• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4845-4852
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• 2012

This research calculated the scour depth of bridge according to inflow and outflow changes of stream's flood discharge and curves by applying scour depth formula for piers and abutments, and by comparing and examining them, evaluated the applicability of scour depth formulas. Overall, if the angles of flood discharge and inflow and outflow increase, the deviation rate of scour depth in bight increased. Especially the deviation rate was 58% at the inflow and outflow angle of $105^{\circ}$ that the bridge plan for this geography need careful examination. Next, as a result of calculating the deviation rate of scour depth at the bight by scour depth formulas, in case of pier, Andru formula showed 58% deviation rate, Laursen formula showed 26% deviation rate, and CSU. formula showed 17% deviation rate. In the case of abutment, Froehlich formula shows 44% deviation rate that when applying above scour depth formulas, scour depth calculation considering repairable characteristics of bight is necessary. Finally, about inflow and outflow angles of $45^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ}$ that showed big deviation rate of scour depth, this research performed regression analysis of deviation rates of scour depth due to flood discharge to suggest the regression formula.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1779-1786
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• 2014

Artificial Intelligence-based techniques have been applied to problems where mathematical relations can not be presented due to complicatedness of the physical process. A representative example in hydraulics is the local scour around bridge piers. This study presents a GEP model for predicting the local scour around bridge piers. The model is trained by 64 laboratory data to build the regression equation, and the constructed model is verified against 33 laboratory data. Comparisons between the models with dimensional and normalized variables reveals that the GEP model with dimensional variables predicts better. The proposed model is now applied to two field datasets. It is found that the MAPE of the scour depths predicted by the GEP model increases compared with the predictions of local scours in laboratory scale. In addition, the model performance increases significantly when the model is trained by the field dataset rather than the laboratory dataset. The findings suggest that apart from the ANN model, GEP model is a sound and reliable model for predicting local scour depth.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2021

This paper presents a machine learning technique applied to prediction of time-dependent local scour around bridge piers in both non-cohesive and cohesive beds. The support vector machines (SVM), which is known to be free from overfitting, is used. The time-dependent scour depths are expressed by 7 and 9 variables for the non-cohesive and cohesive beds, respectively. The SVM models are trained and validated with time series data from different sources of experiments. Resulting Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicates that the models are trained and validated properly. Comparisons are made with the results from Choi and Choi's formula and Scour Rate in Cohesive Soils (SRICOS) method by Briaud et al., as well as measured data. This study reveals that the SVM is capable of predicting time-dependent local scour in both non-cohesive and cohesive beds under the condition that sufficient data of good quality are provided.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2014

The main source of bridge destruction is due to scour. The bridge scour is the result of erosive action of flowing water taking away ground materials from near the abutment or pier. Furthermore, the water level must be also monitored whiling flooding, because it dangers not only the stability of bridge itself, but the safety of bridge users. This study is intended to develop a new measuring system for bridge scour by overcoming the current limitation of scour measurement technique. This measuring system is confirmed its excellence and validity through this study. The newly developed measuring system finds the distance between the water surface and the ground surface by detecting temperature difference along the abutment vertically. The measuring mechanism for monitoring the bridge scour and water level is based on identifying the temperature difference among mediums, including air, water and ground. In order to validate the new measuring system, the lab experiments and the field tests are conducted and compared. It has been confirmed that this system can effectively measure the bridge scour and the water level by analyzing the temperature distribution between mediums and the temperature variation over time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.229-234
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• 2000

교량의 교각 및 교대에 대한 세굴의 영향은 많은 학자들의 관심이 되어왔다. 연구의 주된 관심은 세굴에 영향을 미치는 인자들의 역학적인 거동에 대한 것으로써 세굴인자들의 최대 영향 및 최대세굴심을 예측하는 적절한 방법들이 연구되었다. 특히, 교각에서 일어나는 세굴은 이동하는 유체의 역학적인 상호작용과 불균등하게 분포된 하상입자들을 포함하는 3차원적인 문제로서, 그 현상이 대단히 복잡하여 하천흐름과 하상재료의 특성 및 교각의 형상과 같은 여러 요소에 의해 지배를 받기 때문에 세굴에 대한 정확한 예측은 매우 어렵다. 따라서, 복잡한 세굴인자들로 인해 세굴에 관한 연구는 주로 실험에 의하여 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

Recent climate changes have increased flood damage on bank and revetment. However design standard for revetment that is the one of the most important facility for flood protection is not enough in Korea. In this study, destruction of rock revetment in Guryecity caused by the flood on Aug 2007 was inquired by analysis using 2D hydraulic simulation model SMS and the propriety of established plan for protection of rock revetment was evaluated. For this purpose, the ranges of protection facility for revetment was calculated by two methods. The one is normal method to calculate range of pier scour protection facility, and the other is a method of the standard for river design in Korea. The results of both methods are compared to evaluate the established plan.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.445-454
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• 2008

Many countermeasures for local scour at bridge piers constructed on the river and sea have been developed and researched to protect piers against local scour. The most commonly employed method is riprap protection, which is sometimes required the filter installation between riprap and base layers. However, the construction of stone filters are really hard to perform in the field, require the high cost, or sometimes are impossible. The experimental modeling is conducted to analyze the riprap failure modes and the stability of riprap protection without filters based on the different approach velocity and riprap layer thickness conditions. Also, the stability index to evaluate the performance of riprap protection is developed using the experimental results. The cover and thickness of the riprap layer play a very important role in the stability and thicker riprap layers can prevent a total disintegration of the riprap layer effectively, especially due to winnowing failure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.424-428
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• 2004

본 연구는 장기하상변동, 단면축소세굴, 국부세굴로 일반적으로 분류되는 세굴형태 중 국부세굴의 방지를 위하여 교자 전면에서 발생하는 하강류를 차단함으로써 교각 및 교각기초를 세굴로부터 보호하여 세굴심을 감소시키기 위한 실험적 인구로서, 동시에 경제성을 확보하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 교각의 기초부의 전면에 유수방향과 대응되도록 세굴방지구조물을 설치하여 세굴방지구조물의 상부 끝단에 하강류를 방지하기 위하여 차단각을 주었고 세굴방지구조물의 폭은 교자의 폭을 고려하여 설계하였다. 이러한 세굴방지구조물은 기초에 하강류 차단 방지시설을 설치하여 세굴심의 방지효과가 약 $20\~40\%$로 나타났으며 기존의 교자기초에 설치하던 매트 및 사석보호공에 비해 경제적 시공이 가능하며, 지속적인 효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2010

교각에서의 기초세굴 단계 및 상부구조물의 영향에 따른 진동특성을 파악하기 위해 교각 시험체를 이용하여 충격진동실험과 Midas FEA ver.2.0를 이용한 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 기초세굴 모의는 교각시험체 기초 주위의 지반을 단계별로 굴착하였으며, 상부구조물의 영향은 철근콘크리트 블록을 제작하여 교각 시험체 위에 재하하였다. 충격진동실험과 수치해석결과, 강성이 작아지거나 질량이 커질수록 1차 모드 고유진동수도 작아지는 등 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 대체적으로 충격진동실험으로 구한 1차모드 고유진동수는 수치해석으로 구한 값보다 작은 경향을 나타내었으며, 이는 지반의 강성변화를 수치해석 모델에서 연속적으로 반영하지 못하는 한계로 인해 발생한 오차로 판단된다. 따라서 1차 모드 고유진동수의 변화를 이용한 교각 세굴 건전성 평가를 위한 유한요소해석을 위해서는 지반물성을 보다 잘 모의할 수 있는 기법의 개발이 필요하였다.