• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.290-290
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most consumed staple food crop which is energy source as carbohydrate and also is considered as the important antioxidant sources including various phenolic compounds. According to the increasing demand of healthy life, the concern to antioxidant also is increasing because of its health-promoting effect. Phenolic compounds are one of the plant secondary metabolites class, which shows various benefits to preventing or treating chronic diseases. In this study, we have measured the total phenol content from total 647 rice samples using the Floin-Ciocalteau method, and then were selected 30 rice genetic resources classified with high, middle, and low group on the basis of total phenol content. The average of the total phenol content of each group was high-group ($6892.9{\pm}488.5{\mu}g\;GAE/g$) > middle-group ($1428.1{\pm}76.0{\mu}g\;GAE/g$) > low-group ($97.6{\pm}11.4{\mu}g\;GAE/g$). The selected rice samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS to find the composition and concentration of individual phenolic in rice grain. High-group and middle-group contained large amounts of protocatechuic acid and (+)-catechin whereas low-group showed limited amount. Among high-group samples, rice samples with black pericarp color (IT 174089, IT 220079, and IT 259958) had high content of peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Further, these black rice samples were special since polydatin, rarely found stilbenoid in rice grain, was detected. Overall, both the sum of phenolic acid and the sum of flavonoid were high-group > middle-group > low-group. Also, each group exhibited different phenolic compositions; high-group consisted of flavonoid more than phenolic acid, middle-group and low-group was comprised of phenolic acid rather than flavonoid, and non-pigmented rice was composed by fully phenolic acid. The total phenol content had positive relationships with the sum of phenolic compound (r = 0.64), the sum of flavonoid (r = 0.74) at the significance level of p < 0.0001. In addition, protocatechuic acid and quercetin showed positive correlation with above phenolic composition parameters; in order, r = 0.98, 0.65 for protocatechuic acid and r = 0.73, 0.78 for quercetin (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the total phenol content assay showed the possibility of utilization as a phenolic composition indicator in rice grain. Also, this result was suggested study pigment on other material.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6541-6548
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• 2013

Pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple, and contains a variety of flavones, tannin, polyphenols, sterols, tocopherols, ${\gamma}$-oryzanols, amino acids, and essential oils. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of purple rice extracts (PREs) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on human cancer cells and mechanisms of cell death. Methanolic (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of three cultivars of purple rice in Thailand: Doisaket (DSK), Nan and Payao (PYO), were tested and compared with white rice (KK6). Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, prostate cancer LNCaP and murine normal fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. MeOH-PYO-PRE was the most cytotoxic and inhibited HepG2 cell growth more than that of LNCaP cells but was not toxic to NIH3T3 cells. When PREs were combined with paclitaxel or vinblastine, they showed additive cytotoxic effects on HepG2 and LNCaP cells, except for MeOH-PYO-PRE which showed synergistic effects on HepG2 cells when combined with vinblastine. MeOH-PYO-PRE plus vinblastine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) but no ROS production. MeOH-PYO-PRE-treated HepG2 cells underwent apoptosis via caspase-9 and-3 activation. The level of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol was highest in DCM-PYO-PRE (44.17 mg/g) whereas anthocyanin content was high in MeOH-PYO-PRE (5.80 mg/g). In conclusion, methanolic Payao purple rice extract was mostly toxic to human HepG2 cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of vinblastine. Human HepG2 cell apoptosis induced by MeOH-PYO-PRE and vinblastine was mediated through a mitochondrial pathway.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2013

대립자미는 전통적인 교배육종방법을 통하여 육성한 품종으로 안토시아닌 색소 중에서 C3G 함량이 높고 항산화 능력이 뛰어난 기능성 품종이다. 본 연구의 목적은 천연색소로서 가치를 지니며 생리적으로 우수하다고 규명된 대립자미의 품질 특성을 구명하여 이를 일반인에게 알리고 대중화 하는 데 있다. 최근 각종 성인병과 아토피 등 현대화되는 사회에서 늘어가는 질병을 예방하고자 기능성을 가진 대립자미의 주색소인 C3G의 섭취를 늘리고 식품소재로 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 일반성분의 경우 수분함량은 일품벼가 가장 높았고, 흑진주, 대립자미, 슈퍼자미 순이었고, 식미와 관계가 있는 조단백질과 조지방함량은 흑진주벼보다 낮아 대립자미의 취반 특성이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 아밀로스 함량은 밥의 부피와 끈기, 노화지연에 관계가 있는데, 대립자미가 낮아 기존의 유색미보다 취반특성이 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 대립자미의 1,000립중은 28.1 g으로 흑진주벼보다 1.7배, 천연색소 C3G 함량은 3.8배 높은 특징을 가진 품종으로 항산화 생리활성을 가지는 총 폴리페놀 함량과 전자공여능을 측정한 결과 대립자미는 높은 생리기능성을 가진 품종으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.789-796
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• 2012

