• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2000

Electron beam (EB) irradiation was compared with gamma ray (GR) in terms of their effects on physicochemical qualities of microbial-decontaminated red pepper powder. The pH and soluble solid of the samples were relatively constant when exposed to EB and GR up to 15 kGy, which also did not induce significant chances in total and reducing sugars. The water soluble pigment and capsanthin content of red pepper powder showed a decreasing tendency as the irradiation dose increased. However, the pungent components, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were shown resistant to irradiation doses applied. Based upon the results, EB was similar to GR in its effect on the physicochemical attributes of the samples, and the irradiation doses required for microbial control were not detrimental to the quality attributes of red pepper powder.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2004

The physicochemical and sensory qualities of pumpkin jams replaced sucrose with sugar alcohols were investigated during storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Pumpkin jam was prepared with steamed ground pumpkin, mixed with sucrose only(50%), sorbitol (sucrose 30%＋sorbitol 20%) or maltitol (sucrose 30%＋maltitol 20%). Final sweetness of each pumpkin jam was 64$^{\circ}$ Brix. During 60 days of storage there were no differences in acidity and pH among treatments. Reducing sugar content was higher in sucrose, compared to maltitol or sorbitol. During storage, Hunter L, a and b values increased; L and b values were the highest in maltitol and a value were the highest in sucrose compared to the other sugars. Adhesiveness and hardness of textural properties were the highest in sugar and the lowest in maltitol. Sensory evaluation results showed that the mean scores of color, clarity, flavor and overall acceptability were the highest in maltitol, compared to sucrose or sorbitol. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pumpkin jams during storage in a PCA plot comprised of first principal component (58.79%) and second principal component (20.94%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.816-821
• /
• 1994

The physicochemical properties and cooking qualities of six cultivars of covered barley, four malting barley and six naked barley were investigated. The 1, 000 kernel weight was heavier in the malting barley and ash content was the highest in covered barley. The varietal variation of amylose content was 17.7 to 20.2%. $\beta$-Glucan viscosity was generally lower in the malting barely, and varied greatly among barley cutivars with 2.16 to 8.47 cSt. The pearling rate was highest in naked barley with a mean of 75.5% and protein content of aw and pearled barely was significantly different with cultivars. In the cultivars tested, Doosan 8, Youngsan and Iri 5 showed the higher milling rate. Amylose patterns showed that the covered barley cultivars has lower gelatinization temperature and higher peak height and height at 50 $^{\circ}C$ than the malting and naked barley. The water absorptions were highest in covered barley cultivars , and lowest in naked barley cultivars. The soluble solid was highest in naked barley cultivars.

• Food Quality and Culture
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2007

Physicochemical qualities and consumer acceptability of chocolate layer cake were studied with varied levels of rosemary powder at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%. The ash content of the cake increased from 2.30 to 3.10%, as the amount of rosemary powder increased from 0 to 0.6%, and the carbohydrate content of the cake decreased as the addition of rosemary powder increased. There were no significant differences in moisture contents and pH values among the samples and the pH values of all samples were within the typical pH range of 7.5-8.0 for chocolate layer cakes. Water loss from the control cake was greater than that from the cakes with rosemary powder supporting the suggestion that the addition of rosemary powder to the chocolate layer cake could increase moisture retention of the cake. Consumer acceptability of all the samples showed higher preferences of more than 7 points. Rosemary aroma, mint flavor and after taste were highly positively correlated with the fat content. Fat and ash content of the cake, which tended to increase in proportion to the rosemary powder content, were negatively correlated with acceptance of herb flavor, sweet taste, moistness, softness and intensity of softness but positively correlated with intensity of herb flavor. With the results above, trials on chocolate layer cake using rosemary powder were successfully performed within the ranges tested.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.390-393
• /
• 2011

The effects of differing baking ingredient formulations on physicochemical qualities and consumer preferences were investigated using sponge cakes incorporated with tomato powder, a healthy and beneficial food ingredient, as a model system. Tomato powder was incorporated into cake batter at four different amounts (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, w/w) by replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour. After appropriate mixing, sponge cakes were baked and cake quality attributes were evaluated after cooling. Specific volume decreased with an increase in the tomato powder substitution, although not significantly (p>0.05). On the other hand, baking loss increased from 10.3 (control) to 13.4 (30% sample) as the tomato powder level increased in the formulation. Lightness ($L^*$) decreased significantly from 79.5 to 74.1 whereas the firmness significantly increased with the higher incorporation of tomato powder (p<0.05). The consumer preferences on color, taste, and flavor, but not softness, were significantly affected by the amount of tomato powder incorporated in the sample (p<0.05). With respect to overall acceptability, the 20% sample received the highest mean score of 5.1, although this was not significantly different from the 10% sample or control (p>0.05). The incorporation of tomato powder, up to 20%, in the formulation of sponge cakes did not significantly influence the consumers' acceptability in all attributes tested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.465-467
• /
• 1997

