• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 1994

This study was conducted to know the quality of chou made with flour pastes which were stored at different conditions of quick freezing, slow freezing, cold and room temperature. Also, this study included investigation of the chou properties such as expansion, sensory evaluation, degree of gelatinization, and physical and structural properties of paste were observed. There were not significant differences m diameter, height, volume, appearance, hollow formation, and sensory evaluation between the chou made with the paste stored at freezing condition and chou directly baked after pasting. Quick and slow freezing storages did not significantly affect the properties of chou, and the same results were obtained among the chou made with pastes thawed at room temperature and in microwave ovenrange. The chou of pastes stored at room temperature and in microwave ovenrange. The chou of pastes stored at room temperature and stored in refrigerator showed lowed expansion and value of sensory evaluation than those of frozen pastes. The paste stored at room temperature had the lowest hardness and viscosity compared with the other storage conditions. According to the observation of light microscope. the lipid bodies of the paste of freezing storage smaller those of the room temperature and refrigerator storage. The expantion of chou made with paste stored at room temperature was greatly decreased due to the high coalescence of lipid bodies, and also the paste components such as lipid, starch granule gluten at room temperature had inferior dispersion condition. The general tendency of the degree of gelatinization of chou were low in all treatments of paste. The values were 23.5%~46.0% in freezing, 77.3% in room temperature, 68.7% in directly baked after pasting, and 61.0% in cold storage, respectively. The formation and the taste of chou made with frozen paste were similar to those of chou directly baked pasting.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.387-395
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• 2004

The effect of commercial Doenjangs (Korean soybean pastes) on sponge cake making was studied. When Doenjang was added to e99 foams at levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20%, there were no big differences in viscosity or stability of egg foams up to 15%, and thus in cake volume index, compared to those of control (without Doenjang). In the results of preference rank test, cake with 10% Doenjang was preferred to the other cakes. Therefore, it was decided that the addition of 10% Doenjang was suitable for sponge cake making. When seven commercial Doenjang products were used at 10%, there were differences in physical and sensory properties. The decreased viscosity of egg foams reduced their stability and so decreased the quality of the sponge cakes with low volume index and low texture scores. The use of Doenjangs improved the flavor of sponge cake and so countervailed the undesirable egg flavor. Especially, “C” Doenjang product, which increased the viscosity and stability of egg foams, produced good foaming ability and the highest physical and sensory quality, thus the higher overall acceptable scores than the control. It was probably due to its high amount of protein hydrolysate above 10-KDa. Consequently, the suitable amount of Doenjang was fixed at 10% and “C” Doenjang product was chosen as the best among the commercial products for sponge cake making.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of baguettes containing buckwheat flour. Physical properties of the bread flour mixed with buckwheat flour were tested by rapid visco analyzer(RVA), farinogram, and alveogram. Water activity of baguettes were measured and their properties were tested by rheometer. As the amount of buckwheat flour increased the peak viscosity and the holding strength were decreased, but the set back value was increased. Therefore, buckwheat flour prevented the gelatinization process. As the amount of buckwheat flour increased, the consistency and water absorption were increased, but development and stability were lower than the control. The bread flour containing high amount of buckwheat flour resulted in less breakdown and low farinogram quality number. As the amount of buckwheat flour was increased, Pmax, L, G, and W values were decreased on alveogram. The water activity and the springness of all samples were decreased during the storage, but the hardness was increased, especially after two days of storage. The sensory properties of baguette containing 10% buckwheat flour had the best scores.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.703-709
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• 2012

Using market-selling rice flour, four rice wet noodles were prepared with three hydrocolloids: wheat flour, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and potato starch at different levels based on pre-test, and the physical and sensory properties of the noodles were measured and compared. The rice noodle with hydrocolloids showed much higher peak and final viscosity than wheat flour noodle (control). Rice noodle also showed higher hardness, cohesiveness and springiness than control in textural properties, however, the noodle with the highest hydrocolloids (wheat flour 15%, HPMC 12.5%, potato starch 17,5%) showed lowest cohesiveness and springiness values among samples. By sensory evaluation, the rice noodle with 15% wheat flour, 8.5% HPMC, 17.5% potato starch showed the highest scores in appearance, taste, texture and acceptability. HPMC in noodles seemed to influence on the noodle quality than potato starch or wheat flour. For making rice noodle, adequate level of hydrocolloids could improve noodle quality such as viscoelasticity, however, excess addition made the noodle coarse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of pumpkin powder on the quality characteristics of hobakpyeon using physicochemical and sensory properties, as well as on its retrogradation rate during storage. As the amount of pumpkin powder increased, the following effects on the quality characteristics were observed: moisture and amylose contents decreased while protein content increased (p<0.05), and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) decreased (p<0.05). Levels of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch fractions increased, while the content of rapidly digestible starch decreased. The starch digestion index and rapidly available glucose content also decreased. Among the physical properties, the L-value decreased while the b-value increased (p<0.05). Texture profile analysis revealed that all textural properties except adhesiveness decreased, and presented significant differences in hardness and chewiness (p<0.05). Sensory properties such as color, flavor, and sweetness increased while others such as wetness and chewiness decreased (p<0.05). Effects on the physicochemical properties during refrigerated storage were also compared between the control and 9% hobakpyeon (9%HP). According to the results, moisture content gradually decreased in the 9%HP compared to the control. Amylose content significantly increased in 9%HP whereas no significant changes were observed in the control. In both types of hobakpyeon, IVSD decreased significantly, showing higher values in 9%HP, whereas mechanical hardness increased, showing lower values in 9%HP. The L-value decreased significantly in the 9%HP whereas no significant changes were observed in the control. In conclusion, the above results suggest that hobakpyeon with low IVSD may be obtained by the addition of 9% pumpkin powder, and also showed that pumpkin powder delayed the rate of retrogradation in 9%HP during storage.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.144-158
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• 2017

