• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

WRKY family proteins are a class of plant-specific transcription factors involved in stress response signaling pathways. In this study a gene encoding a putative WRKY protein was isolated from a pepper EST database (http://genepool.kribb.re.kr). The cDNA, named Capsicum annuum WRKY2 (CaWRKY2), encodes a putative polypeptide of 548 amino acids, containing two WRKY domains with zinc finger motifs and two potential nuclear localization signals. Northern blot analyses showed that CaWRKY2 mRNA was preferentially induced during incompatible interactions of pepper plants with PMMoV, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria race 3. Furthermore, CaWRKY2 transcripts were strongly induced by wounding and ethephon treatment, whereas only moderate expression was detected following treatment with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. CaWRKY2 was translocated to the nucleus when a CaWRKY2-smGFP fusion construct was expressed in onion epidermal cells. CaWRKY2 also had transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Taken together our data suggest that CaWRKY2 is a pathogen-inducible transcription factor that may have a role in early defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2022

Hovenia dulcis, one of the traditional medicinal plants, is currently being used as a functional ingredient for the development of health functional foods that protects the liver from alcohol damage in Korea. A variety of pharmacological effects of Hovenia dulcis have been reported so far, but studies on immune-enhancing activity are insufficient. Thus, in this study, we report that Hovenia dulcis branches (HDB) induce the activation of macrophages. HDB increased the production of immunostimulatory factors and phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. TLR4 inhibition blocked HDB-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors. In addition, the JNK inhibition reduced the HDB-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors, and the HDB-mediated JNK activation was blocked by the TLR4 inhibition. HDB increased the level of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1. TLR4 inhibition blocked HDB-mediated increase in the level of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1. These findings indicate that HDB may induce TLR4/JNK-dependent macrophage activation and TLR4-dependent macrophage autophagy.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.01a
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• pp.45-47
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• 1995

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 1989

Developmental anatomy was conducted in order to elucidate the differentiating pattern of fascicular cambial initials in the hypocotyl of Ricinus communis. The homogeneous procambium with relatively short cells in early stage is transformed into a heterogeneous structure with long and short cells in late stage in tangential view. Fusiform and ray initials are gradually originated from the long and short cells of the procambium in hypocotyl in later stage respectively. Fusiform initials are not shorter than procambial cells because of the successive elongation of vascular meristematic cells. Therefore, the distinction between procambium and fascicular cambium is not made from comparison with their cell length. The characteristics of the fascicular cambium are gradully acquired at or just after completion of hypocotyl elongation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1994

Cotyledon segments of korean ginseng produced somatic embryos when cultured on MS basal medium, whereas plumule or excised axis explants did not. histological examination revealed that the cells in proximal region of cotyledon turned meristematic and densely cytoplasmic was composed of smaller and more densely cytiplasmic cells than the subepidermal cells. however, in the case both epidermis and subepidermal cells were almost the same in size and cytoplasmic density, the embryo originated from multiple cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.552-555
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• 2009

This study investigated the proapoptotic effect of ethanol extracts obtained from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower on human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells. Cells were treated with dandelion flowers ethanol extract (DFE) ranging from 1.5625 to $100{\mu}g/mL$ for 24 hr. Significant antiproliferative effects of DFE were first observed from at $6.25{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05), and this inhibition showed in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with more than $6.25{\mu}g/mL$ DFE, cell-cycle analysis showed that DFE caused an increase in the percentage of sub-G0/G1 cells and arrested at the S and G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, apoptosis induction by DFE involved p53 activation and bax upregulation as well as downregulation of bcl-2. Our findings indicate that DFE resulted in apoptotic cell death, suggesting that DFE possesses potential anticancer properties.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1988

The effects of the defoliant and desiccant dimethipin(2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin-1,1,4,4-tetraoxide) on the passive permeability and osmotic ground value of onion(Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells were investigated by plasmometric method. The osmotic ground value and the water permeability of onion epidermal cells were decreased by 9.8% and 41.2%, respectively, and the passive permeabilities of nonelectrolytesurea, methylurea, ethylurea and malonamide-were also decreased by the range of 15.7%∼57.8% after treatment with 10-3M dimethipin. After treatment with 10-4M dimethipin, the osimotic ground value and the solute permeability of onion epidermal cells were also decreased by 3.7% and 24.5%∼48.8%, respectively, but the water permeability of onion epidermal cells was increased by 8.3%. It was suggested that dimethipin treatment modified the cell membrane of onion epidermis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 1984

Reproductives structures of Pachymeniopsis elliptica (Holmes) Yamade (Rhodophyta, Grateloupiaceae) are investigated. In female gametophyte the carpogonial branch and auxiliary cell are produced in separate accessory branch system, the primary ampullar filament originated from mid-cortical layer. After fertilization, auxiliary cell joined with connecting filament becomes a fusion cell by fusing with several neighboring ampullar cells. The fusion cell produces a gonimoblast initial. It divides into gonimoblast cells, which later convert to carposporangia. In male gametophyte superficial cortical cells of vegetative filament produce two spermatangial mother cells which cut off up to three spermatangia respectively. Tetrasporangial initials are formed from the 6th to 12th cells of the cortical layer in tetrasporophyte, and divided cruciately to form tetrasporangium. Some of the sporangia are, however, divided zonately.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1990

Suspension cell lines have been newly established from the calli derived from the immuature embryo culture of hexapolid (Triticum aestivum var. sicco), tetrapolid (T. durum) and diploid (T. tauchii or Aegilops squarrosa) wheat species. The chromosomal variation in suspension cultured cell lines was examined and old cell line, C82d, established from T. aestivum var. copain was also used. New method using 1-bromonaphthalene for metaphase rapping of suspension cells was developed. Variation in chromosome number was observed among all the suspension lines. Cells with doubled chromosome number and deleted chromosome were also observed. Extensive structural changes in chromosome were found in C82d line. Chromosome aberrations showed loss of chromosome arms and chromosome segment. The mean chromosome number in suspension cells of T. aestivum var. sicco was 40, in C82d line 33, in T. durum 28 and in T. tauchii 14. The stability of chromosome in suspension cells of diploid and tetrapolid wheats was higher than that of hexaploid wheat.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be stressful for people. Public health actions, such as social distancing, can make people feel isolated and lonely and can increase stress and anxiety. As a result, there is a growing interest towards various materials to relieve stress. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-stress effects of ethanol extract of Ziziphus jujuba in PC12 cells treated with corticosterone and its underling mechanisms. Furthermore, the viability of the cells, the apoptosis of the cells, the level of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERKs) expression were measured by MTT assay, LDH assay, Hoechst staining assay and western blotting. Our results showed that the extract of Ziziphus jujuba reversed corticosterone-induced damage in PC12 cells, which increased cell viability, decreased LDH release, and attenuated corticosterone-induced apoptosis as compared with the corticosterone-treated group. Therefore, these data suggest that the extract of Ziziphus jujuba could be a good candidate for development as a functional food supplement in the improve the anti-stress effect.