• 환경생물
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2002

본 연구는 계룡산국립공원의 지류인 도덕봉과 백운봉의 산림식생을 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 산림군락을 분류하고 이 지역의 식생 현황 파악과 국립공원관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 식물사회학적 방법으로 89개 조사구를 분석한 결과, 신갈나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 소나무군락, 서어나무군락, 리기다소나무-곰솔군락으로 구분되었다. 신갈나무군락은 해발고가 가장 높고 경사가 급한 지역에 분포하였으며, 졸참나무군락은 해발고가 비교적 낮고 경사가 급한 지역에 분포하였다. 그리고 굴참나무군락은 신갈나무군락에 비해 해발고가 낮은 남사면의 건조한 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 소나무군락은 해발고가 비교적 높고 폭이 좁은 건조한 능선 부위에 분포하고 있으며, 서어나무군락은 주로 남사면 계곡부의 중부에 분포하고 있었다. 그리고 리기다-곰솔군락은 조림군락이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The study was aimed to understand the ecological status of the Maebongsan urban forest in Cheongju-si through investigating the vegetation, soil characteristics, and soil microarthropods. Phytosociological analysis for twenty plots revealed that the plant communities were classified into Pinus rigida community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Castanea crenata community, Quercus acutissima community, Pinus strobus community, Pinus koraiensis community, and Larix kaempferi community. The importance value showed that afforestation tree species like Castanea crenata, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Pinus rigida dominate the urban forest. DBH analysis indicated that although the plant communities seem to be under the succession to Quercus forest, the dominance of Castanea crenata and Robinia pseudoacacia might still persist for several more decades. The properties of soils from the plant communities showed that loamy sand and sandy loam in soil texture, low organic matters, and severe acidification. The abundance of soil microarthropods were not different among the plant communities except Castanea crenata community and Pinus koraiensis community. The two communities showed especially low abundance of collembola and acarina. Thus, we can say that Castanea crenata community and Pinus koraiensis community seem to have been influenced strongly by anthropogenic activities.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of monosaccharides extracted by saturated portland cement solution on the cement setting in comparision with the inhibitory index (I) of each lignocellulosic-cement system. The wood species which have been widely reforested in Korea, Populus alba-grandulosa, Larix leptolepis, Abies holophylla, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora and agricultural wastes of rice husk and rice stalk were used at this study. The wood meal, 0.50g on dry weight basis, through 0.83 mm(20 mesh) and retained on 0.35mm (40 mesh) screen was extracted by 25 ml saturated portland cement solution and the pH of saturated portland cement solution Was 12.7. To eliminate cation exsisting in the extracted solution, the cation exchange column was used (Fig. 4). Afterwards the extracted monosaccharides were reduced into alditols with sodium borohydride and analyzed by the gas-liquid chromatography for xylan, mannan, arabinan, galactan, gluean. The heat of cement hydration for lignocellulosic-cement system was measured in Dewar flask (Fig. 2). And then the inhibitory indices were calculated from maximum hydration temperature, time and maximum slops of hydration curve of ligno cellulosic-cement systems. The results obtained were as follows; (1) The inhibitory index of pines-Pinus rigida (I=29.33) and Pinus densiflora (I=35.76), were lower than that of poplar-Populus alba-glandulosa (I=41.48), and the index of Larix ieptoiepis (I=73.00) was the highest among eight lignocellulosic-cement systems, and accordingly both Pinus rigida and Pinus des(flora were seemed to be good wood species for wood-cement composite manufacture. (2) In case of Pinus rigida, the inhibitory index was 29.33 and the ratio of the hexoses to the pemoses was 6.04 and in case of Larix leptolepis, the index and the ratio were 73.00 and 35.19, respectively. Therefore the inhibitory index increased with increasing the ratios of the hexoses to the pentoses. (3) The richer amount of xylose and mannose in species caused decreasing the slops of the hydration curve of the lignocellulosic-cement system, prohahly due to the chemical adsorption of the acetyl groups in the hemicellulose on the surface of cement grains. (4) The amoun of xylose and mannose were significant to the inhibitory index of each lignocellulosic-cement system but any specific relation between the amount of glucose and inhibitory index was not found.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1986

