• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the virtual reality training (VRT) using 3-dimensional video gaming technology on spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults. METHODS: The study participants were divided into two groups: the VRT group and the control group. Those in the VRT group were enrolled in a VRT, which was conducted for 60 min per day, two times a week, during the 6-week research. The Wii-Fit balance board game was used for the VRT intervention. The VRT consisted of 6 different types of games, namely, jogging, swordplay, ski jump, hula hoop, tennis, and step dance. A 3-dimensional TV was used for 3-dimensional display. Participants in both the groups received 3 sessions of fall prevention education, at the first, third, and fifth weeks. Their gait parameters were measured by using OptoGait. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of the VRT, the spatial gait parameters of the participants, that is stride length and step length, were significantly improved compared with those of the control group participants (p<0.05). The temporal gait parameters, such as velocity, cadence, stride time, and step time, also showed improvement after the completion of the VRT training (p<0.05). Both the temporal and spatial gait parameters of the VRT group participants showed improvement after 6 weeks of the program compared with those of the control group participants (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The VRT using 3-dimensional video gaming technology might be beneficial for improving gait parameters to prevent falls among older adults.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1995

In general, research in isokinetic exercise has focussed on studies of peak torque. However, peak torque is not always sufficient to assess the real amount of motion or to determine endurance. In this study, the subjects were 54 healthy students who performed continuous maximal isokinetic knee flexion and extension until their total work per time reached 50% of their maximal total work. Isokinetic curves were then plotted. Total work sums, exercise durations in seconds, and the numbers of repetitions were compared with reference to subject gender, angular velocity and muscle group. The relationship between total work sum, duration and number of repetition and thigh circumference plus leg length was computed. In addition, the characteristics of total work per second and total work per time were calculated. Results showed the total work sums differed greatly from muscle group to muscle group and with different angular velocities. The duration in seconds and the numbers of repetition differed only at higher angular velocity. Males achieved higher levels in every category except for some duration in seconds and some numbers of repetitions. Thigh circumference and leg length were deciding fators in every case, but duration in seconds and number of repetitions were not. These results suggest that measures of endurance should be included along with measures of total work when isokinetic studies are done. Measures of endurance in seconds are more accurate when isokinetic exercise is performed at lower angular velocities and numbers of repetitions at higher angular velocities.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

Flow in a channel with an obstruction at the entry can be reverse, stagnant or forward depending on the position of the obstruction. These flow phenomena have potential applications in the control of energy and various flows in process engineering. Parameters that affect this flow inside and around the test channel are the gap (g) between the obstruction geometry and the test channel, the Reynolds number (Re) and the length (L) of the test channel. The influence of these parameters on the flow behavior was investigated using a flat plate obstruction at the entry of the channel. A low concentration polyacrylamide solution (0.018% by weight) showing a powerlaw fluid behavior was used as the fluid in this investigation. The flow phenomena were investigated by the velocity measurement and the flow visualization and their results were compared with numerical simulation. These results of low concentration polyacrylamide solution are also compared with the results of water published elsewhere (Kabir et al., 2003). The maximum reverse flow inside the test channel observed was 20% - 30% of the outside test channel velocity at a g/w (gap to width) ratio of 1 for Reynolds numbers of 1000 to 3500. The influence of the test channel length (L) and the Reynolds number (Re) on the velocity ratio ($V_i$/$V_o$: inside velocity/outside velocity in the test channel) are also presented and discussed here.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effects of incorporating short-term slow-abdominal respiration (SAR) into an exercise program, on balance and the cardiac-related autonomic nervous system (ANS). Design: Cross-over repeated measures design. Methods: Fifteen young and healthy adults were randomly assigned into two groups (7 in the C-R group, 8 in the R-C group), each of which carried out both control sequence (C) and respiration-experiment sequence (R) in the inverse order. In the C sequence, the subjects performed passive exercises and a general exercise program (P-GEP). In the R sequence, the subjects received a short-term SAR training session and then performed the respiration incorporated general exercises program (R-RGEP). Before and after both C and R sequences, the length and the area of the displacement of the center of pressure (COP) and heart rate variability parameters were measured. Results: The total length of the COP displacement in the left single-leg-standing condition showed a significantly greater reduction after R-RGEP in the respiration-experiment sequence than after the P-GEP in the control sequence (p<0.05). The mean heart rate was significantly reduced only after R-RGEP in the respiration-experiment sequence (p<0.05) Conclusions: The slow-abdominal-respiration, trained in a simple manner and integrated into the exercise program in a single session, showed partially positive immediate effects on balance stabilization. The decrease in heart rate indicated possible involvement of the parasympathetic ANS activation in the stability, although it is not enough to decide whether it is purely due to the controlled respiration.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance and gait between fallers and non-fallers in elderly. A brief questionnaire was used to obtain the fall history. Twenty-seven women subjects were evaluated in this study. Eleven subjects and a mean age of 84.5 years (SD=4.6) were designated as the faller group. Sixteen subjects and a mean age of 80.3 years (SD=5.3) were designated as the non-faller group. The fall-related factors (mental status, balance, range of motion and muscle strength of lower extremity, sensation of foot, and cadence, walking velocity, stride length) were compared between faller group and non-faller group and measured. The results showed that faller group had significantly less range of motion of the hip flexion and knee extension, and strength of the knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor than non-faller group. The scores of the Functional reach test and One leg standing were significantly less in faller group than in non-faller group. Faller group showed less walking velocity and stride length compared to non-faller group. However, there was no significant difference in cadence during comfortable waking and fast walking between two groups. There were no significant differences in pressure, position sensory between two groups. These results suggest that exercise for improving the flexibility, muscle strength of the lower extremity and balance may be useful strategies to prevent fall in elderly. Further studies are needed to identify which specific factors are related to fall in the elderly population.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2011

