• 제목/요약/키워드: physiological adaptation

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수뇨관 결찰이 신장에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Unilateral Renal Pedicle or Ureteral Occlusion on the Renal Function in the Rat)

  • 김신곤;조경우
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.173-187
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    • 1985
  • Renal compensatory adaptation caused by ablation of a part of renal mass has long been known in the field of the compensatory renal hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Many reports were found on the chronic mechanisms on the compensatory renal hyperfunction after exclusion of the contralateral kidney. However the mechanism(s) of the acute compensatory hyperfunction after contralateral exclusion has not yet been clarified. In the present experiment, we have tried to prove the possibility of the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system and/or prostaglandin system in the control mechanism of the acute compensatory renal hyperfunction after contralateral kidney exclusion. There were found different responses of the renal hyperfunction by contralateral renal pedicle or ureteral occlusion. Contralateral renal pedicle or ureteral occlusion caused a sustained increases of the urinary volume, sodium and potassium excretion, while the magnitude of the changes was different quantitatively by the maneuvers. Blood collection affected on the acute compensatory renal responses after ureteral as well as renal pedicle occlusion. Plasma prostaglandin $E_2$ level was not changed by the contralateral renal pedicle or ureteral occlusion. Urinary excretion of Prostaglandin $E_2$, the indices of renal prostaglandin biosynthesis, was not changed by the contralateral renal pedicle occlusion, but increased without significance by the contralateral ureteral occlusion. Acute renal compensatory responses after contralateral renal pedicle occlusion were blocked by the pretreatment of indomethacin. Plasma renin activity increased after contralateral ureteral occlusion, but the pattern of the increases was the same as in the time-control group. Plasma renin activity after contralateral renal pedicle occlusion did not change by the time sequence. SQ 20,881, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, blunted the contralateral renal responses after the renal pedicle occlusion. Bilateral renal denervation abolished the contralateral renal responses after the renal pedicle occlusion. The above data suggest that there is no direct evidence to support the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system and/or prostaglandin system for the acute compensatory renal hyperfunction after contralateral kidney exclusion, and that the functional changes of the intact kidney may be caused by a humoral substances, or other mechanisms by afferent renal nerve activity originating from the treated kidney.

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뉴로피드백 훈련이 후기청소년의 신체적, 정서심리적 스트레스 반응과 자기조절에 미치는 효과: 비무작위 연구 (The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Physical, Psychoemotional Stress Response and Self-Regulation for Late Adolescence: A Non-Randomized Trial)

  • 최문지;박완주
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.208-220
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of neurofeedback training for reducing stress and enhancing self-regulation in late adolescence to identify the possibility of use for nursing intervention. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 78 late adolescents assigned to the experimental group (n=39) that received the neurofeedback training and the control group (n=39). Data were collected on heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance level (SCL) to assess stress-biomarker response. The questionnaire contained 164 items from: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Self-regulatory Ability scale. The neurofeedback training was based on the general adaptation syndrome and body-mind medicine. The intervention was conducted in a total of 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with high-beta, theta and sensory motor rhythm training on scalp at central zero. Results: There were significant difference in standard deviation of normal to normal interval (p=.036) in HRV and SCL (p=.029) of stress-biomarker response between the two groups. Negative affect (p=.036) in PANAS and obsessive compulsive (p=.023) and depression (p<.001) in SCL-90-R were statistically significant. Self-regulation mode (p=.004) in self-regulation ability scale showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that the neurofeedback training is effective in stress-biomarkers, psychoemotional stress response and self-regulation. Therefore, neurofeedback training using neuroscientific approach based on brain-mind-body model can be used as an effective nursing intervention for late adolescents in clinics and communities for effective stress responses.

Proline, Sugars, and Antioxidant Enzymes Respond to Drought Stress in the Leaves of Strawberry Plants

  • Sun, Cunhua;Li, Xuehua;Hu, Yulong;Zhao, Pingyi;Xu, Tian;Sun, Jian;Gao, Xiali
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.625-632
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    • 2015
  • Drought is a severe abiotic stress that affects global crop production. A drought model was created for 'Toyonoka' Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa, and the effects of drought stress on contents of proline, sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Strawberry transplants with identical growth were chosen for the experiments and the randomized design included four replications (10 plants per block). The experimental sets differed in the moisture level of the culture medium relative to the range of moisture content as follows: control, 70-85%; mild drought stress, 50-60%; moderate drought stress, 40-50%; and severe drought stress, 30-40%. Drought stress was imposed by limiting irrigation. Plants were sampled and physiological parameters w ere measured on 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after the commencement of droughts tress. The water potential of strawberry leaves decreased in the plants under mild, moderate, and severe stress during the course of the water stress treatment and exhibited a significant difference from the control. Strawberry leaves subjected to drought stress had higher accumulation of proline, sugars, and malondialdehyde, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase than leaves of control plants. Malondialdehyde levels increased in parallel with the severity and duration of drought stress. By contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity displayed dynamic responses to drought stress, first increasing and subsequently decreasing as the severity and duration of drought stress increased. These results suggest that strawberry plants respond to drought stress by altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of osmotically active metabolites. These biochemical response changes may confer adaptation to drought stress and improve the capacity of plants to withstand water-deficit conditions.

