• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.28
• /
• pp.124-132
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical environments change on children. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of a newly designed elementary school environment to implement open education on elementary school students. The changed environment was improved in various aspects including architectural type, the number of space types, layout, shape of the building, and color planning. This study showed evidence of interaction between aspects of the physical environment and the actual behaviors of children. The impacts of change in physical environment, more specifically, on children was confirmed by the study. Therefore, this study can be used as a basis to insist why physical educational environment needs improvement, to insist importance of physical educational environment and to justify importance of physical environment in educational setting.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.27
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2001

This study focuses to enhance the general understanding on the new approach and to provide a clue for a new paradigm in man-made physical and residential environment of the 21st Century. Through case analysis, this study aims to examine the characteristics of digital culture itself and of its physical and residential environment and to ultimately forecast the changeability of physical and residential environment prompted by the new digital wave. Without having precedent study about digital culture related to environmental issues, this study aimed to analyze the effect of digital culture in the field of physical environment and residential environment, and to forecast the changability in those fields. On the other hand, this study also atoned to be applicable in construction of a new paradigm in designing physical & residential environment in the near future, so as to contribute to the development of a new environment which will eventually improve the quality of human life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2014

In general, teachers' perceptions on the physical environment of elementary school are related on the quality of education and school life. But, we don't have study what teachers think of their enviroment of school. This study analyzed elementary school teachers' satisfaction with overall physical environment and their assessment of spaces with specific functions in order to understand teachers' perception of the physical environment of elementary schools. A survey questionnaire was administered to 982 homeroom teachers working at 67 elementary schools located in Seoul and Busan. Teachers' satisfaction with physical environment of school and their assessment were analyzed comparatively according to the teachers' personal attributes and school conditions. 1) Most of the surveyed teachers were satisfied with overall physical environment of the school, and assessed high the substantiality of functional spaces indoor and outdoor. By sub-factor, however, their satisfaction with work environment was lower than that with education and living environment. 2) The teachers perceived that the optimal number of classes was 30~36, and this is probably because they were relatively accustomed to large scale schools. 3) As might be expected, negative assessments were more frequent among teachers working at a large-scale school, an old school, or a school with small outdoor spaces. The results of this study show that, though partially different according to region, gender, teaching experience and school condition, teachers' satisfaction with school environment was relatively high. This suggests that elementary school teachers perceive their current school environment positively. Because they are accustomed to traditional education methods that have been maintained.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to categorize Commercial area by identifying characteristics of blocks and coding them in order to segment use zoning in Commercial area. The study was conducted as follows. Data from building register, cadastral map, statistics annual report are utilized to identify the physical environment of the block. four types used as code under the physical environment classification code which are classification code of physical environment, detail usage, volume ratio, and height type are set, and combine the classification codes sorted by the four types of code. Through the physical environment classification codes, there are currently 37 different block characteristics of the Old downtown Commercial area. Diversity is not reflected. There are only Central commercial area of regulations in Old downtown commercial areas that are uniformly managed. For the renewal, management and development that can occur in the near future, it is necessary to segment of use district in the commercial area. Consider the current situation and future development direction for the management of sustainable commercial areas. Management is required using physical environment classification codes. It is meaningful that it can be maintained, managed and developed in accordance with the characteristics of each block.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2009

The study was conducted in 2007~2008 in order to understand preference of physical microhabitat on the $1^{st}$-class endangered species, Gobiobotia naktongensis inhabiting the Gam Stream, tributary of Nakdong River. The total number of fish caught from the study sites was 3,671 representing 7 families 24 species. There were 8 Korean endemic species including Odontobutis platycephala, and 2 introduced species (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides) were found. According to investigation and analysis of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis caught in the Gam Stream, a total of 57 individuals were found at shallow depth (0.14~0.46 m) and run (0.239~0.585m $sec^{-1}$). As a result of sieve analysis, stream beds consisted of about 1% gravel and 99% sand (83.4% coarse sand, 15.6% find sand). Therefore, Gobiobotia naktongensis seemed to inhabit shallow-run with coarse sand bed than deep-pool microhabitat. The findings indicate preference of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis, and it is important to enhance efficiency of fish conservation and ecological restoration with understanding species-specific characteristics in microhabitat including protected species.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2017

