• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2016

Birds play a main role in the formation and change of forest structures as they are seed-dispersal agents. This study aims to identify birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree and their associated fruits and seeds on Jeju Island in the context on the forest restoration in Korea. We conducted field surveys twice a month from 2013 to 2015 at nine study sites located across Jeju Island and collected available photographic and observation records. A total of 50 species of birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree were identified and birds belonging to Bombycillidae, Pycnonotidae, Zosteropidae, Sturnidae and Fringillidae were confirmed as major birds consuming fruits and seeds of the tree. Gulping was the dominant type of feeding as well as crushing, but relationship between the size of a bird and the number of fruit and seed species used by the bird was not significant. We also documented that 118 fruit and seed species were consumed by birds and that shrubby fruits and seeds were more consumed by birds than those of other plant types. The relative consumption rate of fruits and seeds ranged from 0.02 to 0.44, but five species were the most important fruits and seeds for birds. Our finding suggest that avian frugivorous gulpers will benefit the seed dispersal, especially of five fruiting plants, providing useful baseline data for forest restoration and urban park design.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2010

Migratory birds, by crossing significant ecological barriers, carry and may subsequently introduce exotic seeds into new ecological zones during period of migration. The study of epizoochory, which includes seed dispersal by adhesion to bird feathers, has been relatively neglected compared to the study of seed dispersal by frugivores. To determine whether exotic seeds are being imported to stopover islands by migrating birds, and to estimate the quantity of seeds of exotic species being introduced, we examined migratory birds that were captured in mist nets for attached exotic plant diaspores in 2008 and 2009 on Hongdo Island, Korea. From a total of 3,947 birds examined, we found exotic seeds of Japanese Chaff Flowers (Achyranthes japonica) attached to three species of migratory birds (0.08%; Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris, Swinhoe's Rail Coturnicops exquisitus and Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis). Despite the low occurrence of A. japonica seeds on the external parts of birds, the results suggest that migratory birds may be potential dispersing agents for A. japonica, a species that is currently threatening native ecosystems on many islands in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2018

An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro germination of seeds of Couroupita guianensis has been developed in the present study. Couroupita guianensis is a medicinally important tree and categorized as threatened plant species by the IUCN. The seeds were surface sterilized using 0.1% $HgCl_2$ and inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog) and Woody Plants (Llyod and McCown) medium. The seeds with partially removed seed coat responded better (100%) on half strength MS medium as compared to the full (51%), one-fourth strength MS (79%) and the WP medium. Half strength MS medium conjunct with $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) was found best among the different types of auxins and cytokinins tested for seed germination, as all the seeds germinated on this medium combination. The seedlings were successfully hardened in the greenhouse and restored in the field with 83% survival rate. The protocol can be used as conservation measure for large scale multiplication of this threatened forest tree species.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2007

Carbon materials of various morphologies were synthesized by pyrolysis of Soap-nut seeds (Sapindus mukorossi), Jack Fruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Date-seeds (Phoenix dactylifera), Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica), Tea leaves (Ehretia microphylla), Bamboo stem (Bambusa bambus) and Coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera), without using any catalyst. Carbon materials thus formed were characterized by SEM XRD and Raman. Carbon thus synthesized varied in size (in ${\mu}m$) but all showed highly porous morphology. These carbon materials were utilized as the anode in Lithium secondary battery. Amongst the various precursors, carbon fibers obtained from Soap-nut seeds (Sapindus mukorossi) and Bamboo stem (Bambusa bambus), even after $100^{th}$ cycles, showed the highest capacity of 130.29 mAh/g and 92.74 mAh/g respectively. Morphology, surface areas and porosity of carbon materials obtained from these precursors were analyzed to provide interpretation for their capacity to intercalate lithium. From the Raman studies it is concluded that graphitic nature of carbon materials assist in the intercalation of lithium. Size of cavity (or pore size of channels type structure) present in carbon materials were found to facilitate the intercalation of lithium.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.527-531
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• 2003

The interest of oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs) as therapeutic agents against diseases involving radical damage is growing. Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenolic compounds in several plant species and are oligomers of flavan-3-ol monomer units. Polyphenols in green and black tea, grape seeds, grapes and wine have raised much attention but mountain grape seed has not been investigated intensively up to now This study investigated the total OPCs contents and the total antioxidant activity of mountain grape seeds. Total antioxidant activity using DPPH method was employed and OPCs contents were determined by means of the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The total OPCs yield of mountain grape seeds was about 1.45 % and total antioxidant activity was 15.8 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.368.3-369
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• 2002

Pharbitis nil Choisy (convolvulaceae) is an annual vine plant and grows at the wayside of Korea. Japan. China and India. The seeds of blue or red Pharbitis nil Choisy. Pharbitidis Semen, is black or red-brown. This seeds have been used as a purgative. From a preliminary experiment. Pharbitidis Semen exhibited anti-cancer activity. MeOH extract of this seeds was subsequently fractionated into four parts: methylene chloride, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. (omitted)