e-Book의 인터페이스 설계는 인쇄 텍스트를 읽고 이해하는 과정에서 시각적 경험에 의해 획득되는 물리적 요인을 반영할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 e-Book 인터페이스 설계를 위한 디지털 텍스트 구조의 물리적 요인은 무엇인지를 규명하고, 이를 반영한 프로토타입의 e-Book 인터페이스를 개발해 봄으로써 그 가능성을 확보하고자 하였다. 디지털 텍스트 구조의 물리적 요인을 규명하기 위하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석이 실시되었으며, 이를 위해 237명의 대학생들이 설문조사에 참여하였다. 연구결과, 디지털 텍스트 구조의 물리적 요인에 대한 29개의 문항이 개발되었으며 신뢰도는 0.91이었다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 부피(volume), 깊이(depth), 밀도(density), 공간(space), 배열(layout), 형태 (format), 단서(signal), 크기(size), 그리고 길이(length) 등 9개의 요인이 도출되었으며, 설명량은 71.49%였다. 9개 요인의 구조에 대한 확인적 요인분석 결과, 각 요인의 적재량은 p<.01 수준에서 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며, 전체적인 모형 적합지수도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구결과의 논의와 추후연구를 위한 시사점이 제시되었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of unilateral static stretching on the flexibility and symmetry of the lower leg, and temporal gait variables in gait asymmetry people. METHODS: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided into a unilateral static stretching group (USG, n = 10) and control group (CON, n = 10). The USG performed unilateral static stretching for 60 minutes, three times a week, and eight weeks. The flexibility of the lower leg (SR), and symmetry (BR), and temporal gait variables (Step length; SL, gait speed; GS) were measured before, after four and eight weeks of unilateral static stretching. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured SL value. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. RESULTS: SR and BR in the dominant and non-dominant side, and GS were increased significantly at USG after eight-weeks compared to before unilateral static stretching (p < .05). The difference in BR in the dominant and non-dominant side, and step length (SI) decreased significantly at USG after eight-weeks compared to before unilateral static stretching (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral static stretching improves the flexibility and symmetry of the lower leg, and temporal gait variables in gait asymmetry people.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.88-107
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• 2000

The Alcoholics Anonymous(AA) program has been known to be effective in many countries in helping alcoholics to stop drinking and to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. In this study, we examined AA activities among Korean AA members and measured the self-evaluated physical, social, and mental changes following the entry into the AA program. Out of identified 300 AA members who were attending 18 different AA group meetings at the time of the survey, 207 completed the self-administered questionnaire(response rate of 69.0%). T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the scores of physica(4-items), social(4-items), and menta(10-items) changes according to the level of AA activities. The proportion of the respondents who practiced the 11th step (meditation) or the 12th step (take alcoholics to a meeting after carrying messages) on the regular basis was 66.6% and 37.2%, respectively. The average time spent in meditation per week was $4.8{\pm}5.47$ hours. The length of participation in AA meetings has significantly positive impact on the average score of changes in all the 3 health states; physical(p<.01), social(p<.05), and mental states(p<.01). Also, practicing the 11th step was significantly associated with improvement of social(p<.01) and mental(p<.05), while practicing the 12th step improved only mental states(p<.01). Our findings demonstrated that not only the length of participation in AA meetings but also the practice of regular meditation(11th step) and taking alcoholics to an AA meeting after carrying messages(12th step) are very important for AA members, and lead to great positive changes in physical, social, and mental states following entry into the AA program.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot positions using K A T 2000 (Berg, Inc, vista, CA.1994). Thirty (male 15, female 15) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were tested at a one leg position or a two leg position that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$. The starting position was where the subject crossed their arms across the chest and flexed knees slightily. The results of each test were displayed on a screen in a score format, which indicated balance index. These collected data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: When changing the angle of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated by $25^{\circ}$ was better than that with the foot rotated by $45^{\circ}$. When changing the direction of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated laterally was better - except for the case when the foot was medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the right-foot static standing position. When the feet were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the two-foot static standing position, and were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ in the one-foot static standing position, the balance performance of females was better than that of males. In this study, it was found that the balance performance of the subjects changed when the position of the foot was shifted on an unstable base of support. However, there was little correlation between balance performance and the height, weight and foot length of the subjects. It is necessary to conduct a follow-up study targeting various age groups and those with various diseases using an unstable platform or applying different physical or visual conditions, such as the length of the legs. Physical therapists need to consider the position of the foot in clinical settings for a better balance training or assessment.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2018

Background: Passive straight leg raising (PSLR) is the common clinical test to measure of hamstring muscle length. Hip flexion angle contributes to change the lumbopelvic rotation during PSLR. Pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) is commonly used to detect lumbopelvic movement during lower limb movements. Thus, there may be the relationship between pressure of PBU and lumbopelvic motion during PSLR. Objects: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between pressure of PBU and lumbopelvic motion during PSLR. Methods: Thirty two subjects participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis system were used to measure the lumbopelvic angle during PSLR, while recording the pressure of PBU according to angle of PSLR by 10 degree increments. Pearson product moment correlations and linear regression analysis were used to describe the relationship between variables. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the lumbopelvic and angle of PSLR (Pearson's r=.83, p<.05), between the pressure of PBU and angle of PSLR (Pearson's r=.75, p<.05), and between lumbopelvic motion and pressure of PUB (Pearson's r=.83, p<.05). Linear regression equation using lumbopevic angle as an independent factor was as follows: Pressure of PBU = 47.35 + (2.55 ${\times}$ angle of lumbopelvic motion) ($R^2=.69$, p<.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that pressure of PBU can be used to indirectly detect the amounts of lumbobevic motion during muscle length test or stretching of hamstring.