국내산(國內産) 16수종재의 철오염(鐵汚染), 알칼리오염(汚染) 산오염(酸汚染), 태양광(太陽光)에 의한 변색을 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 철오염(鐵汚染)이 심(甚)한 수종(樹種)은 일본잎갈나무, 신갈나무, 느티나무, 왕버섯나무등 이었고, 적은 수종(樹種)은 참오동나무, 리기다소나무등 이었다. 2. 국내산수종(國內産樹種)은 알칼리오염(汚染)이 적은 평이었고, 알칼리오염(汚染)이 낮은 수종은 젓나무, 음나무, 현사시, 고로쇠나무, 리기다소나무, 신갈나무, 자작나무, 왕벗나무, 느티나무, 이태리포플러, 잣나무, 참오동나무 등이었다. 3. 산오염(酸汚染)이 심(甚)한 수종(樹種)은 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 사용재중(使用材中)에는 나타나지 않았고, 낮은 수종은 리기다소나무, 오동나무, 잣나무, 신갈나무, 음나무, 고로쇠나무 등 이었다. 4. 태양광(太陽光)에 의한 변색은 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 사용(使用)한 공시재중(供試材中)에는 변색의 정도가 높은편으로서 변색이 심(甚)한 수종은 일본잎갈나무, 고로쇠나무, 참오도나무, 이태리포플러, 소나무, 아까시나무, 젓나무, 현사시, 느티나무, 왕벗나무, 리기다소나무 등이었으며, 태양광에 의한 변색이 낮은 수종(樹種)은 오리나무로서 국내산재 16수종이 태양광에 의한 변색의 정도가 높은 것이 특징이었다. 일반적(一般的)으로, 한국산(韓國産) 수종(樹種)은 태양광(太陽光)과 철오염(鐵汚染)에 의한 정도가 높은 편이었고, 알칼리오염(汚染)과 산오염(酸汚染)에 의한 변색은 낮은 편에 속하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.494-506
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• 1982

보문산의 교목림(喬木林) 군집(群集)을 대상(對象)으로 수종(樹種)의 종군분유(種群分類)와 천이(遷移)계열(系列)을 추정(推定)하기 위하여 $20{\times}20m$의 quadrat를 22개소(個所) 선정하였다. 교목(喬木) 및 토양(土壤)의 분석(分析)에는 reciprocal ave raging(RA) ordination 방법(方法)을 사용하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 보문산에 출현(出現)한 교목(喬木) 수종(樹種)은 20종(種)이었으며, 우세종(優勢種)은 Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta, Pinus rigida 등(等)이다. 2. RA ordination으로 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 보문산의 교목(喬木) 군집(群集)은 Pinus rigida와 Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora 군(群)으로 구별(區別)된다. 3. 천이계열(移系列)에서 교목림(喬木林) 군집(群集)의 극상(極相)은 Quercus variabilis로 추정(推定)된다. 4. 토양(土壤) 요인(要因)으로는 T-N, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$, $P_2O_5$, 유기물, C. E. C, pH, $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$가 분석(分析)되었으며, 토양(土壤) 환경(環境)을 지배하는 주성분(主成分)은 T-N, $NO_3$, $NH_4^+$, $P_2O_5$라고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.343-346
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• 1996