Biomechanical behavior of CAD/CAM cobalt-chromium and zirconia full-arch fixed prostheses

  • Barbin, Thais;Silva, Leticia Del Rio;Veloso, Daniele Valente;Borges, Guilherme Almeida;Presotto, Anna Gabriella Camacho;Barao, Valentim Adelino Ricardo;Groppo, Francisco Carlos;Mesquita, Marcelo Ferraz
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.329-337
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE. To verify the influence of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) implant-supported prostheses manufactured with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and zirconia (Zr), and whether ceramic application, spark erosion, and simulation of masticatory cycles modify biomechanical parameters (marginal fit, screw-loosening torque, and strain) on the implant-supported system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten full-arch fixed frameworks were manufactured by a CAD/CAM milling system with Co-Cr and Zr (n=5/group). The marginal fit between the abutment and frameworks was measured as stated by single-screw test. Screw-loosening torque evaluated screw stability, and strain analysis was explored on the implant-supported system. All analyses were performed at 3 distinct times: after framework manufacturing; after ceramic application in both materials' frameworks; and after the spark erosion in Co-Cr frameworks. Afterward, stability analysis was re-evaluated after 106 mechanical cycles (2 Hz/150-N) for both materials. Statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=.05). RESULTS. No difference between the two materials was found for marginal fit, screwloosening torque, and strain after framework manufacturing (P>.05). Ceramic application did not affect the variables (P>.05). Spark erosion optimized marginal fit and strain medians for Co-Cr frameworks (P<.05). Screw-loosening torque was significantly reduced by masticatory simulation (P<.05) regardless of the framework materials. CONCLUSION. Co-Cr and Zr frameworks presented similar biomechanical behavior. Ceramic application had no effect on the biomechanical behavior of either material. Spark erosion was an effective technique to improve Co-Cr biomechanical behavior on the implant-supported system. Screw-loosening torque was reduced for both materials after masticatory simulation.

Pre-sleep casein protein ingestion: new paradigm in post-exercise recovery nutrition

  • Kim, Jooyoung
    • 운동영양학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.6-10
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    • 2020
  • [Purpose] Milk is a commonly ingested post-exercise recovery protein source. Casein protein, found in milk, is characterized by its slow digestion and absorption. Recently, several studies have been conducted with a focus on how pre-sleep casein protein intake could affect post-exercise recovery but our knowledge of the subject remains limited. This review aimed at presenting and discussing how pre-sleep casein protein ingestion affects post-exercise recovery and the details of its potential effector mechanisms. [Methods] We systematically reviewed the topics of 1) casein nutritional characteristics, 2) pre-sleep casein protein effects on post-exercise recovery, and 3) potential effector mechanisms of pre-sleep casein protein on post-exercise recovery, based on the currently available published studies on pre-sleep casein protein ingestion. [Results] Studies have shown that pre-sleep casein protein ingestion (timing: 30 minutes before sleep, amount of casein protein ingested: 40-48 g) could help post-exercise recovery and positively affect acute protein metabolism and exercise performance. In addition, studies have suggested that repeated pre-sleep casein protein ingestion for post-exercise recovery over a long period might also result in chronic effects that optimize intramuscular physiological adaptation (muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy). The potential mechanisms of pre-sleep casein protein ingestion that contribute to these effects include the following: 1) significantly increasing plasma amino acid availability during sleep, thereby increasing protein synthesis, inhibiting protein breakdown, and achieving a positive protein balance; and 2) weakening exercise-induced muscle damage or inflammatory responses, causing reduced muscle soreness. Future studies should focus on completely elucidating these potential mechanisms. [Conclusion] In conclusion, post-exercise ingestion of at least 40 g of casein protein, approximately 30 minutes before sleep and after a bout of resistance exercise in the evening, might be an effective nutritional intervention to facilitate muscle recovery.

