• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

네일락카와 헤어스프레이 같은 화장품에 존재하는 미량의 프탈레이트를 정량분석하기 위하여, 가스크로마토그래피와 질량분석기를 사용한 효과적이면서 환경친화적인 분석방법을 개발하였다. 이들 화장품들은 다량의 유기용매를 함유되어 프탈레이트를 분석하기 위하여 널리 사용되는 시료의 클린업 방법이 적합하지 않았다. 더군다나 미량의 프탈레이트 분석시에는 실험과정 중에서의 오염으로 인해 실제보다 높은 분석값을 산출하게 되는 경우가 매우 많다. 이에 정확한 함량분석 및 이차오염을 방지하기 위해 유기용매를 사용하여 시료를 직접 희석하는 시료 전처리를 적용하였다. 이 분석방법은 높은 정확성, 분석감도, 그리고 시료전처리를 간략히 할 수 있는 이점을 가진다. 화장품에서의 검출되는 빈도가 높고, 사람과 동물에 영향을 미치는 환경호르몬으로 보고되는 dibutyl phthalate (DBP)와 di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) 두 종의 프탈레이트를 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 정량시 그 정확도 향상을 위해서 내부표준물질로 두 물질의 중수소치환체인 DBP-$d_4$,와 DEHP-$d_4$를 사용하였다. 시험법의 유효화를 시행한 결과 본 시험법이 ppm 농도의 프탈레이트 정량분석에 적합함을 확인하였으며, 네일락카와 헤어스프레이 제품에 약 $25{\mu}g/g$의 농도로 표준물질을 첨가하여 분석한 회수율은 95 - 106.1 % 범위였고, % 상대표준편차 값은 3.9 % 이하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

Dialkylated phthalates have been commonly used as plasticizers and a variety of applications. Phthalate diesters have been shown to be developmental and reproductive toxicants. It is very difficult to exactly estimate the dose of dialkylated phthalates taken up by the general population because of environmental contamination. Urinary metabolites of phthalates enabled to estimate internal exposure. The objective of this study was quantitative determination of phthalate metabolites by LC/MS/MS with on-line cleanup method to analyze phthalate metabolites in Korean children's urine. We employed LC/MS/MS with on-line enrichment and column-switching techniques for this biological monitoring. Metabolites determined were 4 primary metabolites; MEHP, MnBP, MiBP, MEP and 2 secondary metabolites of DEHP; 5-OH-MEHP), 5-oxo-MEHP. We analyzed children's urine from 30 boys and 30 girls. The method detection limit of phthalate metabolites were 0.03 ng/mL for MEP, 1.05 ng/mL for MBP, 0.22 ng/mL for MEHP, 0.15 ng/mL for 5-OHMEHP and 0.16 ng/mL for 5-oxo-MEHP, respectively. Switching Column LC/MS/MS was proven to be a useful tool to determine metabolites of phthalate diesters in human urine. The correlation among phthalate metabolites was very high and statistically significant, except MEP. The children's age (months) was negatively correlated to the concentration of phthalate metabolites. The geometric mean concentration of phthalate metabolites (mg/g creatinine) in children's urine were 25.5 for MEP, 130.3 for MnBP, 56.8 for MiBP, 19.5 for MEHP, 85.6 for 5-OH-MEHP and 83.1 for 5-oxo-MEHP, respectively. Levels of estimated daily intake of parent phthalate compounds (${\mu}g$/kg bw/day) were 0.8 for DEP, 5.0 for DnBP, 1.9 for DiBP and $8.9{\sim}14.2$ for DEHP, respectively. Estimated daily intake for DEP and DiBP were lower than those of other studies but the value for DEHP was higher than that of other study.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2023

Background: Human exposure to phthalates in indoor environments occurs via dermal absorption, oral ingestion of indoor dust, and inhalation of indoor air. However, systematic studies to investigate the exposure rate to phthalates among the three exposure routes in indoor environments are currently limited. Objectives: A theoretical exposure ratio between inhalation and oral exposure was calculated based on the total amount of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) emitted into indoor air and deposited into floor dust in a test house. Methods: Flooring and wallpaper containing DEHP were installed in a test house and the concentration of DEHP in both indoor air and floor dust were monitored for five months. Based on the measured DEHP concentrations, the theoretical total amount ratio of DEHP that could be exposed through inhalation and oral ingestion was calculated. Results: Considering the period of operation in the test house, the theoretical total amount of DEHP through inhalation and oral ingestion exposures in the entire test house space was calculated to be 0.014 mg and 5.5 mg, respectively. The exposure ratio of the two routes between inhalation and oral exposure corresponding to the total DEHP amount in flooring and wallpaper was 6.0×10^-7% and 2.3×10^-4%, indicating that theoretical oral exposure to DEHP is approximately 380 times higher than inhalation. Conclusions: Monitoring results from a test house has shown that oral exposure is the main exposure route for DEHP in indoor environments. The experimental design employed in this study and theoretical exposure ratio obtained can be applied to investigate actual exposure to DEHP and to determine the exposure characteristics of various types of semi-volatile organic compounds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.815-818
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• 2005

