• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2004

Traumatic brain injury is an insult to the brain caused by an external physical force, that may product a diminished or altered state of consciousness, which results in impairment of cognitive abilities or physical function. The purposes of this study were to overview injury mechanism and neural plasticity of traumatic brain injury. Injury mecanism includes exitotoxicity, production free radical, inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore traumatic brain injury has protective mechanisms includes production of neural growth factor, heat shock protein, anti-inflammatory cytokines.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.522-531
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 다문화가정 어머니 개인변인과 가정환경자극이 유아의 언어능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 다문화가정 어머니 개인변인, 가정환경자극이 유아의 언어능력에 미치는 영향력에서는 먼저, 어머니 개인변인에서는 의사소통수단(주로한국어)과 유아 언어능력(수용언어, 표현언어)에서 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가정환경자극에서는 안정되고 예측할 수 있는 환경의 조직과 유아의 언어능력(수용언어, 표현언어)에서 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 언어능력이 어머니의 개인변인과 가정환경자극 중에서 상대적 영향력을 알아본 결과, 수용언어에서는 가정환경자극 하위변인 중에서 안정되고 예측할 수 있는 환경의 조직, 표현언어에서는 가정환경자극 하위변인 중에서 물리적 환경의 측면이 영향력이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistant gait training with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the walking and balancing abilities of chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twelve chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 6) that underwent treadmill gait training or an experimental group (n = 6) that underwent resistant gait training using PNF. The interventions were performed five times per week for four weeks. Gait variables were measured using a GAITRite system (CIR System Inc, Clifton, NJ, USA) to examine changes in walking ability; the Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to measure changes in balance; and the activity-specific balance confidence scale (ABC) was measured to examine changes in confidence about balance. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine intragroup differences before and after the interventions, and a Mann-Whitney U-test was used for intergroup comparisons of the effects of the interventions. All statistical significance levels were set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed significant intragroup improvement in walking speed, the number of steps per minute, stride length, double support time, balance, and confidence about balance after the interventions (p < 0.05). In intergroup comparisons after the interventions, the experimental group showed significant improvements over the control group in walking speed, the number of steps per minute, stride length, balance, and confidence about balance (p < 0.05). No significant difference in double support time was seen in the intergroup comparison after training (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study applied resistant gait training using PNF to chronic stroke patients, and the results showed significant improvements in the patients' walking and balancing abilities. Therefore, resistant gait training using PNF is thought to be applicable as an intervention method for chronic stroke patients.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.449-464
• /
• 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify essential requirements of the instrument cluster's features and layout for elderly drivers through interview and paper prototyping. Background: Recent updates implemented in passenger vehicles require more complex information to be processed by drivers. Concurrently, a large portion of the US population, the baby boomer generation has aged, causing their physical and cognitive abilities to deter. Thus it is crucial that new methods be implemented into vehicle design in order to accommodate for the deterioration of mental and physical abilities. Method: Forty elderly drivers and twenty young drivers participated in this study. The test included three sessions including: 1) location value assessment to identify the priority of areas within the instrument cluster; 2) component value assessment to capture rankings of the degree of importance and frequency of use for possible instrument cluster components; and 3) paper prototyping to collect self-designed cluster with selection of designs for each component and location of features from each participant. Results: Results revealed differences in the area priority of the instrument cluster as well as the shape and location of component features for age and gender groups. Conclusion: The study provided insights on instrument cluster layout guidelines by proving elderly driver's mental model and preferred cluster design configurations to improve driving safety. Application: LCD-based vehicle instrument cluster design, with an adaptable feature configuration for cluster components and layouts.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.165-181
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the Orff Approach to music education programs on singing ability, the ability to play musical instruments, physical expression ability, musical improvisation ability as well as overall musical expressiveness in 5 year old children. The test subjects for this study consisted of fifty-eight children. They were arbitrarily assigned to the experimental group of 31 children and the control group of 27 children. The experimental group was engaged using the Orff music education program for a total of 16 sessions, while the control group conducted music activities according to the annual music education plan of M kindergarten. The main results of this study were as follows : The Orff Approach to music education program was effective in improving abilities in the sub-factors of the four kinds of musical expression ability (singing, playing musical instruments, physical expression and musical improvisation) as well as overall musical expressive abilities. These results indicate that the Orff Approach to music education programs can create positive effects in the developing musical expressiveness of young children.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2018

