• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

The flow boiling heat transfer of water was experimentally investigated on plain and sintered microporous surfaces in a mini-channel. The effects of microporous coating on flow boiling heat transfer of subcooled water were investigated in a 300 mm long mini-channel with a cross section of $20{\times}10mm^2$. The test section has sufficiently long entrance length of 300 mm which provides a fully-developed flow before the channel inlet. The bottom side of the channel was heated by a copper block assembled with a high-density cartridge heater and other sides of the channel were insulated. The microporous surface was fabricated by sintering copper particles with the average particle size of $50{\mu}m$ on the top side of the copper block. Heat transfer measurement was conducted at the mass flux of $208kg/m^2s$ and the heat flux up to $500kW/m^2$. Microporous coated surface showed an earlier boiling incipience compared with plain surface regardless of the mass flux. Microporous coating were significantly attributed to local wall temperature and local heat transfer coefficient for flow boiling.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to produce basic planning criteria required in ecological restoration and improvement works of streams in rural area through the application of stream assessment methods (water quality, soil environment, and ecological function assessment) at 6 study sites of Han River basin. The investigation results were as followings; 1) There were the evaluation items like a manure use, salt degree, river peripheral tree, which did not fitted to apply to domestic streams, in the SVAP (Stream Visual Assessment Protocol) and NRCS Riparian Assessment that were evaluation models developed in USDA. The area inhabitants with a little knowledge and education personally seems to utilize the evaluation methods through improvement partly with an aspect that evaluation is slightly easy. 2) From the stream assessment results, the construction of diverse pools, large woody debris and isolated backwater pool are needed to improve a few of problems observed at the mostly study sites. The result of NRCS Riparian Assessment showed that the improvement of stream bank vegetative communities is needed by planting tree with deep-binding root masses, and managing of noxious weeds and exotic undesirable plants. 3) Summing up, the assessment results showed that the assessment scores were higher at upstream than downstream, the stream with totally maintenance than that with partly maintenance, the stream with slope bank than that with vertical bank, and the stream with a flood plain than that without a flood plain. So, the direction of stream maintenance projects must be set by consideration of those results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.932-940
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• 2016

Pool boiling heat transfer of water saturated at atmospheric pressure was investigated experimentally on Cu surfaces with high-temperature, thermally-conductive, microporous coatings (HTCMC). The coatings were created by sintering Cu powders on Cu surfaces in a nitrogen gas environment. A parametric study of the effects of particle size and coating thickness was conducted using three average particle sizes (APSs) of $10{\mu}m$, $25{\mu}m$, and $67{\mu}m$ and various coating thicknesses. It was found that nucleate boiling heat transfer (NBHT) and critical heat flux (CHF) were enhanced significantly for sintered microporous coatings. This is believed to have resulted from the random porous structures that appear to include reentrant type cavities. The maximum NBHT coefficient was measured to be approximately $400kW/m^2k$ with APS $67{\mu}m$ and $296{\mu}m$ coating thicknesses. This value is approximately eight times higher than that of a plain Cu surface. The maximum CHF observed was $2.1MW/m^2$ at APS $67{\mu}m$ and $428{\mu}m$ coating thicknesses, which is approximately double the CHF of a plain Cu surface. The enhancement of NBHT and CHF appeared to increase as the particle size increased in the tested range. However, two larger particle sizes ($25{\mu}m$ and $67{\mu}m$) showed a similar level of enhancement.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 홍수터 식생에 의한 하안의 안정성을 고려하여 하도에서 사주의 거동과 하도의 지형변화 적응과정을 실내실험을 수행하여 분석하였다. 초기 직류하도에서 하안침식이 발생하고 하폭이 증가한다. 하폭 대 수심의 비가 증가한 후에, 교호사주가 발달하고, 하류로 이동한다. 시간이 증가함에 따라, 사주의 이동속도는 감소하고 사주의 파장은 증가한다. 홍수터에서 식생 밀도가 증가함에 따라, 하안침식율은 감소한다. 그러나 사주의 이동속도는 증가한다. 이는 하안의 안정성 변화가 사주의 이동속도에 영향을 주기 때문이다. 하폭이 증가하고 수심이 감소하면서 무차원 소류력인 Shield Number는 증가하며, 사주의 이동속도도 증가한다. 이는 또한 이동하는 교호사주와 선택적 침식에 의해 발생한 불규칙한 하안 사이에 작용하는 강제효과 때문에 하안의 안정성이 작은 하도에서 사주의 이동속도는 감소한다. 시간이 증가함에 따라 사주의 파장은 증가한다. 사주의 파장이 증가하면서 사주의 이동속도는 감소한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.781-786
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• 2009

