• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.119-122
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• 2000

In this paper, we implement an elementary system to correct accent, pronunciation, and intonation in English spoken by non-native English speakers. In case of the accent evaluation, energy and pitch information are used to find stressed syllables, and then we extract the segment information of input patterns using a dynamic time warping method to discriminate and evaluate accent position. For the pronunciation evaluation. we utilize the segment information using the same algorithm as in accent evaluation and calculate the spectral distance measure for each phoneme between input and reference. For the intonation evaluation. we propose nine pattern of slope to estimate pitch contour, then we grade test sentences by accumulated error obtained by the distance measure and estimated slope. Our result shows that 98 percent of accent and 71 percent of pronunciation evaluation agree with perceptual measure. As the result of the intonation evaluation. system represent the similar order of grade for the four sentences having different intonation patterns compared with perceptual evaluation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.9
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2015

Recently, computer form were smaller than before because of computing technique's development and many wearable device are formed. So, computer's cognition of human emotion has importantly considered, thus researches on analyzing the state of emotion are increasing. Human voice includes many information of human emotion. This paper proposes a discriminative feature vector selection for emotion classification based on speech. For this, we extract some feature vectors like Pitch, MFCC, LPC, LPCC from voice signals are divided into four emotion parts on happy, normal, sad, angry and compare a separability of the extracted feature vectors using Bhattacharyya distance. So more effective feature vectors are recommended for emotion classification.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2294-2302
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to obtain detailed information for the micro fabrication of lead frames by applying spray technology to wet etching process. Wet etching experiments were performed with different etching parameters such as injection pressure, distance from nozzle tip to etched substrate, nozzle pitch and etchant temperature. The characteristics of single and twin spray were measured to investigate the correlation between the spray characteristics and the etching characteristics. Drop size and velocity were measured by Phase-Doppler Anemometer (PDA). Four liquids of different viscosity were used to reveal the effects of viscosity on the spray characteristics. The results indicated that the shorter the distance from nozzle tip and the nozzle pitch, the larger etching factor became. The average etching factor had good positive correlation with average axial velocity and impact force. It was found that the etching characteristics depended strongly on the spray characteristics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

The neutron multiplication factor in spent fuel storage racks, in which a stainless steel plate encloses a fuel assembly, was evaluated according to the variation of distance between the fuel assembly and stainless steel plate, as well as the pitch. The stainless steel plate position with the lowest multiplication factor on each pitch consistently appeared as 6mm or 9mm away from the outmost surface of the fuel assembly. Because the stainless steel plate has a thermal neutron absorption cross section, its ability to absorb neutrons can work best only if it is installed at the position where thermal neutrons can be gathered most easily. Therefore, the stainless steel plate position should not be too close or too far away from the fuel assembly, but it should be kept a pertinent distance from the fuel assembly.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 1989

The propose of this study is augmentation of heat transfer without additional external power in 2-dimensional impinging air jet. The passive heat transfer augmentation method tried in this experimental study is placement of rod bundles with the clearance, 2mm, in front of the heat transfer surface. The effects of pitch distance among rods and nozzle-to-target plate distance are investigated. The overall heat transfer rate of flat plate with rods reaches maximum at H/B=10 and P=40mm, and for H/B=2 and P=40mm the augmentation rate of heat transfer becomes maximum to a value which is about 1.57 times that of the flat plate without rods.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2010

Activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from pitch by the combination of a chemical oxidation with different $H_2O_2$ concentrations i.e., 5, 15, and 25 wt% and a chemical activation with KOH at a constant KOH/pitch ratio of 3/1. The influence of $H_2O_2$ solution on the microporous properties of the pitch and the final activated carbons were invested using XRD, FT-IR, XPS, $N_2$-adsorption, and SEM. XRD indicated that the value of interplanar distance $d_{002}$ increased by chemical oxidation. FT-IR and XPS results showed that the chemical oxidation promoted the formation of surface oxygen functionalities. Also, the specific surface area of the resulting ACs was increased with increasing the concentration of $H_2O_2$ chemical oxidation and showed a maximum value of $2111m^2/g$ at 25 wt% $H_2O_2$ concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.506-508
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• 2002