Physical computing is performed through interaction with the real world making it suitable for cultivating student abilities in computing knowledge and thought processes. Furthermore, if users can develop programs under block-coding environment, it will be more easy and more intuitive. However, the existing block coding environment has a problem that the physical devices must be continuously connected to the computer. Blockly is an open source library that adds a visual code editor linked with graphic blocks to demonstrate coding concepts through web and mobile apps. Using Blockly, we describe a development environment for physical computing on mobile platform, which combines physical computing with an established block-coding environment, and activates it through wireless communication.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.466-479
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine the level of physical activity and influencing factors in female college students. Method: Cross-sectional survey data including physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, social influences on physical activity, and perceived health status were collected from 213 subjects. Data from 204 subjects were analyzed. Results: The mean level of physical activity was 2,750.97 MET-min/week. Physical activity showed a positive association with exercise self-efficacy as well as social influences, and a negative association with age. Stepwise multiple regressions showed that physical activity among female college students was predicted by type of leisure activity, relative health status, social influences, and age. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a program for improvement of physical activity in female college students should include interesting and dynamic leisure activities and strategies for performing together with friends should be developed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the relationships between Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), contributing factors, and the occupational stress of physical therapists. Self-reported questionnaires were given to 180 physical therapists in Gangwon Province. Variables examined included the prevalence of pain sites related to WMSDs; pain intensity; pain pattern; and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Among physical therapists, work-related musculoskeletal pain commonly affected the low back (30.1%), shoulder (29.3%), and wrist (12.2%). The sites of work-related musculoskeletal pain treated medically were the low back (22.8%), shoulder (19.8%), neck (12.7%), and wrist (12.1%). "Repeating the same work constantly" was suggested to be the major cause of the pain. The younger therapists were significantly more likely to feel high job stress due to the physical environment (p<.05), job demand (p<.05), and organizational system (p<.01). Women were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job demand, insufficient job control, the organization system, and job rewards. Men were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job insecurity. Weak positive relationships were observed between work-related musculoskeletal pain and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Physical therapists appear to be at higher risk of WMSDs because 80.1% of the physical therapists studied experienced work-related musculoskeletal pain. To reduce the risk, we need intervention strategies such as preventive education, ergonomically designed medical equipment, a psychosocial approach to work conditions, improved mechanical conditions related to therapeutic patterns, and an institutional infrastructure with sufficient personnel and scheduling.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the role of the physical environment in task interruptions in the healthcare settings. Many dangerous events such as airplane crash and medical errors are the result of human errors and, these errors are often the result of interruptions during a critical task of professional workers. In fact, the physical environment that determines accessibility and visibility among people affects interruptions significantly, but architectural studies have given little attention to the management of interruptions. Methods: Therefore, the researcher reviewed research literature in other fields to find out how the physical environment affected interruptions. Many studies were from management, human factors, and health care, but few from architecture. First the author examined the impact of interruptions, second described the social context of interruptions and the role of the physical environment. Results: Findings included that description of the physical environment was not very clear in studies from management and human factors, while little work had been done on interruptions in architecture. The author proposed study design that compensated shortcomings of each field by combining approaches from management, human factors, and architecture. Implications: Unit design strategies such as distributed nurse stations can affect interruptions and layout analysis such as space syntax analysis can evaluate visibility and accessibility of floor plans in the preliminary design phase.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.9
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 1996

The relationship between users and physical elements of environmental gives a space special characteristics. The Environment Probabilitism by Altman shows that behavior and environment, both response, effect each other construct their characteristics. People can choose their response consciously or unconsciously during their walking , sitting, standing, talking in their environment. Designing a good place can lead people to the goal that they want and designer intend to get, A good place well designed as an positive place is organised with 3 points(1) User's behavior (2) physical elements in environment (3) meanings produced between behavior and physical elements. In this study the importance of physical elements are focused on. In the place where we can have permeability, variety , legibility, robutness, visual appropriateness, richness, personalisation physically , these characteristics will encourage people to have strong motivation and to choose the most active way . From this perspective the circulation of physically handicapped persons is analyzed into their behavioral environment and their behavioral response. The analysis shows the handicapped in our situation has no environmental right for a man itself ,even they have no street to walk safely. And their response to the environment was very negative. Basically the elements from exterior space to interior space should be guaranteed for everyday according to their behavioral characteristics include handicapped. From this study the result shows that the needs of a person should be considered and accepted as an important design problem for improvement our environment.