• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Background: Ginseng is a perennial crop grown for more than four years in the same place. Therefore, it is highly affected by the soil environment, especially nutrients in the soil. The present study was carried out to investigate to the influence of boron and iron concentrations on the physiological status, growth, and mineral uptake of ginseng to obtain the basic information for diagnosing a physiological disorder in ginseng plants. Methods and Results: The boron and iron concentrations were controlled at 3, 30, 150, 300 and 2, 20, 100, $200mg/{\ell}$, respectively. When treated with $150mg/{\ell}$ of boron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing or necrosis symptoms at the edge or end of their leaves. Compared with the $3mg/{\ell}$ treatment, the root weight decreased by 13 and 24% in the 150 and $300mg/{\ell}$ treatments, respectively. When treated with $20mg/{\ell}$ of iron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing between the veins of the leaves followed by the formation of brown spots. The root weight gradually decreased with increasing iron concentration. Approximately 55% decrease in root weight was observed upon treatment with $200mg/{\ell}$ of iron. Conclusions: The boron toxicity occurs in the leaves of ginseng at the boron concentration of approximately 1,900 mg/kg or more. The iron toxicity occurs at the iron concentration of approximately 120 mg/kg for leaves and 270 mg/kg for roots.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.479-492
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between dental anxiety and self-efficacy, physical and psychological condition and expected self-efficacy. The objective of this study was also to provide foundation for appropriate dental hygiene intervention model for scaling. In this study, anxiety reactions were measured among 178 patients, who made appointment with dental hygienists for scaling between May and July, 2009. The analysis was done in SPSS 12.0 statistical program which confirmed Cranach's alpha value. Technical statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA, correlation and regression were also used. The result of the study is following: While dental hygienist conducts scaling, the dental anxiety was each measured in following categories: Thus male, age between 40 and 50, single, high school graduated and unemployed were measured highest dental anxiety among various groups. Dental Fear Scale demonstrated the validity of relationship between dental anxiety and self efficacy. The correlation was equated as r=-.409(p<0.01). In the other words, the higher self efficacy, the lower dental anxiety. The relationship between dental anxiety and physical and physiological condition was relevant. Physical condition was r=-.229(p<0.01) And then, the psychological condition was r=-.299(p<0.01). Thus, better physical and physiological condition results in less dental anxiety. The relationship between expected Self-efficacy and dental anxiety is also valid. The dental anxiety after performance accomplishment is r=-.239(p<0.01), after vicarious experience is r=-.195(p<0.01), after verbal persuasion is r=-.152(p<0.05), after recognition of physiological state is r=-.410(p<0.01). In conclusion, sex, age, marital status, education level, employment, physical condition, physiological condition are all relevant to dental anxiety(F=8.834). Both independent and dependent variables p<.05 have 37.5% persuasiveness.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of major chronic diseases related to daily oral water intake and to identify the physiological parameters related to dehydration in Korean elderly. Methods: The data were collected from the sixth Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), which was a nationwide and cross-sectional survey in 2015. We analyzed 1,392 participants using t-test and logistic regression. All participants were divided into the adequate water intake (AWI) group and the non-adequate water intake (NAWI) group based on the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Results: There was a significant difference in the water intake between the AWI (6.8 cups in a day) and NAWI (2.8 cups) groups (p< .001). There was no statistically significant association between the level of water intake and any of the major chronic diseases. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and BUN/Creatinine (Cr) ratio were significantly higher in the NAWI group. Especially, BUN/Cr ratio shows that the NAWI group reached dehydration status. Older age (adjusted odd ratio, OR= 1.07, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.04-1.10]), female gender (adjusted OR= 1.56, 95% CI [1.05-2.33]), lower body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.00]), higher BUN (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.01-1.08]), and higher urine specific gravity (USG) (adjusted OR= 1.56, 95% CI [1.19-2.05]) were factors associated with the NAWI group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the level of water intake needs to be considered in relation to age, gender, BMI, BUN, and USG. These are sensitive physiological parameters used for predicting dehydration of the elderly according to their daily oral water intake. It would be helpful to develop strategies to prevent dehydration in elderly individuals and enhance their water intake.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.191-211
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• 1987