Objective: The left and right sides of the brain has different roles. This study investigated the differences in cognitive driving ability between stroke survivors with damage to the left brain and right brain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the driving cognitive ability of left and right hemispheric drivers following stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The Stroke Drivers' Screening Assessment (SDSA) from the UK was translated to the Korean Stroke Drivers' Screening Assessment (K-SDSA) to meet the specific traffic environments of Korea. The SDSA is composed of 4 tasks :1) a dot cancellation task that measures concentration and visuospatial abilities necessary for driving, 2) a directional matrix task to measure spatio-temporal executive function required for driving, 3) a compass matrix task to measure accurate direction determination ability required for driving, and 4) recognition of traffic signs and reasoning ability to understanding traffic situation. The SDSA assessment time is about 30 minutes. The K-SDSA was used to compare the cognitive driving abilities between 15 stroke survivors with left and 15 stroke survivors with right brain damage. Results: There were significant differences between the persons with stroke patients with left brain lesions (right hemiplegia) compared to the persons with stroke with right brain lesions (left hemiplegia) (p<0.05). It was found that the cognitive driving ability of those with right brain damage was lower than that of the group of left brain damage. Conclusions: This research investigated the driving cognitive ability of persons with stroke. The therapists can use this information as basis for the driving test and training purposes. It could also be used as a basis to understanding if the cognitive ability of not only stroke survivors but also those with brain damage is adequate to actually drive.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 2016

소프트웨어교육의 도구로서 블록형 교육용 프로그래밍 언어(EPL)는 무료로 이용할 수 있고, 피지컬 컴퓨팅은 현실세계와 컴퓨팅 환경을 연결시켜줌으로써 실생활 문제 해결이라는 목표에 더욱 가깝게 다가갈 수 있도록 해주기 때문에, 특히 초등학교 단계에서 학생들이 직관적으로 이해하기 쉬우며 알고리즘적 사고를 향상시키기 때문에 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초등학생도 회로지식 없이 쉽게 접할 수 있고 가격적인 측면에서도 큰 부담이 가지 않는 엔트리와 센서보드를 활용한 EPL 및 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육과정을 제시하고, 초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 12차시의 EPL 교육과정과 8차시의 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육과정을 개발하고 적용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 EPL 교육과정을 적용한 집단과 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육과정을 추가로 적용한 집단 모두 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 유의미한 효과가 있었으며, 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육과정을 추가로 적용한 집단에서 컴퓨팅 사고력 요소의 자료표현, 수행 및 검증, 일반화에서 유의하게 더 큰 향상을 보였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical decision making (CDM) development process throughout the comparison between novice and expert physical therapist as well as develop a CDM model for physical therapists under the fee-for-service (FFS) and physicians' prescriptions. Methods: Purposive sampling techniques were used to select 10 clinical physical therapists paired into five groups (each pair consisted of 1 novice and 1 expert physical therapist). The coding schemes were extracted from interviews and through within- and across-case analyses, cases were summarized. The reliability of coding schemes was confirmed by checking of case summaries by the participants. Results: Novice and expert physical therapists were influenced by two themes, internalized theme and external forces or information. Novice clinicians depended more on external forces or information. Although clinicians should care patients under the FFS and physician's prescription, expert clinicians were more likely to rely on internalized knowledge. Conclusion: The findings of the present study may be used by educators or association officials enhance CDM abilities and knowledge pools of student or novices as well as develop a guide to suitable novices or students under the specific context limiting the development of their CDM.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.250-260
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of balance training using fully immersive VR devices on the balance and walking abilities of stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: This study involved 54 stroke patients divided into three groups: VRT(VR and traditional physical therapy), VR(VR only), and TPT(traditional physical therapy only). Interventions were administered twice daily for 30 minutes over eight weeks. Outcome measures included the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, 10-meter walk test, gait analysis, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Results: The VRT and VR groups showed significant effects on spatiotemporal variables and confidence compared to the TPT group (p<0.05). Specifically, the VR group demonstrated superior effects in TUG, 10MWT, velocity, stride length, single-leg support, and ABC compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Fully immersive VR balance training had a positive impact on balance, walking, and confidence in chronic stroke patients. Traditional physical therapy alone showed limited effectiveness, highlighting the potential of VR-based interventions in stroke rehabilitation. These findings underscore the importance of integrating VR technology into clinical practice to enhance outcomes for stroke survivors.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stroke patients' cognitive score on their the activities of daily living. The subjects of this study were 30 stroke patients who were admitted to T$\breve{a}$e-Bong hospital from November, 2002 to March, 2003. The subjects were administerd an MMSE as a cognitive assessment and an MBI as a functional assessment upon referral to physical therapy initially. The results were as follows: 1. The MMSE scores for the stroke patients were related to the patients' abilities to perform their activities of daily living. The changes of MBl scores significantly correlated with the changes of MMSE scores (p<.05). 2. The subjects with left hemispheric lesion scored higher in MMSE than those with right hemispheric lesions (p<.05). 3. The hemispheric lesions did not significantly affect the activities of daily living score (p>.05).