• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2015

This study can be summarized as follows : First, main participant, procedure and method of redevelopment of Inner port shall be additionally reviewed. Demands of stakeholder of Incheon Inner Port are actively accommodated to avoid the disruption in undertaking the project. Second, it must ensure the adequacy and appropriateness of policies regarding the redevelopment of the Inner Port in Incheon. It is necessary to obtain consent of people on this project. Third, appropriate system must be established to undertake the project. For this purpose, the governance system shall be built to collect the opinions of the people. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The national master plan and modify plans of Port redevelopment have been being undertaken based on Port Act. Incheon Inner Port redevelopment has been showing slight discrepancy with that of other ports. It's the essential part to coordinate the opinions and needs between the parties prior to the establishment of a redevelopment plan. This can be settled when it's warranted for dock workers to secure the job, and for port companies to provide replaceable piers as the precondition. In addition, eco-friendly waterfront leisure space shall be planned and alternative policies shall be arranged with accommodating the needs of local residents and merchants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.532-539
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• 2008

Kwon et al.(2008) carried out a hydraulic experiment in order to evaluate Manning coefficient, which implicates flow resistance due to bottom friction as well as drag caused by the squared piers higher than water depth and arranged with equal intervals, under the flow condition with a constant drag coefficient, $Re>10^4$. And, based on the equation of equilibrium, they proposed a formula for the equivalent resistant coefficient including empirical drag interaction coefficient obtained by using the experimental results. In this study, the hydraulic experiment was simulated using FLOW-3D, a 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamic code. The computations were compared with the experiment results as well as the semi-theoretical formula, and the comparisons show a good agreement. From the agreement, it was confirmed that when flow resistance bodies were higher than water depth, Manning n value increases with 2/3 power of water depth as shown in the theoretical formula and that drag interaction coefficient was dominated by their intervals.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.6 s.58
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

Other damage can occur due to the preexisting dull structure and installation of nonenvironmental-friendly concrete structure, lack of function for preventing coastal erosion. Increase of personal income and fast spread of the concept of waterfront casued the initiation of many project to improve aging coastal ports. However, none of environment-friendly structure has been developed and pre-existing solid block, igloo block, tunnel block are used commonly. In piers and lighter's wharf where the ships are mooring, resonance by the generation of a reflected wave caused by penetration wave in the port and port wave increases wave heights in the port and makes difficult to maintain the temperature, causes problems in mooring ships and cargo-working, and eventually increase the occurance of damages of the small ships by the collision. Therefore, development of new types of blcok is necessary. To apply Coastal Environments block developed for this reason, it requires allowable bearing capacity evaluation of shear key. For this study, we made test specimen for connecting part of C.E. Block, and conducted friction test of boundary surface. Data obtained by the experiment was analyzed by finite element analysis and assessed the coefficient of friction between C.E. Block and boundary surface.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2021

In general, domestic streams and rivers are composed of alluvial rivers consisting of sand and gravel beds. These rivers can cause erosion and riverbed changes due to sudden changes in flow rates, such as floods, torrential rains, and heavy rains. In particular, there are various types of erosion, such as contraction erosion caused by changes in river shape, or local erosion occurring around obstacles such as piers, abutments or embankments. In addition, river changes can occur in various forms, such as static or dynamic periods, due to limitations such as flow rate, velocity, and shear stress. This study focused on the erosions of embankments directly related to human casualties among various river structures, and evaluated limit velocities and critical shear stress in order to identify changes in strength of natural materials by identifying the characteristics of natural hoan materials and resistance to erosions. In particular, the limitations of materials according to the type of materials in the river, characteristics of particles, and size of particles were studied using Soil loss, which is a change in the volume of the revetment material, and it is intended to be used as basic data for river design and restoration.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.84-95
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• 2019

This paper reports the process of seismic fragility analysis for the rahman-type continuous bridge system. The target structure was the five span highway bridge with maximum pier hight of 72m. OpenSees software was used for the nonlinear time history analysis. In this study, 50 ground motions are considered for nonlinear time history analysis. For each ground motion, PGA was scaled from 0.1g to 2.0g with intervals of 0.1g in order to consider a wide range of the seismic intensity measure. In addition, yield displacement and ultimate displacement of each pier were calculated through section analysis. Based on the result of non linear time history analysis and section analysis, damage condition of target bridge was classified according to the definition of damage condition proposed by Barbat et al. As a result, it was predicted that Extensive Damage occurred at P1 when 0.731 g earthquake occurred in the longitudinal direction. Based on the seismic fragility analysis results, it is found that the probability of occurrence of Extensive Damage in the 4,800 - year period earthquake was about 4.2%. Therefore the target bridge has enough safety for earthquake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.349-356
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• 2021