리기다소나무재의 변색 부위로부터 분리한 변색균을 다시 건전 목재에 접종하여 이 균의 목재 침입경로를 구명한 바, 처음 균사가 목재내 방사유세포에 침입하여 방사유세포 안에서 수평 방향의 이동을 계속하다가, 시간이 경과하면 가도관내로 이동하여 이 가도관을 통로로 하여 수직 방향으로 확산을 계속하였다. 침입 90일이 지나면 목재내 각 조직으로의 침입이 완료되어 균사가 세포내강에 만연한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 메탄올 추출물은 변색균의 목재 침입 경로에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate whether pine needle extracts can be used as tobacco flavors. Yield of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin extracted from pine needles is 0.07%, 1.20% and 6.08% respectively. The volatile compounds isolated from the three types of extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and mass selective detector(MSD). Total 72 components were identified in the three type of extracts including 26 hydrocarbons, 16 alcohols, 13 esters, 9 acids, 4 phenols, 2 aldehydes and 2 ketones compounds. The major components were $\beta$-pinene, $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\delta$-cadinene and 4,5-dimethyl-1,3 -dioxol-2-one. There were 49 volatile components in the absolute, 44 components in the essential oil and 26 components in the oleoresin. The content of hydrocarbons and alcohols was higher in the essential oil extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) than in others, while that of esters and acids was higher in the absolute than in others. Especially, phenols and ketones were identified only in the oleoresin. The components such as $\beta$-pinene, bornyl acetate, $\alpha$-terpineol and oxygenated terpenes have characteristic piney and fresh green odor. The contents of these components was higher in the essential oil and the absolute than in the oleoresin. Therefor, the essential oil and the absolute are expected to be more useful than the oleoresin as tobacco flavor.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.325-328
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• 1996

리기다소나무재의 변색 부위로부터 분리한 변색균을 다시 건전 목재에 접종하여 이 균의 목재 침입 경로를 구명한 바, 처음 균사가 목재내 방사유세포에 침입하여 방사유세포 안에서 수평 방향의 이동을 계속하다가, 시간이 경과하면 가도관내로 이동하여 이 가도관을 통로로 하여 수직 방향으로 확산을 계속하였다. 침입 90일이 지나면 목재내 각 조직으로의 침입이 완료되어 균사가 세포내강에 만연한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 메탄올 추출물은 변색균의 목재 침입 경로에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

We examined the effects of fertilization [control (C), 200 kg N ha^{-1} + 25 kg P ha^{-1}$ (LNP), and 400 kg N $ha^{-1} + 50 kg P ha^{-1}$ (HNP)] on fine root (＜ 2 mm diameter) dynamics using monthly soil coring method in a 39-year-old Pinus rigida plantation of central Korea. The average fine root biomass (live + dead) (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) during the first growing season for C, LNP, and HNP was 1301 $\pm$ 54, 1084 $\pm$ 47, and 1328 $\pm$ 22, respectively. The fine root production (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) was 2394 $\pm$ 128 for C, 2048 $\pm$ 101 for LNP, and 2768 $\pm$ 150 for HNP, respectively. Over the same period, fertilization treatments had impact on N and P concentrations of live fine root. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg $ha^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$) into the soil through fine root turnover for C, LNP, and HNP were 16.6 and 0.9, 17.2 and 0.9, and 24.1 and 1.6, respectively. There were no significant differences in fine root biomass and production during the first growing season after fertilization. However, fertilization increased fine root N and P concentrations, and in consequence resulted in increased N and P inputs into soil through fine root turnover.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Jongyeoul hill, Seoul, was classified into six secondary forests and two plantations by ZM method; Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus hirsuta-Quercus mongolica community, and Castanea crenata and Pinus koraiensis plantation. In the herb layer the species richness and total coverage of deciduous broad leaf forests showed higher values than those of evergreen needle leaf forests. The peak in July at Q. acutissima forest and in the middle of June at R. pseudoacacia forest. Simpson's diversity index(Ds) in different stands are as follows: Ds>0.6 in R. pseudoacacia forest, Ds=0.3~0.6 in Q. acutissima forest and Ds<0.3 in P. densiflora and P. rigida forest. It is found that, although dominance rank and importance value were originated from different school each other, two measures can be used exchangablym showing almost linear positive correlation between them in this study.