Going Wilde: Prendick, Montgomery and Late-Victorian Homosexuality in The Island of Doctor Moreau

  • Canadas, Ivan
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.461-485
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    • 2010
  • The present paper focuses on a specific aspect of H. G. Wells' The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), namely the issue of homosexuality, particularly as it concerns Prendick, the novel's primary narrator, and Montgomery, Moreau's assistant on the island, both of whom are implicitly associated with homosexual identity-and suggested to represent various forms of repression or acceptance-their personalities, or psyche, explored in relation to other characters on Moreau's island, particularly the Beast Folk, as well as Doctor Moreau and his treatment of the creatures as an allegory of Victorian anti-sodomy legislation and its most celebrated victim, Oscar Wilde, who had been convicted for male sodomy in 1895, only months prior to the original publication of The Island of Doctor Moreau. In addition, this paper examines an extensive series of allusions to Oscar Wilde and to late-Victorian homosexual scandals, including that author's own conviction, allusions to others involved in the affair-some of which involve situational/plot analogies, while others involve echoes or semantic associations between the names of characters in Moreau and historical figures-as well as allusions and parallels involving the most recognizably biographical of Wilde's works, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The deliberate, complex web of allusions and ironic implications of homosexuality, presented in this essay, thus, expands considerably upon existing scholarly work on a range of matters concerning homosexual identity and conduct within the context of social conventions and legislation in the late-Victorian period, as well as more broadly, in scientific and humanistic terms. In this respect, one key aspect of this essay is the exploration of the novel's setting of Noble's Island, which, among other things, includes topographical allusions to nineteenth-century scientific theories of anatomical anomalies in pederasts-namely those of the eminent French forensic medical scientist, Ambroise Tardieu (1818-1879), whose underlying framework of physiological adaptation, moreover, intersected with the scientific interests of Wells and of his protagonist. Beyond this, it is shown that, in Moreau, there is as a web of allusions to homosexual practice and those same anomalies, involving the character of Montgomery and his name.

비기능적 습관에 의한 전반적인 마모 환자의 고딕아치 기록장치 및 교합안정장치를 통한 완전 구강 회복 증례 (Full-mouth rehabilitation of a patient with severe tooth wear using a gothic arch tracer and stabilization splint.)

  • 주성우
    • 대한심미치과학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2023
  • 비기능적 습관을 가진 환자는 턱관절 장애, 저작 근육의 근막통증증후군 등과 함께 치아의 광범위한 마모를 유발한다. 지속되는 교모는 수직교합고경의 감소를 동반하게 되며 이는 안모의 변화, 저작 효율 저하, 측두하악 관절 장애 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이런 수직교합고경 감소 환자의 3차원적인 교합 회복과 재구성을 위해서는 정확한 진단 및 분석과 예지성 있는 치료계획 수립이 필요하며, 생리적인 수직교합고경의 회복 및 정상적인 교합평면 재설정을 동반한 보철치료가 필요하다. 본 증례는 구강 악습관에 의한 전반적인 치아의 마모와 저작근의 불편감, 그리고 수직교합고경 감소로 인한 심미적 불만족을 호소하는 환자의 수직교합고경 증가를 동반한 완전 구강 회복 증례이다. 교합안정장치를 통한 측두하악관절의 안정과 고딕아치 기록장치를 이용한 악간관계 재설정 및 임시 수복물을 통한 경과 관찰을 통해 기능적, 심미적으로 좋은 결과를 보였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

벼와 잡초(雜草)의 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 종자생산(鐘子生産) 특성(特性)에 따른 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略) (Adaptation Strategy in Dry Matter and Seed Production of Rice and Weed Species)

  • 김순철
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.183-200
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    • 1989
  • 1987년(年) 국제(國際) 미작연구소(米作硏究所)(IRRI)에서 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 종자(鐘子) 생산특성(生産特性)을 조사(調査)하여 이들 특성(特性)이 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위해 벼 2품종(品種)과 논잡초(雜草) 7종(種)을 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)은 잡초(雜草)에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 대체(大體)로 종자생산(鐘子生産) 전략(戰略)이 가장 중요(重要)한 적응(適應) 전략(戰略)이었다. 방동산이 과(科) 잡초(雜草)인 바람하늘직이와 알방동산이는 높은 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability))과 낮은 상대개화(相對開花) 건물중(乾物重)(첫 개화시(開花時) 건물중(乾物重)/일생중(一生中) 최대(最大) 건물중(乾物重)${\times}$100))으로 대단(大斷)히 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였으며, 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)인 물달개비와 여뀌바늘의 경우 높은 조형력((造形力)(Plasticity))과 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(물달개비), 또는 매우 높은 광합성(光合成) 효율(效率)(여뀌바늘)을 통(通)하여 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였고, 화본과(禾本科) 잡초(雜草)인 피 종류(種類)는 효율적(效率的)인 생장(生長)(순동화율(純同化率), 상대생장율(相對生長率))과 높은 Ratooning ability(Echinochloa glabrescens, 강피일종 및 Echinochloa colona, 돌피 일종) 또는 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(E. glabrescens)을 통(通)하여 효율적(效率的)인 종자생산(鐘子生産)을 하였다. 수확지수(收種指數)(Harvest index)는 벼에 비(比)해 잡초(雜草)가 전반적(全般的)으로 낮았고, 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability)은 바람하늘직이가 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 알방동산이, E. colona, E. glabrescens 순(順)이였다. 종자생산력(種子生産力)은 알방동산이(주당(株當) 약(約)279,000개(個))와 여뀌바늘(268,000개(個)/주(株)이 가장 높았고, 벼는 가장 낮은 종자생산력(種子生産力)을 보였다(1,300~6,100개(個)/주(株)). 그러나 종자(種子)무게는 종자수(種子數)와는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다(대수관계식(對數關係式)).

