• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.347-360
• /
• 1994

The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 301 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 301 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action, anticonvulsant action in mice and body temperature in rat. But DWP 301 showed a little decrease of locomotor activity at a dose of 3,000 mg/kg. From these results, DWP 301 was considered to have little pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 301 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. DWP 301 showed no effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, trachea, right atrium, and nonpregnant rat uterus. But, in the isolated guinea pig vas deference, DWP 301 had showed inhibitory effect on the contractions produced by norepinephrine. DWP 301 showed rise of gastric juice pH and decrease of urine volume. Also, DWP 301 had no effect on the gastrointestinal motility and blood aggregation. From these results, it is concluded that the general pharmacological effect of DWP 301 are similar to or weaker than M and AGA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.194-201
• /
• 2006

The general pharmacological properties of GCSB-5, a herbal formulation consisting of 6 Oriental herbs(Ledebouriellae Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen and Eucommiae Cortex), were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. The administration of GCSB-5 had no effect on general behavior, and did not influence the central nervous system. Mean blood pressure, heat1 and respiratory rate and contractile response of the isolated guinea pig atrium were unaffected by the treatment of GCSB-5. Addition of GCSB-5 did not cause spontaneous relaxation and contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. And also, GCSB-5 had no effect on the gastrointestinal system and the blood system of the animals examined in this study. GCSB-5, at higher doses(1,000 and 3,000 mg/kg), increased the urinary excretion of electrolytes, however, the urine volume and pH in rats were unaffected. Taken together, these results indicate that GCSB-5 does not induce any adverse effects in experimental animals and is expected to have no significant general pharmacological activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.174-183
• /
• 1996

The general pharmacological properties of Artemisia extract powder (DA-9601) produced from Artemisia asiatica leaves were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. DA-9601 at the dose of 800 mg/kg po had no influences on general behaviour, barbital sleeping time and motor coordination of mice. The material at the oral dose of 800 mg/kg did exhibit neither analgesic action nor hypothermic effect. Anticonvulsant action, muscle relaxant action and the effect on intestinal propulsion were not identified at 800 mg/kg po. In the isolated ileum and trachea of guinea pig, the material did not show direct erect and inhibitory action of chemically or electrically stimulated contraction at the concentration of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. The sinus rates of atria and contractility of papillary muscle of guinea pig were not influenced by DA-9601 at a dose of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. No influences on blood pressure and respiration were observed at 40 mg/kg iv, in rabbits. However, transient decreases in blood pressure of rabbits were observed as given 120 mg/kg in iv route with slight respiratory depression, and slight diuretic effect could be found without any changes in $Na^+$ and $K^+$ excretion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 1994

The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 305 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 305 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, locomotor activity, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action in mice and body temperature in rat. DWP 305 showed no depressive action on convulsion induced by strychnine, electronic shock and pentylenetetrazole. From these results, DWP 305 was considered to have no pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 305 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. In the isolated ileum of guinea pig, DWP 305 inhibited contractive effects against the acetylcholine (10$^{-6}$ g/mι), histamine (10$^{-6}$ g/mι), 5-hydroxytryptamine (10$^{-6}$ g/mι) and BaCl$_2$(10$^{-4}$ g/mι) at a concentration of 2.15$\times$10$^{-4}$ g/ml in bath. In the isolated trachea and vats deference, DWP 305 showed no effect on the contractions produced by histamine and norepinephrine, respectively. DWP 305 showed inhibitory effect on the contractions produced by acetylcholine and oxytocin at a concentration of 2.15$\times$10$^{-4}$ g/ml on the isolated nonpregnant rat uterus. DWP 305 had no effect on the isolated right atrium of guinea pig, bile excretion, urine volume, pH, gastrointestinal motility, gastric secretion and blood aggregation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1674-1680
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to detect significant SNPs for blood components that were related to immunity using high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density panels in a Korean native pig (KNP)${\times}$Yorkshire (YK) cross population. A reciprocal design of KNP${\times}$YK produced 249 $F_2$ individuals that were genotyped for a total of 46,865 available SNPs in the Illumina porcine 60K beadchip. To perform whole genome association analysis (WGA), phenotypes were regressed on each SNP under a simple linear regression model after adjustment for sex and slaughter age. To set up a significance threshold, 0.1% point-wise p value from F distribution was used for each SNP test. Among the significant SNPs for a trait, the best set of SNP markers were determined using a stepwise regression procedure with the rates of inclusion and exclusion of each SNP out of the model at 0.001 level. A total of 54 SNPs were detected; 10, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 10, and 6 SNPs for neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, atypical lymph, immuno-globulin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I, respectively. Each set of significant SNPs per trait explained 24 to 42% of phenotypic variance. Several pleiotropic SNPs were detected on SSCs 4, 13, 14 and 15.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2011

Infertility of the pig is directly affects on economic loss and failure of the embryo transfer. In the present case report, we show one rare case of porcine infertility resulted from oviductal obstruction. A gilt showing normal heat behaviors was selected as a recipient of embryo transfer. During the laparotomy surgery, abnormality of the reproductive tract was founded. Several large sized cyst-like structures were founded on infundibulum and body of uterus. Severe enlargement of oviduct represents that obstruction of the oviduct. Sign of fibrosis on the surface of uterus and other internal organs revealed that the obstruction was come arise from prior peritonitis. Mild neutropenia and elevated number of monocytes, eosinophils and platelets in blood smear represent that the peritonitis might be due to chronic parasitic infection. Ovarian function was seems to be normal due to blood progesterone concentration was higher than basal level. The pig was culled because she cannot be recovered by surgical or hormonal treatment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.62 no.3
• /
• pp.294-301
• /
• 2024

