• 제목/요약/키워드: pine leaf

검색결과 148건 처리시간 0.024초

취학전(就學前) 아동(兒童)의 식품기호(食品嗜好)와 식습관(食習慣) 조사연구(調査硏究) (A Study on Food Attitude and Dietary Habits of Pre-school Children)

  • 임현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.60-68
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    • 1976
  • A group of 132 pre-school children with a mean age of six years and one month was the subjects of this investigation. These children were members of three nursery schools locating in Kwang-ju city. Each child's mother replied to a questionaire which included 42 food items and 4 questions. The results showed that the food preference of each child was variable and the group as a whole expressed more positive than negative feelings. The average number of foods liked per child was 22.9(range: $7{\sim}42$) among 42 food items. Peach, Apple, Strawberry, Laver, Egg, Tomato, Sweet Potato, Tangerine Orange and Beef were ranked in descending order of 'like' ratings. The average number of foods refused was 4.9 (range: $0{\sim}25$). Onion, Liver, Red Pepper Leaf, Root of Bellflower, Taro, Wild Seasame Leaf, Egg Plant, Cabbage, Water Cress and Bracken were ranked in descending order of 'refuse' ratings. The odor of hurting feelings, the hot taste and the flabby texture were the reasons why the children refused these foods. The average number of foods unexperienced was 4.4 (range: $0{\sim}14$). Kidney, Dried Small Whitebail, Tangle (DA SHI MA), Liver, SA RI Mushroom, Acorn Mook, Dried Fragrant Mushroom, Pine Agaric, Root of Bellflower and Ped Pepper Leaf were ranked in descending order of 'unexperience' ratings. Children's 'like' rating toward total foods was 57.3% and the 'refuse' rating was 11.7%. Among eight food groups, fruits showed the highest favority (91.4%) and mushroom showed the least (25.9%). The difference between male and female in the preference of total foods did not showed significant level. But the difference were significant in those of individual food groups; other vegetables, green and yellow leafy vegetables, mushrooms(above, p.<01), fishes and shellfish and sea weeds (above, p<.05). Children who had experienced meals missed rated 59.1% and 34.1% of these children missed meals once a week. The main reason for maels missed was due to the heavey snacks before meal time. Children who had snacks twice a day rated 45.6%. Main foods used as their snacks were starch foods (Cake, Biscuit, Sweet Potato) and citrous foods (Fruits, Apple, Tangerine).

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The Effect of Wood Extract as a Water-Soluble Fertilizer in the Growth of Lactuca sativa

  • JUNG, Ji Young;HA, Si Young;YANG, Jae-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.384-393
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    • 2021
  • Recently, due to environmental and toxicity issues, there has been increasing attention on research regarding natural products that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Wood extracts derived from the biorefining process contain various fertilizer ingredients. HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar. The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study. After two weeks, the growth characteristics of lettuce as affected by wood extract or water-soluble fertilizers were significantly different. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant). The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant). From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables.

한국의 낙엽분해도 및 년간 무기양분 순환에 관한 연구 (The Decay Map and Turnover Cycles of Litters in Korea)

  • Chang, Nam-Kee;Sung-Kyu Lee;Bok-Seon Lee;Heu-Baik Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.183-193
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    • 1987
  • An investigation was performed to draw the decy map of litters on the floors of pine and oak forests in Korea and to reveal the turnover cycles of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litters. Isodecay constant lines of litter organic matter, which are depended upon the altitude, latitude and orientation, were drawn on the Korean map. The decay constants of organic matter of litters were higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needleleaf tree forests, and in the grasslands than in the forests. The amount of mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg returned annually to soils is higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needle leaf tree forests, and highest in the Quercus mongolica forest of the forests.

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Chytrid Distribution in Diverse Boreal Manitoba Sites

  • Lee, Eun-Ju
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2000
  • Soil samples were collected in thirteen Manitoba boreal forest sites. Spatial distribution of chytrids from diverse boreal forest microhabitats was investigated by baiting with jack pine pollen. After baiting, the pollen was surveyed for chytrids for 8 ten day period and individual species were counted. Total infestations of pollen by chytrids ranged from 5.8% to 90.2% from various soils. Each site with high infestation was characterized by litter with high needle content while mineral soil or soil with limited organic matter yielded low levels of pollen infestation. Species diversity tended to be higher in soils with higher pollen infestation and lower in soils with lower pollen infestation. Lower diversity was generally observed in mineral soils or soils with a limited organic horizon comprised, in part, of broad leaf litter. Based on coefficients of association and species in common among species across the collection sites, it was possible to relate dominant species assemblages in site groups. These species assemblages in the site groups suggest that the chytrids are distributed by litter and soil types. It can be concluded that the substratum characteristics of litter types and availability of litter may be important in describing chytrid distribution in boreal forest sites.