This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of Superjami, which had a high C3G (cyandin-3-glucoside) content by comparing it with common rice (Ilpum) and black rice (Heougjinju, Suwon 415) for their components and physio-chemical characteristics. There were no significant differences in the water content, however there were significant differences in crude protein and crude fat in the order of Ilpum < Superjami < Heougjinju. As for the morphological characteristics of grains, it had been learned that Superjami was heavier and longer than the common rice, moreover Superjami had bigger seeds. As for the hardness of grains, the longer the time of steeping, the more decreased their hardness was at large. In the case of color, they showed significant differences in all the L, a, and b values of grains and flours. As a result of the experiment of pigment elution after steeping of the rice flours at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, the longer the time steeping, the more increased the pigment elution became. The values are bigger with Heougjinju and Superjami than with Ilpum. As for the elution pH after rice steeping, the longer the time of steeping, the lower pH all the assays tended to have. As a result of the analysis of the total polyphenol contents of Ilpum, Heougjinju, and Superjami, it had turned out that the total polyphenol contents of Heougjinju and Superjami are 1.2 times as high as Ilpum, a common rice, and that Superjami is significantly higher than Heougjinju. As a result of the experiment of DPPH radical scavenging ability, there are significant differences among the assays in the order of Superjami > Heougjinju > Ilpum. Futher, it has turned out that Superjami has a higher DPPH radical scavenging ability than Heougjinju. Consequently, it can be stated that Superjami has a strong anti-oxidative ability. Thus, we should more precisely grasp the cooking characteristics of Superjami, which is in the state of brown rice, via comparing it with a common brown rice, and also provide opportunities to apply Superjamii to more foods by studying its starch characteristics in addition to its grain and flour properties.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.600-605
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• 2011

보석흑찰(수원512호)은 생리활성기능을 가지고 있는 안토시안 함량이 높고 중생이며 흑자색 찰벼 품종을 개발하고자 유색찰 우량계통 SR18638-B-B-B-18-2와 흑자색 유색미 유전자원 흑미 H31을 교배하여 계통육종법으로 육성한 신품종이다. 선발된 우량계통에 대해 2005년부터 2006년까지 2년간 생산력 검정시험을 수행한 결과, 중생이고 색소의 착색과 수량성이 양호한 SR24098-17-2-2-3-2-2 계통을 선발하여 '수원512호'로 계통명을 부여하였다. '수원512호'는 2006-2008년 3년간 지역적응시험에서도 그 우수성이 인정되어 2008년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 국가품종목록에 등재할 것을 결정하고 '보석흑찰'로 명명하였다. 1. 출수기는 중부 평야지에서 8월 17일로 조생종 '흑진주'에 비해 24일 늦은 중만생종이다. 벼키는 85 cm로 '흑진주'보다 큰 편이며, 포기당 이삭수는 12개로 흑진주와 거의 비슷하고, 이삭당 벼알수는 94개로 '흑진주'에 비해 약간 많다. 현미천립중은 21.6 g으로 '흑진주'에 비해 다소 무겁다. 2. 도열병, 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 멸구류에 대한 저항성이 없으며, 포장도복에 강하고 50일묘 늦심기에서 불시출수와 위조현상이 나타나지 않았으며, 성숙기에 하엽 노화의 진행이 늦었다. 냉수처리구에서 임실율이 54%로 중도 내냉성을 보인다. 수발아율은 1.3%로 거의 되지 않았으며, 도복에 강하다. 3. 현미종피는 진한 흑자색이며 배유는 찰성이다. 안토시아닌(C3G) 함량은 717 mg/1000 g 으로 '흑진주벼' 보다 1.6배 높으며, 단백질함량은 6.4%로 '흑진주' 보다 낮았으며 정현비율은 79.5%로 '흑진주'와 비슷하다. 4. '보석흑찰'의 평균 현미수량은 보통기 보비재배에서 4.82 MT/ha으로 '흑진주' 대비 19% 증수되었다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2010

'조생흑찰'은 작물과학원 영남농업연구소(현 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)에서 2004년도에 육성한 조생 흑자색 찰벼 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 남부평야지 평균 출수기는 8월 3일로 조생종이며 간장은 65 cm정도이고 현미외관은 흑자색인 찰벼 품종이다. 2. 불시 출수율이 일반 조생종 품종과 비슷한 수준이며, 위조는 강한 편이고 성숙기의 엽노화가 느린 편이며, 내냉성은 '흑남벼'와 비슷한 정도의 내냉성을 가지고 있으며 수발아는 '흑남벼'에 비해 강한 편이며 포장도복도 강한 반응을 보였다. 3. 잎도열병은 중정도 저항성 반응을 보이면서 흰잎마름병과 줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병, 검은줄오갈병 등 바이러스병에는 저항성을 나타내지 않으며 벼멸구, 애멸구 등 주요 해충에는 약하다. 4. 백미 완전미율은 '흑남벼' 보다 높았으며 현미 장폭비가 2.12로 약간 긴 편이며 종피는 흑자색으로 안토시아닌함량이 '흑남벼'에 비해 높은 흑자색 찰벼이다. 5. 수량성은 지역적응시험 보통기 보비재배 7개소에서 432 kg/10a로 '흑남벼' 보다 14% 감수되었으며, 남부평야 이모작재배 1개소에서는 463 kg/10a '화성벼'에 비해 1% 감수하였고, 만식재배에서는 '화성벼' 대비 415 kg/10a로 5% 증수 되었다.