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.274-275
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• 2004

본 연구결과로 부터, Phenols, Alihatic compounds, Aromatic compounds, Phthalates, Pesticides와 같은 유기오염물질로 인한 영산강 유역 방류수의 오염을 알 수 있었고, 하수 성상별, 계절별로 검출된 물질을 보면 농공 폐수가 생활하수보다 다종의 유기오염물질들을 포함하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 여름철에 다량의 농약 사용으로 인해 Pesticides가 다종 고농도로 검출되었으며, Phenols, Phthalates는 주변공장의 제조과정에서 발생된 유기물질들에 의한 오염으로 추측된다. 또한, 검출 화학물질 중에서 dieldrin, edosulfan, diethyl phthalates와 같은 환경호르몬성 물질이 포함되었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.169.1-169.1
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• 2000

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.382-391
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to assess the levels in typical central borough of phthalate exposure by monitoring children's facilities (19 kindergartens and 21 elementary schools) and households (17 old apartments and 22 new apartments) via sampling indoor floor dust. A vacuum cleaner specifically prepared for sampling dust was attached to a filter of a vacuum cleaner dust collecting container. During the sample preparation process, containers made of glass were used and analysis was performed using GC-MSD. The mean concentration of DEHP was $412{\mu}g/g$, DnBP was $24{\mu}g/g$, and BBzP was $10{\mu}g/g$ dust. The indoor characteristics including floor, wall materials, years after construction, water leakage history for the past three years, and ventilation were also examined to categorize phthalate esters from the dust samples. From the flooring and wallpaper materials of kindergartens and elementary schools, DEHP in the dust sample appeared at a statistically significant level (p<0.05) when PVC materials were present. DEHP in the indoor dust also increased significantly (p<0.01) during the construction period. The daily intake of DEHP measured from indoor dust was 0.08~$19.7{\mu}g/kg/day$ for children and 0.02~$1.1{\mu}g/kg/day$ for adults (women). The results clearly revealed that phthalate exposure is greater in children than in adults (women) due to the indoor dust.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2010

Phthalates, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) have been proved to be teratogenics and endocrine disruptors, metabolized rapidly and excreted in the urine. In this study, a simultaneous analytical method for 10 phthalate metabolites, MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MnOP, MiNP and MiDP, in human urines, based on switching system with on-line pretreatment column using HPLC-MS/MS has been developed. This method was validated according to the guideline of bioanalytical method validation of National Institute of Toxicological Research. Limits of detection range between 0.2 and 0.9 ng/ml for 10 phthalate metabolites. The calibration curves showed linearity in the range 0.997~0.999, and the results of the intra- and inter-day validations were in the range from 0.4 to 14.7% RSD and from 0.3 to 9.4% RSD, respectively. Recoveries of phthalate metabolites varied from 87.0 to 116.1%. This analytical method showed high accuracy and stable precision for all metabolites, and seems to be suitable for biomonitoring of phthalates in human urine.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2002

Phthalate analogues are a plasticizer and solvent used in industry. Phthalates were reported to be a potential carcinogen classified in the category of suspected endocrine disruptors. Most common human exposure to these compounds may occur with contaminated food. They may migrate into food from plastic wrap or may enter food from general environmental contamination. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of phthalates that possibly threaten the public health. Concern about their use has been mounting. To screen and elucidate the endocrine disrupting activity and their mechanism of phthalate analogues, first of all, E-screen assay was performed in MCF7 human breast cancer cells with seven phthalate analogues. In this cell proliferation assay, only dibutyl phthalate (DBP) showed weak estrogenic activity. Also the yeast-based transcription assay to assess the interactions of DBP with the estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors was conducted. DBP in the concentration ranges from 10$^{-16}$ to 10$^{-11}$ M was active in the estrogen transcriptional assay, but it did not show the effect on $\beta$-galactosidase activity in the progesterone and androgen transcriptional assays. These data indicate that DBP shows estrogenic potential and can be classified as weak and/or suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 프탈레이트 화합물 측정 시 시료채취 및 분석과정 증에서 야기될 수 있는 공시료의 오염여부를 평가하고 clean-up 절차와 같은 적절한 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 실험도구 및 시료채취 매체에 대한 공시료를 평가한 결과 많은 종류의 실험기구 및 장치에서 DBP와 DEHP가 잔존하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실험도구는 반드시 전처리하여 사용해야 하며, 이후 공시료 보정이 수반되어야 한다. 또한 본 연구에서 제시한 clean-up 방법을 통해 불순물이 많이 제거되었으며, GC/MS를 이용한 정성?정량분석에서 정도개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.