발생하였으며 잡초 종류는 총24종이 발생하였다. 1년에 3회 예취하는 피복식물들의 예취전 초장은 무처리구(자연종)은 73.6 cm, 왕포아풀 처리구는 57.5 cm, 흰토끼풀 처리구는 36.8 cm, 들묵새 처리구는 48.3 cm, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 40.9 cm이었다. 초장으로 볼 때는 흰토끼풀과 긴병꽃풀이 피복식물로 적당한 것으로 생각되었다. 피복식물들의 3년차 피복율은 무처리구는 95.0%, 왕포아풀 처리구 100%, 흰토끼풀 처리구 87%, 들묵새 처리구 85%, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 100%로 왕포아풀과 긴병꽃풀이 가장 높았다. 아로니아의 3년차 주당 수량은 흰토끼풀 처리구에서 1,916 g 으로 가장 많았으며 그 다음이 들묵새 처리구 1,770 g, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 1,766 g, 무처리구 1,098 g, 왕포아풀 처리구 931 g 순이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해로 볼 때, 고랭지 아로니아 재배시 피복식물은 초장이 작고 옆으로 기는 특성이 있어 빨리 피복이 되고 잡초발생도 적은 긴병꽃풀이 적당하였으며 아로니아 정식후 이랑사이에 긴병꽃풀 묘을 심어 피복 식물로 재배함으로서 수량을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.