• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 1996

To produce edible Codonopsis shoots in spring, the effect of shoot pinching times on root yield and quality of Codonopsis was evaluated during 3 years from 1992 to 1994. Shoot growth decreased by increasing picking times and one time pinching of Codonopsis shoot was optimal for seed production. In case of 3 times shoots harvest per year. yield of edible Codonopsis shoots amounted to 29.5MT/ha for 3 years. Increase of shoot picking times exerted harmful effect on root growth and decreased marketable value of harvested shoots. It was recommended from the results. One-time pinching of shoot a year for the production of marketable shoots and roots after 3-year cultivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2015

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of pinching time on growth and marketable yield of okra in rain shielding vinyl houses. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., 'Green sod') seedling was transplanted in May, 2013. Pinching times of okra were in each 30th, 45th, 60th day after transplanting of okra. Shoot branch and top fresh weight were significantly different between each pinching times. Top fresh weight were highest at 60th day pinching time after transplanting investigated, and were lowest at 30th day pinching time after transplanting. There was no significant difference in plant height and stem length among pinching times. According to pinching times, marketable yield and number of okra fruits were varied. Marketable yields were highest at 60th day after transplanting, whereas were lowest at 30th day after transplanting. Mineral concentrations of okra fruits were not significantly different among pinching times. Therefore pinching times 60th day after transplanting was effective to increase yield of okra fruit in rain shielding vinyl houses.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of pinching on shoot growth, flowering and covering of Lonicera sempervirens growth in containers. 180 cm high pinching of plants increased shoot length compared to 60 cm low pinching and decreased lateral shoot numbers, but there was no difference in branch numbers by the pinching methods. Covering rates of the pergola were 85% with 60 cm low pinching, 74% with 120 cm middle pinching, and 62% with 180 cm high pinching. The pinched plants continued to flower from the middle of May to the middle of September. The first flowering time was in the middle of May in low pinching and in the early of June in middle and high pinching. The lower pinching height and the earlier pinching time induced earlier flowering time, and the peak flowering of pinched plants was in mid-August. To cover over 85% of the pergola screen with 3.0 m wide and 2.2 m high, two plants per 1 m needed to grow and to pinch at 60 cm height.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2019

