• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.623-636
• /
• 2023

This study utilized small-scale physical model tests to investigate the impact of different types of geosynthetics, including geocell, planar geotextile, and wraparound geotextile, on the behaviour of strip footings placed on 0.8 m thick soil fills and backfills with a slope angle of 70°. Bearing capacity and settlement of the footing and failure mechanisms are discussed and evaluated. The results revealed that the bearing capacity of footings situated on both unreinforced and reinforced slopes increased with a greater embedment depth of the footing. For settlement ratios below 4%, the geocell reinforcement exhibited significantly higher stiffness, carrying greater loads and experiencing less settlement compared to the planar and wraparound geotextile reinforcements. However, the performance of geocell reinforcement was influenced by the number and length of the geocell layers. Increasing the geocell back length ratio from 0.44 to 0.84 significantly improved the bearing capacity of the footing located at the crest of the reinforced slope. Adequate reinforcement length, particularly for geocell, enhanced the bearing pressure of the footing and increased the stiffness of the slope, resulting in reduced deflections. Increasing the length of reinforcement also led to improved performance of the footing located on wraparound geotextile reinforced slopes. In all reinforcement cases, reducing the vertical spacing between reinforcement layers from 100 mm to 75 mm allowed the slope to withstand much greater loads.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.110
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of gastrocnemius(GCM) muscle length on the dynamic balance and antero-posterior pressure distribution of foot. Thirty subjects were recruited and each subject was classified with control experimental and control group according to GCM muscle length. The experimental group included subjects with shortness of GCM muscle length, the control group included subjects with normal length of GCM. The dynamic balance and antero-posterior pressure distribution of foot were measured by Biorescue equipment. To evaluate dynamic balance, we collected data of limit of stability in antero-posterior direction. We analyzed the data by using independent t-test. The alpha level was set 0.05. The results showed that the dynamic balance and antero-posterior pressure distribution of foot were significantly different between two groups (p<0.05). This study suggests that the shortness of GCM affects anterior limited of stability in dynamic balance and anterior pressure distribution of foot. Therefore, it is important to maintain optimal GCM muscle length for normal balance ability and prevention of musculoskeletal disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 1998

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with Q-35 at the dose levels of 0, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day by oral gavage from gestation day 17 to lactation period. Effects of the test chemical on general findings, reproductive performance of dams and development of Fl generation were examined. There were no treatment related changes in physical signs, body weight, necropsy findings, organ weights, delivery and nursing behavior. In 100 and 300 mg/fg/day treated groups, the food consumption of dams was decreased significantly during gestational day 19~21. The gestation length of 300 mg/tg/day treated group was increased significantly compared to the control group (22.3 $\pm$0.48 vs 22.0$\pm$0.39). Although the gestational length of all groups were in normal range of the rat, potential effect of the drug could not be ruled out. External anomaly of Fl fetus induced by Q-35 was not detected in any groups. There were no treaoent related changes in physical development, reflex functions, sensory functions, locomotor activity and motor coordinating activity. Estrus cycle, fertility and reproductive performance of Fl were not changed in all treated groups. There was no external abnormality related to the drug administration on the examination of F2. These results suggest that Q-35 has no adverse effect on the peri- and postnatal period in rats except the reduction of food consumption at the beginning of drug administration and the potential effect on the elongation of gestation length.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 2014

Peplums have a great advantage in easy styling for wearers to acquire desired physical and reminiscent images depending on the type and where it is placed on the waist line. However, the study of peplum blouses has not yet recognized. This study suggests a baseline data for visual appraisals as a determined key factor is changes. The result of this study as follows: First, peplums published between 2012 through 2014 collections are used for decorative effects on tops or bottoms as the finest decoration details of fashioning women's physical attractiveness. Its application has been extended to various fashion themes such as belts and overskirt that are made of peplum itself. Second, peplums published between 2012 through 2014 collections have close correlation of how the position, shape, and length of peplums are attached on bottoms. Peplum effects are categorized as extension of tops, expansion of bottoms, connections of tops and bottoms, and separation of tops and bottoms. Third, total of seventy nine peplum blouses that are found in the domestic online shopping mall are analyzed. The total length of peplum blouses are generally produced to 56 to 61cm, which is little shorter than or approximately equal to the hip line of women aged in between twenty to twenty four. In addition, the most popular peplum design is made of flare and cutting lines on the waist line and is 45.56% of samples. The most common location of peplums is identified as 3 to 6 cm above the natural waist line or the natural waist line and is 78.47% of samples. Fourth, the key factor of peplum blouse that can significantly influence the visual image is the total length of blouse, position of peplum, and peplum shape.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.485-498
• /
• 2019