Fur garment has long been the conventional symbol for luxury, or conspicuous consumption. However, as fashion items began to diversify as part of overall fashion trend, fur items are now more about individual taste and style than just lavishness. Synthetic fur is especially emerging as a new promising fashion material, with a touch almost like natural fur at an affordable price. Along with the emergence of 'Vegan Fashion' trend, synthetic fur is establishing itself as a popular fashion textile. This study is an attempt to investigate subjective evaluation and physical properties of natural and synthetic furs, whose results will further serve as basic data in developing synthetic fur materials. Sensory and emotional evaluations are carried out on natural and artificial furs. For analysis, factors such as weight, thickness, air permeability, gloss and compressibility were surveyed to observe how they influence the physical properties. According to the subjective evaluation, natural and artificial fur samples do not differ in conspicuous ways in appearance. Experiments on physical properties, specifically warm/cool touch experiment, show that natural fur has a slightly higher warm sensation than artificial fur. Luster analysis by using a microscope revealed that there are subtle qualitative differences between natural and artificial fur. During the subjective evaluation, subjects found it hard to state distinct quantitative differences in luster. A survey as a means of assessing qualitative differences in gloss seems to be necessary to complement the evaluation. Results from this study will potentially serve as resources for diversification of fashion product designs using synthetic fur.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.948-953
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• 2009

Apple and apricot powders (APL-P and APR-P) were produced from apple and apricot fruits and they were used in cookie formulation at the levels of 10-40% (in flour bases). The APL-P and APR-P were rich in terms of total dietary fiber (TDF) and antioxidant power. The APR-P supplemented cookies had higher spread ratio and lower hardness values than the APL-P supplemented ones at all addition levels. The color values of the APR-P supplemented cookies were all acceptable. Overall sensory scores of the cookies supplemented with APL-P and APR-P were not significantly different from the control up to 20% addition. TDF contents of the supplemented cookies increased significantly with increasing addition level (p<0.01). The replacement of flour by APL-P and APR-P in wire-cut cookies showed that the physical characteristics and textural properties of the cookies were significantly affected (p<0.01) and APR-P appeared to be a more suitable replacer of flour than APL-P. Addition of both fruit powders upto 20% into the cookie formulation were evaluated as acceptable in terms of the sensory properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop Zingiber officinale Roscoe powder(ginger powder) sweet rice muffins. The process included substituting sweet rice flour for cake flour and adding ginger powder. The mixing conditions for the ginger powder sweet rice muffins were a control and three levels of ginger powder (A), whole egg (B), and soybean oil (C) using central composite design, and were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimization was analyzed with regard to physical, textural, and sensory properties. Among the sensory properties, variables that appeared to show significant values, such as appearance, flavor, softness and overall quality were used to identify optimums. The numerical and graphical methods used in this study determined that the optimum formulation for ginger powder sweet rice muffins was 8.39 g of ginger powder, 215.37 g of whole egg, and 54.40 g of soybean oil. Ginger increases appetite, enhances metabolism and reduces the speed of aging. These health advantages of ginger provide evidences that ginger powder sweet rice muffins are a good healthy snack, particularly for the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.929-939
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Gynura procumbens and milk in the preparation of beef patties. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design for estimating the response surface, demonstrating 10 experimental points including 2 replicates for Gynura procumbens and milk. The physical, mechanical and sensory properties of the test materials were measured, and a canonical form and perturbation plot were used to show the influence of each ingredient on the final product mixture. Results of the measurements showed significant increases or decreases in the following properties: dough moisture (p<0.05); beef patty a (p<0.001) and b (p<0.001); hardness (p<0.01), adhesiveness (p<0.05), chewiness (p<0.05), and gumminess (p<0.05). In addition, the sensory measurements showed significant improvements in color (p<0.001), flavor (p<0.05), greasy (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.05). The optimum formulation calculated from the numerical and graphical analysis was 1.75 g Gynura procumbens and 20.44 g of milk.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1997

This study aims to know what the physicochemical properties and physical properties of the Korean traditional rice cake injulmi made from persimmon powder and glutinous rice(powder), and to come up with a standard recipe of it with the premixed powder of persimmon and glutinous rice. Cooked rice powder with 9 different levels of persimmon in cooling dough(75, 100 and 150${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ power with each 20, 40, and 60%) was tested for rheological parameters, the rate of swelling, degree of gelatinization, sensory evaluation, and the observation of cross section used to electronmicroscope. 1. sensory evaluation conducted by 20 university students as panelists showed that mixed glutinous rice powder and persimmon powder lost their regular forms. increase in persimmon powder content increased a thin layer of starch granule, presumably due to sugar and fiber in the mixed persimmon powder granule. 3. In cooking the rice cake with 20~60% of persimmon, it showed 6.3 to 5.5 pH. 4. Quantitative description analysis conducted by 20 university student s panelists showed that sample that sample C was preferred among 9 samples. From these results, it was concluded that glutinous rice cake cooked with 20% of persimmon powder was quiet acceptable. Optimum cooking condition for the glutinous rice with persimmon powder rice cake was 30min of cooking time and 25$0^{\circ}C$ of cooking temperature with gas oven.