This study was conducted to establish a domestic cultivation system of a newly introduced yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L.). Growth and yield were investigated in response to various cultural practices, such as seedling raising, planting distance, pinching, and flower pruning. Optimum conditions for raising of seedling were an average temperature of $22^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Considering of the raising efficiency and the convenience of transplanting, 128 cells per tray was a suitable size. When pinching at a height of 120 cm from late July to early August, yield increased by 22% compared to no pinching. Flower pruning between late August and early September increased the number of tubers and tuber yield by 32% in comparison with no flower pruning. Yam bean seedlings planted at $50cm{\times}30cm$ spacing resulted in 30% yield increase as compared to wider spacing of $100cm{\times}30cm$. Our results thus suggested that the optimal combination of cultural practices ($50{\times}30cm$ planting distance, pinching at 120 cm height, and one time of flower pruning) increase profitability by 107%. All these results suggest high possibility of yam bean as a new income crop in Korea.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of stem node number, pinching time and growth retardants on the growth of Coreopsis spp. and Dianthus spp. Thy day of seedings are not passed period of 4 weeks after seedlings in the Cutting number and the days seedlings of joint experiments of Coreopsis spp. 2 node ranches treatment of Coreopsis spp. are reasonable valuable as ornamental pot product. Pinching time of Coreopsis spp. was more effectiveis on lateral and growth inhibition in the two times pinching treatment. It is observed that plant growth inhibitors was affected the growth of Coreopsis spp. It is observed that B-9 treatment is the effective plants growth and differentiation, especially the 2 times treatment with 4,000 ppm was the most effective. On the other hand, CCC treatment showed significant differences. B-9 treatment of Coreopsis spp was more effectived than the other treatment. Pinching and plant growth inhibitors of Dianthus spp. was not good the growth and plant height. Compared with B-9 4,000 ppm 2 times and control increased leaves extremely. it confirmed that the things are positively affective.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of cancer surgery is complete removal of cancer tissue and prevention of recurrence. Surgeons can change the surgical instruments after total resection of the cancer mass. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent dissemination of the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments. Authors hypothesize the possibility of local recurrence caused by the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments in the skin cancer cases. Methods: Skin cancers were induced by using DMBA-TPA two-stage carcinogenesis model in 10 of Balb/c mice. In 2-weeks, skin cancer was developed in all 10 mice. cancer cell attached surgical instruments were made by pinching the removed cancer tissue using Adson tissue forcep 10, 20, 30 times each. To count number of cancer cells in each forcep with different number of pinching was done, the forceps were washed in 30 mL of the normal saline and Cytospin preparation was done. To make recurrence models from cancer cell attached surgical instrument, three incisions were made in normal skin of each mouse, and local seeding was done by pinching subcutaneous tissue in 10, 20, 30 times each by using Adson teeth forceps mentioned above as cancer cell attached surgical instrument. Results: All skin cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrences were developed in 7 mice (3 in 10 times forceping site, 2 in 20 times forceping and 3 in 30 times forceping). In the cytospin test, the mean number of squamous cells in 100 microscope was 28.6 in 10 times, 47.2 in 20 times, 93.6 in 30 times, respectively. P value was 0.002 in Wilcoxon-Sign test. Conclusion: The number of cell count was significantly increased as number of pinching was increased. And these cells are able to induce local recurrence by local seeding. Considering this result, authors are able to confirm that the minimal handling in cancer surgery is important factor to prevent local recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting density, time and frequency of pinching on growth and yield of Lycium chinese Miller cultivated in vinyl house. This experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Cheong-yang Agriculture High School, Cheong-yang, Chung-nam province, in 1997 to 1998. The number of flowers, fruit setting number and dry weight of fruits per branch were increased as the spacings were wider, but the fruit yield per unit area was decreased up to the narrowest spacing plot of $60\;{\times}\;20cm$. The good results of growth status and fruit yield was obtained at the early pinching in May 5. As the more frequent pinching were treated, the more number of flowers and fruits per branch were produced, showing increase of fresh and dry yield, because of much more branches per plot.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the optimum nodes of pinching and fruit setting in muskmelon cultured by deep flow technique. A fruit was set either at 7~8th, 11~12th, or 15~16th nodes, and main shoot was pinched either at 22nd or 27th node. Distance between rows was set the same at 100cm, while the distance between plant in the row was set at 25, 35, 45, or 55cm. In treatments with the same node of fruit setting, fruit quality was enhanced and mean fruit weight increased on 22nd node compared to 27th node. terms of fruit quality as affected by node of fruit setting, larger fruits with lower soluble solid concentrations were produced as fruits were set at higher nodes. In terms of planting density, larger fruits with higher concentrations of soluble solid were produced in the 100cm$\times$45cm and 100cm$\times$55cm treatments compared to 100cm$\times$25cm or 100cm$\times$35cm treatment. Total fruit yields decreased as the planting density decreased. However, percent marketable fruits produced was the greatest in the 100cm$\times$45cm treatment, followed in descending order 100cm$\times$25cm, 100cm$\times$35cm, and 100cm$\times$55cm treatments.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

In this experiment, growth and yield were affected by planting density, pinching and mowing dates. The greatest growth and yield were obtained at a planting density of $90cm{\times}30cm$. In this planting density, plant grew to the height of 140 cm, with 32 primary, 164 secondary, and 367 tertiary branches per plant. Weight of dry flowers reached 98 kg per 10a with this planting density, which was 40% increased as compared to planting density of $120cm{\times}30cm$. Stem diameter, shoot dry weight, and weight of dry flowers increased by pinching plants as compared to those of non-pinched plants. The greatest weight of dry flowers was obtained in the plant pinched on July 10 with 102 kg per 10a, a 57% increase as compared to the control. Growth and yield were similar for both palnts which were not mowed and mowed on June 10. However, plants mowed on July 10 had significantly smaller plant height, stem diameter and number of branches than the control. An accumulated shoot dry weight was similar for all mowing treatments. The greatest weight of dry flowers and number of flowers per plant were obtained in June 10 mowing treatment with 123 kg and 2,592 flowers per 10a, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.573-579
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate growth and flowering characteristics of Celosia argentea native to Korea treated by pinching and growth retardants, diniconazole, hexaconazole and daminozide. The more increased from one to three times of pinching, the more decreased in plant height and internode length but increased number of spadix and lateral branch. Spray application of diniconazole $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and daminozide $6,800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ decreased plant height, internode length and leaflength, but increased number of spadix, number of leaves and number of lateral branch.