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한국 전통 음료의 문헌적 고찰 및 조리법 연구 - 수정과(水正果)를 중심으로 - (Literature Review of Korean Traditional Beverage Recipes - Focus on Sujeonggwa -)

  • 최남순
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.8-19
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    • 2015
  • "Sujeonggwa" is a traditional korean beverage made from dried persimmon, cinnamon, and ginger and is often garnished with pine nuts. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the ingredients, recipes, and processing of "sujeonggwa" in Korean cookbooks published since 1400. The name sujeonggwa is derived from jeonggwa. In the early 1600s, sujeonggwa was used in ancestral rites and as a reception beverage, although we don't know its cooking method. According to the literature of the early 1800s, sujeonggwa was made from various fruit ingredients such as pear and yuzu. But since the late 1800s, it has been mostly made from dried persimmon based on ginger and cinnamon boiled with water. Garyeon-sujeonggwa is made with lotus leaf while japkwa-sujeonggwa is made with pear and yuzu. Japkwa-sujeonggwa is similar to hwachae in terms of ingredients and cooking method.

Ecological Examinations of the Radial Growth of Pine Trees (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) on Mt. Namsan and the Potential Effects of Current Level of Air Pollutants to the Growth of the Trees in Central Seoul, Korea.

  • Kim, Eun-Shik
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제10권E호
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    • pp.371-386
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    • 1994
  • 본 연구소는 최근 대기오염과 산성비 때문에 남산의 소나무가 죽어간다는 일부 학자들의 주장의 진위를 실증적으로 검정하기 위하여 남산에 생육하는 소나무의 생장변화를 정밀분석하고 그것에 대한 생태학적인 해석을 시도함과 아울러, 현재 상태의 대기오염이 소나무의 생육에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 추론하고자 시도되었다. 남산의 3개 지점에서 40그루 나무의 나이테를 조사한 바, 대다수의 남산소나무들은 최근 10년동안에 지금까지 자라온 평균생장량에 비하여 더욱 빠른 생장을 보여주었고 그동안 솔잎혹파리나 아까시나무 등과 같이 생물적인 요인에 의하여 생장의 장해를 받아온 기록을 많이 볼 수 있었다. 더욱이 나무가 생장하는데 가장 중요한 인자의 하나인 토양수분요인이 수목의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사해 보았을 때 남산위에 분포하는 나무들은 가뭄현상에 대하여 매우 민감하게 그 생육이 조절되는 생장유형을 보여 주었다. 다양한 환경오염 요인들에 대하여 면밀한 검토없이 제기된 일부 학자들의 상기 주장은 설득력을 갖지 못할 뿐만 아니라 매우 성급한 것인 바, 본 연구를 통하여 필자는 남산에 있는 소나무를 대상으로 대기오염의 피해를 논하는 것은 적절하지 못하다는 것을 밝혔다. 특히 현재단계에 있어서 서울 중심지역인 남산에 있어서 대기오염물질과 강우산도와 같은 환경요인은 장기적으로 만성적인 피해를 줄 수도 있는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 수목의 나이테에 대한 집중적 조사와 다양한 환경요인의 변화양상에 관한 연구를 통하여 제시할 수 있었던 바, 추후 남산내 다른 지점의 소나무 뿐 만 아니라 신갈나무와 아카시아나무와 같은 다른 수종의 생장 및 환경오염물질의 부하와 생태계내에서 그들이 변화하는 동태를 포함한 더욱 광범위한 생태계 생태학적 차원에서의 연구가 시행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

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Changes in terpenes of three kinds of pine needles during litter decomposition

  • Jo, Gyu-Gap;Kim, Jong-Hee
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.175-186
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    • 2010
  • This study was designed to evaluate changes in the terpene composition of 3 types of pines (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii and Pinus rigida), while decomposing their leaf litter. Needle litters were placed at two different organic layer depths, one on the surface and the other beneath the litter layer. Changes in the terpene composition of this litter were detected using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Among the monoterpenes acquired from the fresh needles of P. densiflora and P. rigida, $\alpha$-pinene (12.05% and 19.87%, respectively) was the major one, followed by $\beta$-pinene (2.90% and 14.07%). However, from the needles of P. thunbergii, $\beta$-pinene (20.77%) was the major one, followed by $\alpha$-pinene (10.79%). Among the sesquiterpenes detected in P. densiflora, trans-caryophyllene (3.12%) was the highest composition compound, whereas germacrene-D (6.09%) for P. thunbergii and 1,6-cyclodecadiene (7.41%) and endo-1-bourbonanol (7.41%) for P. rigida were the highest content compounds. However, the total amounts of terpenes decreased sharply by 40-85.4% in all three types of pine needle after 90-120 days of the experiment. The concentration of each terpene differed during decomposition, and the majority of compounds disappeared from beneath the litter layer. It was determined that three types of reducing patterns of each compound appeared on the rate of loss of concentration during decomposition; one pattern decreasing sharply during the initial period, another pattern steadily or slowly decreasing, and a newly detected pattern at low concentration occurring during decomposition.