Since the 1960s, traffic infrastructure, such as bridges, has increased rapidly in Korea as urbanization and industrialization progressed due to economic growth. As the scale of the bridge becomes larger, stability analysis of the superstructure of the bridge is being conducted actively, but scour stability analysis for the substructure of the bridge has not been conducted sufficiently. This study is a basic investigation to prevent large-scale disasters caused by scouring in bridge piers. A simple linear regression model was used to analyze the scour depth calculated through seventeen scour depth calculation formulae, and the scour depth measured through hydraulic model experiments. As a result, the Coleman (1971) formula was the best method among the scour depth calculation formulae, and the Froehlich (1987) formula was the most effective method for calculating the scour depth. In addition, a review using a simple regression model confirmed that the scour depth calculation formulae of CSU (1993), Coleman (1971), and Froehlich (1987) can predict a similar scour depth by reflecting domestic stream characteristics. This study can calculate the scour depth reflecting the environmental conditions of Korea in future stream design.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

In recent years, magnitude and frequency of earthquakes have increased in Korea. Damage to a bridge, which is one of the main infrastructures, can directly lead to considerable loss of human lives. Therefore, engineers need to evaluate the seismic fragility of the structure and prepare for the possible seismic damage. In particular, the number of aging bridges over 30 years of service increases, and thus the seismic analysis and fragility requires accounting for the aging and retrofit effects on the bridge. In this study, the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the aging and FRP retrofit on a PSC bridge. The aging and FRP retrofit were applied to piers that dominate the response of the bridge during earthquakes. The maximum displacement of the bridge increased due to the aging of the pier but decreased when FRP retrofit applied to the aged pier. In addition, seismic fragility analysis was performed to evaluate the seismic behavior of the bridge combined with the seismic performance of the pier. Compared with the aged bridge, the FRP retrofit bridge showed a decrease in the seismic fragility in all levels of damage. The reduction of the seismic fragility in the FRP bridge was prominent as the value of PGA and level of damage increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Local management trade ports are small-sized trade ports, which require active operation to strengthen the local cities' economic power and enhance the local industries' added value. In addition, local management trade ports should berth ships larger than the existing ships to increase efficiency and keep up with the international trend where ships are becoming larger. Furthermore, they should also prepare operating standards. This study selected Okgye Port among local management trade ports. We performed a mooring safety simulation evaluation according to the scenario where a 50,000 DWT vessel is moored at the current 20,000 DWT class pier. The emergency departure criteria were 27kts at 3.2s of wave period and 22kts at 5.0s of wave period at the existing pier. Results showed that mooring limit condition increased by about 50% to 41kts at 3.2s of wave period and 36kts at 5.0s of wave period. This study can be used for strengthening mooring facilities and setting operational standards for safe port operation when large ships are berthing.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a ventilation corridor management plan to improve the thermal environment for Busan Metropolitan City. To this end, the characteristics of hot and cool spots in Busan were identified by conducting spatial statistical analysis, and thermal image data from Landsat-7 satellites and major ventilation corridors were analyzed through WRF meteorological simulation. The results showed the areas requiring thermal environment improvement among hot spot areas were Busanjin-gu, Dongnae-gu, industrial areas in Yeonje-gu and Sasang-gu, and Busan Port piers in large-scale facilities. The main ventilation corridor was identified as Geumjeongsan Mountain-Baekyangsan Mountain-Gudeoksan Mountain Valley. Based on the results, the ventilation corridor management strategy is suggested as follows. Industrial facilities and the Busan Port area are factors that increase the air temperature and worsen the thermal environment of the surrounding area. Therefore, urban and architectural plans are required to reduce the facility's temperature and consider the ventilation corridor. Areas requiring ventilation corridor management were Mandeok-dong and Sajik-dong, and they should be managed to prevent further damage to the forests. Since large-scale, high-rise apartment complexes in areas adjacent to forests interfere with the flow of cold and fresh air generated by forests, the construction of high-rise apartment complexes near Geumjeongsan Mountain with the new redevelopment of Type 3 general residential area should be avoided. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for urban planning and environmental planning in response to climate change in Busan Metropolitan City.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2022

In this study, offshore modular pier system using the ultra-high performance concrete was developed for the offshore construction environment. For the application of offshore modular pier system, the design, fabrication, and construction performance evaluation were performed using ultra-high performance concrete a compressive strength 120 MPa or more and a direct tensile strength 7 MPa or more. For offshore piers previously constructed with precast concrete, it was intended to verify the idea and possibility of solving errors due to position or vertical deformation during the driving of the foundation pile part during the construction stage. Furthermore, a offshore modular pier system was fabricated with ultra-high performance concrete for the construction performance evaluation. The results showed that a offshore modular pier system secured about 9 % of sectional performance of load bearing capacity under ultimate load conditions. If the offshore modular pier system developed through this study is utilized in the future, it is judged that competitiveness due to sufficient durability and constructability can be secured.