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2017

The phytochemical study for the extract of Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaceae) seeds has led to the isolation of ten compounds including five simple phenolic compounds, two indole derivatives, a flavonoid glycoside, two abscisic acid derivatives. The interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-Q-TOF-MS spectroscopic data revealed the chemical structures of isolates to be p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), (E)-p-coumaric acid (3), (E)-ferulic acid (4), (E)-sinapate-4-O-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranoside (5), tryptophan (6), 3-indoleacetic acid (7), isoschaftoside (8), dihydrophaseic acid (9), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranoside (10). To the best of our knowledge, 1 - 5 and 7 were identified for the first time from N. nucifera seeds, and the presence of dihydrophaseic acid (9) and its glucoside (10) were demonstrated secondly in this plant.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2018

벼 직파재배 유형(담수산파, 무논점파) 및 사용 종자별 생육특성 및 수량 비교 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. ① 출아일수는 9~11일이 소요되었고, 싹튼 볍씨 사용이 철분코팅볍씨 사용 직파보다 1~2일이 빨랐으며, m²당 입모 수는 103~147개로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았으나, 벼 직파방법 간에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 결주율(무논점파)은 2.7~3.7%이었다. ② 초장생육에서 직파는 기계이앙 보다는 짧았고, 벼 직파방법 간에는 담수산파가 무논점파보다 파종 후 60일까지는 길었으나, 파종 후 75일 이후는 비슷하였다. 사용 종자 간에는 철분코팅볍씨 사용이 싹튼 볍씨 사용보다 길었고, 담수산파에서는 통계적 유의성도 있었다. ③ m²당 경수는 6월 17일(파종후 30일)에는 기계이앙이, 파종 후 45일과 60일에는 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았고, 파종 후 75일과 90일 m²당 경수는 352~405개로 벼 재배방법 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. ④ 출수기는 직파에서 8월 21~23일로 기계이앙(8월 13일)보다는 8~10일이 늦었고, 직파방법 간에는 차이가 없었으나, 사용종자 간에는 철분코팅 볍씨 사용이 싹튼 볍씨 사용보다 2일이 빨랐다. ⑤ 성숙기 벼 생육특성에서 간장은 기계이앙(72.4cm)보다 철분코팅볍씨 사용 담수산파 및 무논점파는 통계적으로 각각 유의하게 길고 짧았으며, 수장은 무논점파의 싹튼 볍씨 사용(24.3cm)에서 가장 길었고, 담수산파 및 기계이앙과 통계적 유의성이 있었다. 벼 직파방법별 사용종자 간에는 수장은 별 차이가 없었다. m²당 수수는 357~407개로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았으나 벼 재배방법별로 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수당입수는 102~106개로 거의 같았다. ⑥ 수량구성요소는 m²당 입수는 37,105~42,450개, 현미천립중은 21.9~22.8g으로 담수산파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 많았고 무거웠다. 등숙비율은 77.6~86.3%으로 무논점파의 철분코팅볍씨 사용에서 가장 높았으나, 수량구성요소 모두 벼 재배방법 간에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. ⑦ 쌀 수량은 10a당 568~686kg으로 담수산파의 철분코팅 볍씨 사용(686kg/10a)에서 가장 높았으며 기계이앙 및 그 외 직파방법과 통계적 유의성도 있었다. 그 외 직파방법은 기계이앙(568kg/10a) 대비 3~7% 높았으나, 통계적 유의성은 없었다. ⑧ 잎도열병은 벼 생육초기 기계이앙과 담수산파에서 약간 발병하였고, 잎집무늬마름병과 이삭누룩병은 기계이앙>무논점파≥담수산파 순으로 심하였다. ⑨ 잡초는 담수산파의 싹튼 볍씨 사용에서 발생이 심했고, 8월 16일 이후는 벼 재배방법 다같이 후발피가 발생하였다. 잡초성벼는 기계이앙은 발생되지 않았으나, 싹튼 볍씨 사용 직파는 0.6~0.7%, 철분코팅볍씨 사용 직파는 0.1%정도 발생하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Certain beneficial microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil promote plant growth and induce resistance to a wide variety of plant pathogens. We obtained 49 fungal isolates from the rhizosphere soil of paprika plants, and selected 18 of these isolates that did not inhibit tomato seed germination for further investigation. Based on a seed germination assay, we selected four isolates for further plant tests. Treatment of seeds with isolate JF27 promoted plant growth in pot tests, and suppressed bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000. Furthermore, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown from seeds treated with JF27; expression remained at a consistently higher level than in the control plants for 12 h after pathogen infection. The phylogenetic analysis of a partial internal transcribed spacer sequence and the b-tubulin gene identified isolate JF27 as Aspergillus terreus. Taken together, these results suggest that A. terreus JF27 has potential as a growth promoter and could be used to control bacterial speck disease by inducing resistance in tomato plants.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.253.1-253.1
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• 2014

Plasma technology has been widely used for decontamination, differentiation, and disease treatment. Recently, studies show that plasma has effects on increasing seed germination and plant growth. In spite of increasing number of studies about plasma effects, the interaction between plasma and plants has been rarely informed. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma on seed germination and growth of coriander (Coriandum sativum), a medicinal plant. We used to Ar, air, and N2 plasma on seed as feeding gases. Plasma was discharged at 0.62 kV, 200 mA, 9.2 W. Seed germination was increased over time when treated with N2 based DBD plasma for exposure times of 30 seconds and 1 minute, everyday. After 7 days, about 80~100% of seeds were germinated in the treatment with N2 based DBD plasma, compared to control (about 40%, only gas treated seeds). In order to elucidate the mechanism of increased germination, we have analyzed characteristics of changes in plant hormones and seed surface structure by SEM.