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사료 내 비테인 첨가 급여가 비육돈의 영양소 소화율 및 생리학적 변화에 미치는 영향 (Effects of supplementation of dietary betaine on apparent nutrient digestibility and physiological responses in finishing pigs)

  • 김기현;김광식;김두완;사수진;김영화
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 사료 내 비테인의 첨가 급여 시 비육돈의 영양소 소화율 및 생리학적 반응을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 평균 체중 $80.1{\pm}3.7kg$의 거세 숫퇘지 12두를 개별 대사케이지에 공시하였다. 시험사료는 비육돈의 영양소 요구량을 충족하는 시판사료를 기초 대조구 시험사료로 하였으며, 기초사료에 0.5%의 비테인을 첨가한 사료를 처리구 사료로 이용하였다. 시험디자인은 $2{\times}2$ Latin square 법으로 설계하여 각 Phase 당 7일간 순치기간과 7일간의 시험기간을 두었다. 분석에서 얻어진 결과들에 대하여 처리구간의 통계적 유의성은 student' t-test을 이용하여 검정하였다. 영양소 소화율을 조사한 결과, 비테인 첨가 급여에 의해 건물 및 단백질의 외관상 소화율이 통계적으로 유의하게 각각 1%와 1.3%가 개선되는 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 에너지 이용율을 조사한 결과에서도 에너지의 외관상 소화율이 82.3%에서 83.7%로 비테인 급여에 의해 증가되었으며(p<0.05), 이로 인하여 체내 에너지 retention도 약 6% 이상 (대조구 4,057 vs 처리구 4,314 kcal; p<0.01) 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 혈중 생화학 성분 및 스트레스 호르몬, 면역단백질, 전염증성 사이토카인을 분석한 결과에서는 비테인 급여에 의한 유의한 영향은 관찰되지 않았다. 요약하자면, 육성돈 사료 내 비테인의 첨가급여는 생리적으로 부정적인 영향 없이 영양소 소화율 및 에너지 이용성 개선에 유의한 효과를 가지며, 이것은 증체량 및 사료효율을 개선하여 생산성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

Mild stressed rat을 이용한 수종한약의 항우울효과에 대한 실험적 연구 (Anti-depressant Effect of Herbal Extracts in the Chronic Mild Stressed Rat)

  • 윤정환;신동원;배현수;신민규;홍무창
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.113-117
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    • 2003
  • This study was performed to investigate the anti-depression effect of herbal extracts (Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Corni Fructus, Lycii Fructus, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Nelumbinis Semen) in the chronic mild stressed rat. After adaptation period for 2 weeks, each herbal extract was administered to the rats divided 5 groups. For comparison, St. John's wart was administered to another group in the same environment. The chronic mild stress was induced to rats by overnight illumination for 2 days before the forced swimming test. Struggling time, first latency and rest duration were calculated during the forced swimming test to evaluate the anti-depressant effect. The results were as follows: 1. In the result of evaluation of the struggling time, there was no significance in Pinelliae Rhizoma (-1.1%), Corni Fructus (-3.9%), Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (15.2%), Lycii Fructus (4.9%), St. John's wart (25.2%). There was a significant increase only in Nelumbinis Semen (43.9%) (P=0.0037). 2. In the result of evaluation of the first latency time, there was no significance in Lycii Fructus (-21.37%), Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (38.4%), Pinelliae Rhizoma (65.5%), Corni Fructus (29.2%), St. John's wart (75.8%). There was a significant increase only in Nelumbinis Semen (90.2%) (P=0.0116). 3. In the result of evaluation of the first rest duration, there was no change in St. John's wart, and Decrease was shown in Pinelliae Rhizoma (62.4%), Corni Fructus (31.6%) Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (63.1 %), Lycii Fructus (12.4%), Nelumbinis Semen (59.0%), but there was no significance in all. 4. Nelumbinis Semen is considered to have a superior anti-depression effect than the other herbal extracts, and to have a superior and-depression effect than St. John's wart being used commonly.