The comparative effects of ozone treatment and gamma irradiation on the sterilization, physicochemical properties and sensory quality of red pepper powder were investigated. As for the sterilization of microorganisms, 7.5~10 KGy of gamma irradiation completely eliminated the coliforms, yeast and molds, and total aerobic bacteria. On the other hand, ozone treatment failed to eliminate the highly contaminated microbial load, especially total aerobic bacteria. The physicochemical properties including capsaicin, capsanthin, browning, fatty acid compositions and sensory quality were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation up to 10 kGy, whereas ozone treatment caused significant changes in fatty acid compositions and destruction of natural pigments (p<0.05). The above results led us to conclude that gamma irradiation was more effective than ozone treatment for the sterilization and maintenance of physicochemical and sensory qualities of red pepper powders.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.271-279
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of beef consomme made with different boiling times (1, 2, 3 and 4hrs). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouth feel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for color, smell, mouth feel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the product, the color, smell and taste gave higher scores with increases in the boiling time. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values (L) decreased, and redness (a), yellowness(b) and color difference values (ΔE) increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids identified; the alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine contents were high in the free amino acids of the consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugars identified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free sugar contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the consomme made with different boiling time; with high K, Na and P contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing, boiling time. The results showed the consomme made by boiling for 3hrs was superior in both its sensory and physicochemical qualities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2015

To develop new type of sponge cake, the effects of partial (0~40%) replacement with Rubus coreanus powder (RCP) on the quality characteristics of sponge cakes were investigated. The pH level and moisture content ranged from 4.05~8.23 and 28.49~36.59, respectively, and significantly decreased upon addition of RCP (P<0.05). Baking loss rate and cake firmness significantly increased with higher RCP content in the formulation, whereas morphological characteristics of cakes such as height, volume, and symmetry indices significantly decreased (P<0.05). For crumb color values, $L^*$-and $b^*$-values significantly decreased while $a^*$-value significantly increased as a result of RCP substitution (P<0.05). Hedonic sensory results indicated that sponge cakes supplemented with 30~40% RCP showed the most favorable acceptance scores for most of the sensory attributes evaluated. Overall, Rubus coreanus sponge cake could be developed with comparable physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 1994

For the purpose of improving microbiolgical quality of carrot powder, which is being used as minor ingredients of convenience foods, comparative influence of Υ-irradiation and ethylene oxide(E.O) fumigation was investigated with emphasis on sterilizating effect and physicochemical propertied Carrot powder sample was contaminated with thermophiles 4.0$\times$103/g, acid tolerant bacteria 3.7$\times$103/g and coliforms 1.6$\times$102/g, respectively. And thus sanitation process was required. E.O fumigation in commercial practice was not enough to destroy thermophilic bacteria, while Υ-irradiation at below 5 kGy could reduce all microorganisms up to undectected levels. Radiosensitivity(D10) of thermophiles was shown to be 2.25 kGy. The applicable dose of irradiation to the improvement of microbiological quality showed insignificant influences on the physicochemical quality of the sample.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.166-171
• /
• 2008

Abstracts Soybean sprouts which are a popular vegetable in Korea, are produced using the techniques of sous vide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nisin and storage temperature on the microbiological and physicochemical qualities of sous vide processed soybean sprouts during storage in order to improve shelf-life and industrial applications. During storage of the cook-chilled soybean sprouts at $3^{\circ}C$, no development of mesophilic microorganisms was observed. However, at $10^{\circ}C$ storage without nisin, the number of mesophilic microorganisms increased markedly, whereas sprouts stored at the same temperature with nisin showed no observed increase. Psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, and Bacillus cereus all showed similar trends. The ascorbic acid content, following the sequential heat processing of soybean sprouts through blanching and pasteurization decreased markedly during early storage, and stabilized thereafter. During storage, no major changes in the color or ascorbic acid content of samples at either temperature were observed. With regard to microbial and physicochemical qualities, the presences of nisin and storage temperature are important factors for extending shelf-life of soybean sprout.