양파즙을 추출하여 수분과 설탕비를 맞추어 수분함량대비 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%를 첨가하여 식빵을 제조하였다. 식빵의 무게, 부피 및 비용적은 양파즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 굽기손실율은 양파즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 색도를 측정한 결과 양파즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 백색도(L 값)는 낮게 나타났으며, 적색도 (a값)와 황색도 (b값)는 양파즙 첨가량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. 양파즙 첨가 식빵의 pH 결과는 저장 기간 동안 감소하였으며, 무첨가군이 가장 높게 나타났고 양파즙 첨가 식빵이 낮게 나타났다. 경도를 측정한 결과 양파즙을 첨가할수록 낮았으며 무첨가군이 높게 나타났다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 경도는 증가하였으며 무첨가군이 양파즙 첨가군에 비해 급격하게 증가하였다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 수분활성도는 감소하였으나 양파즙 첨가식빵이 무첨가군에 비해 높았으며 호기성균과 곰팡이균의 변화 또한 저장기간이 증가할수록 균수는 증가하였다. 관능평가 결과 맛, 향, 표면상태, 식감, 종합적인 기호도에서 무첨가군과 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 3% 첨가군이 가장 높게 평가되었다. 관능결과로부터 양파즙 3${\sim}$5% 를 첨가하는 것이 최적의 범위로 판단되었고 양파즙을 첨가함으로 인해 건강, 기호성 식품일 뿐만 아니라 제품의 저장기간도 연장시켜주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 1997

Physical variables related to the subjective evaluation of wear comfort were explored. Experimental fabrics was those used in the previous paper where subjective sensations of women's thin shirts were reported. Fabrics include 100% cotton (unfinished), 100% cotton (water repellent finished), cotton/polyester 35/65 (unfinished), cotton/polyester 35/65 (peach skin finished), 100% polyester fabric(plain), 100% polyester crepe. Among various physical properties of the experimental fabrics, heat 8E moisture transport properties and surface properties were chosen as important variables based on the regression coefficient. Especially, humidity at the microclimate in dynamic mode was highly correlated to the subjective evaluation and appeared to be a sensitive physical predictor, compared to dry thermal transmission rate or water vapor transmission rate. Surface characteristic parameters, however, did not show consistant trend in the prediction of the human's subjective sensation. Interaction between surface properties and humidity measurement was also observed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.259-262
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• 1999

In underground reinforced concrete structures, such as drainage structure, water and chloride ion penetrated into concrete through the cracks of concrete and its permeable property, cause the corrosion of reinforcing steel bar, which accelerates the expansive cracks and deterioration of concrete. It is necessary to control those deterioration of underground structure by improving its permeability and durability through the reasonable solutions in design, construction and materials. In the present study, fly ash concrete, which has good material properties in long-term period, was compared and studied with plain concrete using ordinary portland cement in terms of fundamental mechanical properties, permeability, drying shrinkage and durability. Also, the mix design and field test of low permeable concrete using fly ash were performed. From this study, fly ash concrete can control the penetration of water and chloride ion effectively by forming dense micro-structure of concrete. Therefore, fly ash concrete may increase the long-term function, performance and serviceability of underground structures.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.151-154
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• 1999

The lining concrete of water tunnel is a structure that is constructed to prevent from corroding of the rock around tunnel and reduce the deterioration of geology by flowing water, and to improve the durability of tunnel, which must not only economy, stability but also satisfy the engeneering properties of concrete. This is an experimental study to analyze th usability of fly in the tunnel lining concrete. For this purpose, after select the mix proportion of plain concrete and concrete using fly ash(the replacement of 15 and 30% by weight of cement) to satisfy slump, air content and compressive strength through the mix design, the test of slump, setting time, compressive strength, tensile strength, drying shrinkage and adiabatic temperature rise was performed. According to test results, it was found that FA 15 concrete was more effective than the others to reduce drying shrinkage as well satisfy other engineering properties.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2004

The complex ecological researches were made in the broad-leaved forest zone of Central Europe in nature reserves and national parks located on the banks of the river (hydrology, vegetation, soils, unconfined ground waters). The natural conditions of terrestrial ecosystems and natural sites were compared along the course of the rivers. The significant negative influence of low-dammed (low-confined hydrotechnic) construction and small reservoirs on vegetation and soils of floodplain was revealed. On the basis of analysis of mean annual water level and flow trends on the multi-years series (60-100 years) of the hydrometric stations on the rivers under consideration the significant influence of natural long-term variability of watering on vegetation dynamics in the floodplains was revealed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.57-60
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• 2002

Recently, the coal ash production has been increased by increase of consumption of electric power. So it is important to find a reclaimed place and treatment utility for treating coal ash. Accordingly, in this study we performed an experimental study to compare and analyze the Properties of concrete according to W/C and bottom ash replacement ratio. As a result of this study, it was found that the bleeding content was decreased according to decrease of W/C and increase of bottom ash replacement ratio, and the compressive strength of concrete using bottom ash was similar to plain concrete(replacement ratio 0%).