As an advancement of medical imaging modalities and analyzing software with multi-function, active researches to acquire high contrast and high resolution image being done. In recently, development of medical imaging modalities like as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is aiming to display anatomical structure more accuracy and faster. Thus, one of the important areas in CT today is the use of CT scanner for the quantitative evaluation of 3-D reconstruction images from 2-D tomographic images. In CT system, the effective slice thickness and the quality of 3-D reconstructed image will be influenced by imaging acquisition parameters (e.g. pitch and scan mode). In diagnosis and surgical planning, the accurate distance measurements of 3-D anatomical structures play an important role and the accuracy of distance measurements will depend on the acquisition parameters such as slice thickness, pitch, and scan mode. The skull phantom was scanned with SDCT for various acquisition parameters and acquisition slice thicknesses were 3 and 5 mm, and reconstruction intervals were 1, 2, and 3 mm to each pitch. 3-D visualizations and distance measurements were performed with PC based 3-D rendering and analyzing software. Results showed that the image quality and the measurement accuracy of 3-D SDCT images are independent to the reconstruction intervals and pitches.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 1998

The effect of heat treatment conditions on the properties of tungsten(W) embolization coils has been evaluated. The W embolization coils were fabricated by coiling the primary W coil with a diameter of 30.mm on a alumina rod mandrel with a diameter of 2.92mm. The secondary coils were then heat treated at 475$^{\circ}C$and 600$^{\circ}C$ for various heat treatment time ranging from 5 minutes to 36hours. The pitch distance, diameter and shape retention capability of the W embolization coils were characterized after the heat treatment. The pitch distance of the W embolization coils increased with the heat treatment time. The diameter of W emboliazation coils decreased continuously with heat treatment time. The shape retention capability of the W embolization coils increased with the heat treatment time due to an increase in elasticity by formation of tungsten oxide film on W coil surface during the heat treatment. The heat treatment condition of W embolization Col at 600$^{\circ}C$ for 20 minute was considered desirable based on the optimization of the shape retention capability, pitch distance and secondary coil diameter after heat treatment.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2022

Through Silicon Via (TSV) is a technology that interconnects chips through silicon vias. TSV technology can achieve shorter distance compared to wire bonding technology with excellent electrical characteristics. Due to this characteristic, it is currently being used in many fields that needs faster communication speed such as memory field. However, there is performance degradation issue on TSV technology due to the parasitic capacitance. To deal with this problem, in this study, the parasitic capacitance with TSV design factors is analyzed using commercial tool. TSV design factors were set in three categories: size, aspect ratio, pitch. Each factor was set by dividing the range with TSV used for memory and package. Ansys electronics desktop 2021 R2.2 Q3D was used for the simulation to acquire parasitic capacitance data. DOE analysis was performed based on the reaction surface method. As a result of the simulation, the most affected factors by the parasitic capacitance appeared in the order of size, pitch and aspect ratio. In the case of memory, each element interacted, and in the case of package, it was confirmed that size * pitch and size * aspect ratio interact, but pitch * aspect ratio does not interact.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the normal angles of the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle for diagnosis of foot deformity in Korea. This would be helpful as it would provide a basic angular measurement of flat and cavus foot that indicates the need for operation. Materials and Methods: Within a period of four months from January 2007 to April 2007, We have established 600 feet of 300 males without trauma history of foot. The source to image distance is 40 inches and erect weight bearing radiographs are obtained in anteroposterior and lateral projections. The significant angular measurements that define flat or cavus foot are the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle. Results: The mean age was 21 years (19-22 years) old. The mean talus-1st metatarsal angle was $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, the mean talo-horizontal angle was $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and the mean calcaneal pitch angle was $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$. Conclusion: We can consider that mean talus-1st metatarsal angle, talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle are $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$ as an normal angle limit of young age in Korea.