Common usage of the concept of juvenility implies that there is one physiological phase, the juvenile phase, which manifests itself in the various morphological and physiological phenomena observed in juvenile higher plants. The juvenile phase is often defined as that time from seed germination until the plant attains the ability to flower regulating such behaviour. This definition precludes plants from flowering in the juvenile phase. It is of major interest, therefore, to identify the physiological controls(Bluehreife) regulating such behavior. The length of the juvenile period in higher plants ranges from one year to over 60 years in different species. The long juvenile period of seedling is the main cause of the long duration of the breeding process. I determined the length of the juvenile period in various plants and its control of phase changes in natural system in relation to factors such as plant size and age, shoot morphology, apex size, root system and phytohormonal and nutritional status is reviewed. From the own experimental and observational evidence available it appears that both hormonal and nutritional factors can be involved in control of juvenility but that a specific juvenile or flowering hormone is not involved. Grafting, ringing, scoring, root pruning and fertilization have been used to accelerate flowering, but in most cases these cultured treatments are only successful on plants that were passed the juvenile phase. It is suggested that there are intrinsic difference between the meristematic cells of the apieces of juvenile and adult shoot, which are thus determined with respect to there development potentialities. The problems associated with the maintenance of the determined state through mitosis are discussed. The properties of transitional forms of Ribes nigrum L. intermediate between the juvenile and adult phase, are descrived and there implications discussed. Analogies are drawn between juvenile phenomena in woody perennials and in herbaceous species.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

To examine applicability of some optical indices from reflectance to estimate photosynthetic light use efficiency, photosynthesis, and narrow band spectral reflectance were simultaneously measured at various intensities of light with mongolian oak leaves. Narrow band of the broad-band NDVI was better than photochemical reflectance index and simple ratio to estimate photosynthetic light use efficiency in this study. Changes in spectral reflectance were detected at several wavelengths (540nm, 690nm, 740nm, and 800nm) associated with physiological status of plant leaves that could be components for new optical indices.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.115-130
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• 2002

Signal transduction refers to the processes by which cells perceive the environment and/or internal status. In many physiological responses, cellular signals are activated by the transducers attached to the cell surface plasma membrane in response to chemical modulators. Advances in information technology are required in the pharmaceutical sciences to screen and explore the potential therapeutic agents. (omitted)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.sup1
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• pp.12-26
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• 2009

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is effective and relatively safe method providing nutrients to patients with a nonfunctioning or insufficiently functioning gastrointestinal tract via peripheral or central vein. In last several decades, useful steps have been taken in the understanding of nutritional needs, physiological changes and complications of intravenously fed patients. PN includes amino acids, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins, iron, minerals and trace elements, and must be based on individual circumstances such as patient's age, health status and disease. The purpose of this review is to introduce overall components and recent updates of parenteral nutrition.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.776-790
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• 2000

Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvemen of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups：33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to identify factors that influence the health care needs of that over 65 years of age in Mokpo, Korea. Method: The data was collected from June 2002 to September 2002. The subjects were 120 homebound solitude elderly(age=76.8). Subjects were interviewed with structured questionnaire in order to identify the health care needs, health variables (perceived health status, risk of malnutrition, K-IADL), psychological variables(self-esteem, depression) and demographic variables. physiological health variables (height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, blood sugar)were assessed after the interview. Result: In general perceived health status was poor, risk of malnutrition was high, number of disease was 3 disease, self-esteem was low but depression was high and health care needs were relatively high. Among the elderly education & counseling needs topped the list. In regression analysis, health care needs were significantly influenced by IADL(23%), duration of solitudes(4%), sex(3%), and education(l%). These variables explained 31% of the variances in health care needs. Conclusion: The result identified that health care needs should be a considered in IADL, female, duration of solitudes and education for the solitude elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.98-111
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• 2001

The article demonstrates a method of studying human health and nutrition by applying a multi-disciplinary approach and examines how humans developed and survived by adjusting to their environment. This process involves physiological, cultural and genetic adaptation both independently and interactively. This study postulates that a sound human health may be the result of balance between nutrition and environmental conditions. It is noted that there is a positive correlation between malaria and fava bean intake, and sickle cell anemia and cassava intake. It is also suggested that the difference in disease structure in soybean and non-soybean consumption cultures can be explained by an ecological approach to studying nutrition. This study further suggest that the relationship between nutrition and socio-cultural system. epidmiological study of nutrition and cultural environment nutrition and conceptual characteristics, nutrition and food intake pattern, nutrition and health sociological functions and the physioloical, cultural and genetic adaptation can all be stimulating research subjects to be studied form and ecological point of view. This article also includes the results from a series of ecological studies conducted by the author investigating the relationship between nutritional status of Korean breast-feeding mothers and the composition of the human milk and also the Vitamin D status of Korean and their lifestyle. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):98-111, 2001)