Pre-tensioned rock bolts can be classified into fully anchored, lengthening anchored and point anchored bolts based on the bond length of the resin or cement mortar inside the borehole. Bolts in varying anchoring methods may significantly affect the supporting effect of surrounding rock around a tunnel. However, thus far, the theoretical basis of selecting a proper anchoring method has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on this problem, 16 schemes were designed while incorporating the effects of anchoring length, pretension, bolt length, and spacing, and a systematic numerical experiment was performed in this paper. The distribution characteristics of the stress field in the surrounding rock, which corresponded to various anchoring scenarios, were obtained. Furthermore, an analytical approach for computing the active and passive strengthening index of the anchored surrounding rock is presented. A new fully anchoring method with pretension and matching technology are also provided. Then, an isolated loading model of the anchored surrounding rock was constructed. The physical simulation test for the bearing capacity of the model was performed with three schemes. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of varying anchoring methods was validated. The research findings in this paper may provide theoretical guidelines for the design and construction of bolting support in tunnels.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.244-250
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in physique characteristics between the excellent domestic player groups in each sport player's, to prevent epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system and to provide fundamental data to improve performances for players. This study has performed for total 60 student players from Y University in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, consists of 20 Kendo players, 20 Judo players and 20 Taekwondo players. We measured the length and circumference of arm, leg, body using Martin anthropometer to collect the data for 3 groups. There was significant difference in lower left arm length between player groups(p<.01), and Kendo players' right side femoral were longer than other 2 groups for leg length measurement(p<.01). Judo players' circumference for right/left stretched arm/bent upper arm were thicker than other 2 groups(p<.01). Taekwondo players' chest circumference were smaller than other 2 groups(p<.01), and Taekwondo players' right/left femoral circumference were thinner than other 2 groups(p<.05). From this study, it was found that there are physique characteristics differences between the Kendo, Judo and Taekwondo player groups. This indicates that repeated exercise for each sport player causes physique change, and it may cause epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system. It is recommended to perform balancing exercise prior to main exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to identify whether resistance exercise using elastic bands for six weeks can improve muscle strength, muscle tone, balance, and gait in patients with stroke. Methods : In total, 35 patients with stroke were randomly divided into three groups: resistance exercise using elastic band training combined with less affected side training group, more affected side training group, and both sides training group. Muscle strength, muscle tone, balance, and gait were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer, the modified Ashworth scale, the Berg Balance scale (BBS), and wireless 3-axis accelerometer, before and after training. Results : All three groups showed a significant increase in muscle strength of the lower extremity after training, and there was a significant difference among the groups. There was no change in muscle tone in all three groups. BBS scores increased significantly in all three groups after training, but these scores were not significantly different. The gait speed increased significantly in all three groups after the training, but the difference was not significant. The cadence increased significantly in Group 2 after training; however, there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 3. There were no significant differences between the groups before and after the training. Step length increased significantly in Groups 2 and 3 after the training, but it was not significantly different in Group 1. After training, Groups 2 and 3 were significantly greater than Group 1 in the change in step length. Conclusion : The results show that resistance exercise using elastic bands can improve strength, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Especially, more affected side training was more effective in improving muscle strength than less affected side training. More affected side and both sides training are thought to be more effective than less affected side training to improve step length.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigated the physical properties of kraft pulps made from rice husk, peanut husk and garlic stems. These agricultural byproducts were collected individually, and then various pulps were manufactured from them by controlling active alkali, sulfidity, reaction time and the liquor ratio in the kraft pulping process in order to analyze the applicability of these agricultural byproducts as raw materials for kraft pulps. After kraft pulping, we measured yield, flake content, fiber length, fiber width and freeness of pulps, and the fiber shapes of the pulps were observed by using an optical microscope. When the higher active alkali, longer reaction time and lower liquor ratio were applied in kraft pulping process, reject content decreased and fiber yield increased. The pulp from garlic stems had the longest fiber length and that from rice husk showed the highest intial freeness. All of the pulps from agricultural byproducts showed higher initial freeness, shorter fiber length and the similar fiber width compared to OCC, BCTMP and hardwood BKP. The fibers of the pulps made from agricultural byproducts showed a similar shape to those of commercial pulps. It was concluded that these agricultural byproducts had a potential as raw materials to produce an alternative pulp to the commercial pulps.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) and surgical treatment (ST) on postural stability and leg stiffness during vertical-drop landing. Method: A total of 21 men participated in this study (normal [NOR]: 7, FAI: 7, ST: 7). We estimated dimensionless leg stiffness as the ratio of the peak vertical ground reaction force and the change in stance-phase leg length. Leg length was calculated as the distance from the center of the pelvis to the center of pressure under the foot. Furthermore, the analyzed variables included the loading rate and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI; medial-lateral [ML], anterior-posterior [AP], and vertical [V]) in the initial contact phase. Results: The dimensionless leg stiffness in the FAI group was higher than that of the NOR group and the ST group (p = .018). This result may be due to a smaller change in stance-phase leg length (p = .001). DPSI (ML, AP, and V) and loading rate did not show differences according to the types of ankle instability during drop landing (p > .05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the dimensionless leg stiffness was within the normal range in the ST group, whereas it was increased by the stiffness of the legs rather than the peak vertical force during vertical-drop landing in the FAI group. Identifying these potential differences may enable clinicians to assess ankle instability and design rehabilitation protocols specific for the impairment.