Toxoplasma gondii, a common protozoan parasite, poses significant public health risks due to its potential to cause toxoplasmosis in humans and can be contracted from pigs, which are considered its critical intermediate host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered pigs for human consumption, emphasizing the zoonotic implications and the need for improved biosecurity and monitoring practices in pig farming. A total of 1,526 pig samples (1,051 whole blood samples and 384 lung tissue samples from the local slaughterhouse and 91 aborted fetus samples from local farms) were collected throughout the whole country of Korea in 2020. Among them, 6 (0.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii by nested PCR. When compared by sample type, the prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in the aborted fetus samples (2.2%, 2/91) than in the blood (0.3%, 3/1,051) and lung tissue samples (0.3%, 1/384). The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was similar (97.9-99.8%) to that of the other T. gondii isolates. This study represents the first molecular genotyping survey of T. gondii in the lung tissue of fattening pigs and aborted fetuses in Korea. Our findings indicated the importance of adopting preventive measures including the implementation of rigorous farm hygiene protocols and the promotion of public awareness about the risks of consuming undercooked pork. By addressing the gaps in current control strategies and encouraging the One Health approach, this study contributes to the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the transmission of T. gondii from pigs to humans, ultimately safeguarding public health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1547-1554
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different sources of chromium on growth performance, blood profile and carcass trait in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 200 growing pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc, average initial weight 8.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate. Five treatments were designated as follows according to the source of chromium. i) Control (No chromium): corn-soybean meal based basal diet, ii) $CrCl_{3}$: control diet+200 ppb Cr as $CrCl_{3}$, iii) CrPic: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr picolinate, iv) CrMet-1: control diet+100 ppb Cr as Cr methionine, and v) CrMet-2: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr methionine. After the feeding trial, three pigs per replicate (12 pigs per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass traits. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed: gain ratio (F/G) were not different (p>0.05) among dietary Cr sources. However, whole-period ADG of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p<0.05) than for the control diet. Nutrient digestibility was not different (p>0.05) among dietary Cr sources, but the nutrient digestibility of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p<0.05) than for the control diet. BUN level decreased with more magnitude (p<0.05) in pigs fed Cr during the 20 to 50 kg period. Although both serum cholesterol and triglyceride were different (p<0.05) among treatments, there was no consistent response that could be related to the dietary Cr sources regardless of growth phase. However, the overall data suggested that serum cholesterol level increased as BW of pigs increased. Blood total protein (TP) increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed Cr only during the 90-110 kg phase, and blood creatinine (Creat) level was higher in $CrCl_{3}$ and CrPic treatments than in the control only during the 90-110 kg phase. Backfat thickness was thinner (p<0.05) in pigs fed CrMet-2 than in the control treatment. Therefore, lean percentage was higher (p<0.05) in CrMet-2 than in control pigs. However, dressing percentage and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) were not different (p>0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 ppb Cr, via either CrPic or CrMet, improved pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Moreover, dietary CrMet supplementation for the growing-finishing pig is evidently remarkable for improving both lean percentage of the carcass and backfat thickness.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2005

Economic animal husbandry workers exposed to organic dust can be suffered from immunologic disorders. Our study was to determine immunological parameters related with occurrence of respiratory allergic diseases to animal husbandry workers in Korea for the first time. Peripheral blood were obtained from twenty-five pig barn workers, forty-nine chicken farming workers and fifty-one non-agricultural control workers. Significantly upregulated plasma IgE level was observed with pig-barn workers than that of chicken farming workers or healthy community control subjects. Furthermore, level of histamine, a hallmark of allergy induction, was upregulated in the pig and chicken farming workers in comparison with that of the control subjects. Downregulation of $IFN_\gamma$ and $TNF_{\alpha}$ production from T cells was apparent in the animal husbandry workers compared with the control subjects. Meanwhile, T cells collected from the pig barn workers demonstrated significantly higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 than the other groups. There were also alterations in IgG subclass distribution. In conclusion, immunological modulation probably leading to occupational allergic diseases can be occurred in the economic animal husbandry workers and the pig barn workers could be the most risky group to the work-related allergic disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2007

Swine influenza is an acute, infectious respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses in pigs. In the previous studies, serological surveys have indicated the presence of H3N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) since 1995 in Korea. And the percentage of the antibody-positive rate was 39.12% in the survey determining the prevalence of H1N1 SIV antibodies in 2002. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the sero-prevalence of SIV regard to the age of the pig and the season between June 2004 and May 2005. In this study, a total of 932 sera were used. These sera were randomly selected from blood samples, which were submitted to Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kangwon National University and Department of Veterinary Virology, Seoul National University from June 2004 to May 2005. These sera have been tested by ELISA test kit (IDEXX Lab, USA) for the SIV H3N2, H1N1 respectively. SAS version 9.1 was used for the statistical analysis based on the age of the pig and the season. The overall sero-prevalence of the antibody against H3N2 SIV was 20.82% (194/932). The overall sero-prevalence of the antibody against H1N1 SIV was 37.23% (347/932). The overall dual sero-prevalence of the antibody against H3N2 and H1N1 SIV was 10.62% (99/932). H3N2 has significant difference in statistically regarding the age of the pig and the season (p<0.0001). H1N1 has significant difference in statistically regarding the age of the pig (p<0.0001) but has not significant difference in statistically regarding the season (p=0.5882).