중요산림해충의 병원미생물 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Investigation and Application of Microbial Pathogens of Major Insect Pests of Forest in Korea)

  • 박창석;조용섭
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 1979
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 주요 산림해충중 흰불나방, 오리나무잎벌레 및 솔잎혹파리 방제 대책의 일환으로 미생물 병원체를 조사하고져 실시하였다. 흰불나방에서 분리된 징충물은 핵다각체 Virus와 Bacillus sp. 일종이엇는데 살충효과는 무처리 $27.8\%$에 대해 각각 $70.6\%$$49.5\%$로서 핵다각체 Virus의 경우가 우수하였다. 오리나무잎벌레에서는 세균과 진균 각 1종씩 분리되었는데 그중 진균만이 병원성을 보였으며 이는 백강균의 1종인 Beauveria bassiana로 동정되었고 이 균의 살충력은 무처리구 $49.2\%$에 비해 $96.2\%$의 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 솔잎혹파리에서는 모두 15종의 미생물이 분리동정되었으나 그중 3개의 세균종류와 3개의 진균이 병원성을 나타냈으며 가장 병원성이 강했던 것은 Fusarium sp.였고 그 다음이 Bacillus sp. I과 Spicaria sp.의 순서였다. 1957연부터 1977연에 걸쳐 솔잎혹파리에서 분리된 병원미생물을 흰불나방 및 오리나무잎벌레에 접종한 결과 어느 경우나 병원성을 인정할 수 없었다.

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산불이 곰솔림 산화지의 하층식생 구성과 쌀새(Melica onoei Fr.)의 종자발아에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Fire on Species Composition of Understory Vegetation and Seed Germination of Melica onoei in Black Pine Forest)

  • 문형태
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.131-136
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    • 2001
  • 산불이 곰솔림 하층식생의 구조와 쌀새(Melica onoei)의 종자발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수관화 지소에서 당년에 출현한 종 수는 38종으로 비산화지소의 20종에 비해 현저히 증가되었다 우점종은 쌀새, 참억새, 땅비싸리, 싸리 순이었으며, 이들의 실생과 기존의 그루터기에서 나온 새순이 많이 관찰되었다. 산화 당년에 수관화 지역의 하층식생 지상부 생물량은 299.8g/㎡로 비산화지의 3배 이상이었으며, 이듬해 9월에는 하층식생의 지상부 생물량이 537.2 g/㎡로 전년도에 비해 약 1.8배 증가하였고, 비산화지소에 비해 5.8배 높았다. 이중 쌀새가 차지하는 비율은 전체의 25.7%로 가장 높았다. 쌀새의 종자발아율은 대조구가 92%이 었으며, 암처리구(D)는 86%로 대조구와 1% 수준에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 솔잎(L)과 솔잎 추출물(E) 처리구의 발아율은 각각 45.5%, 39%로 낮았으며, 대조구와 0.5%수준에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. L+E, D+L+E 처리구의 발아율은 각각 10.5%와 4.0%로 대조구와 모두 0.1% 수준에서 유의하였다. 본 수관화 지소에서 쌀새의 우점도가 증가하는 것은 쌀새의 발아를 억제하던 타감효과 물질이 산불에 의해 제거되었고 동시에 광 조건이 개선되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

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공단지역과 비공단지역내의 삼림에 서식하는 토양미소절지동물 분포의 비교 (Comparison of Distribution of Soil Microarthropoda in the Forests of Industrial and Non-industrial Complex Areas)

  • 조삼래
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1999
  • 공단지역과 비공단지역의 삼림에서 토양미소절지동물의 개체군 밀도, 수직 및 계절적 분포 그리고 토양산도와의 관계를 비교 조사하였다. 조사지역 토양에서 관찰·분리된 토양미소절지동물은 총 3950개체 이었으며, 그 중 제일 많은 개체수는 거미강으로 총 1,918개체로 전체 의 약 48.5%를 차지하였다. 체장이 가장 길은 곳은 칠갑산의 낙엽수림이며(113.6 mm), 가장 짧은 곳은 대산지역의 낙엽활엽수림지역이었다(46.8 mm). 토양소동물의 개체수는 봄에서 여름에 걸쳐 증가하였고, 가을과 겨울로 갈수록 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 계절에 따른 수직분포상황은 전체적으로 봄에는 중층부에서 많이 나타났고 여름과 가을은 상층부에서 그리고 겨울은 하층부에 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 종다양도지수는 비공단지역(1.02)이 공단지역(0.73)보다 높았고 가장 높은 곳은 계룡산 침엽수림의 중층(5∼10 cm)에서 1.60이었고, 가장 낮은 곳은 대산 낙엽수림의 심층(10∼15 cm)에서 0.24로 나타났다.

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