• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

The purpose of luminance measurement in lighting design of urban scale is to prevent light trespass and light pollution, caused by over-bright. Specially, the illumination of road, tunnel and sports complex as urban infrastructure is measured by international standard for illuminance and luminance. It has been used the spot luminance meter and the image photometer to define the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative in exterior lighting. This study introduced the concept of HDR Image, procedure of HDR Image creation and analysis. Applications of HDR Image, particularly within the apartment building exterior lighting design analysis, have been demonstrated. The procedure proposed in this study is a affordable method that is useful for the assessment of luminance distribution in the scene with electric light. It also provides a measurement capability with the high resolution luminance data within a large field of view efficiently and quickly, which is not possible to achieve with a luminance meter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.535-536
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• 2005

Organic photovoltaic effects were studied in a device structure of ITO/CuPc/Al and ITO/CuPc/$C_{60}$/BCP/Al. A thickness of CuPc layer was varied from 10 nm to 50 nm, we have obtained that the optimum CuPc layer thickness is around 40 nm from the analysis of the current density-voltage characteristics in CuPc single layer photovoltaic cell. From the thickness-dependent photovoltaic effects in CuPc/$C_{60}$ heterojunction devices, higher power conversion efficiency was obtained in ITO/20nm CuPc/40nm $C_{60}$/Al, which has a thickness ratio (CuPc:$C_{60}$) of 1:2 rather than 1:1 or 1:3. Light intensity on the device was measured by calibrated Si-photodiode and radiometer/photometer of International Light Inc(IL14004).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2020

Based upon the previous heritage in the complete development of the infrared imaging spectrometer, NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history) onboard NEXTSat-1, we are participating in the NASA MIDEX mission (PI Institute: Caltech), the all-sky infrared spectro-photometric surveyor SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer). The SPHEREx will provide us the first all-sky infrared spectro-photometric data set to probe the origin of our Universe, to explore the origin and evolution of galaxies, and to explore whether planets around other stars could harbor life. After the SPEHREx have passed the PDR (Preliminary Design Review) on this September, the fabrication of flight hardware will be started soon. As an international partner, KASI takes part in the hardware development, the operation and the science for the SPHEREx. Here, we report the status of the SPHEREx project and the progress in the Korean participation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.464-471
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• 2002

Author applied several engineering methodologies to classical ultrasonic nebulizer to cope with it's demerits. After several trials and errors, we got the several meaningful results. To evaluate the modified ultrasonic nebulizer for inhalation toxicology of cadmium, author used light-scattering photometer. This paper is the one part of inhalation exposure systems for inhalation toxicology study of cadmium. According to the testing conditions, source temperature 50℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 150℃, aerosol generation results for sodium chloride and cadmium chloride were as followings: Coefficients of variation(CV) of sodium chloride and cadmium chloride for repeated trials were 3.38 and 4.77 for 10g, 2.47 and 5.02 for 5g, and 4.70 and 2.98 for 2.5g. All the CVs were within 10% of acceptance variability. Count Per Minute(CPM) changes of NaCl and CdCl₂ for 5 repeated trials were similar. CPM ratios of CdCl₂/NaCl were 1.13 for 10g, 0.76 for 5g, and 1.06 for 2.5g. Relative aerosol generation of cadmium chloride to sodium chloride was the highest in 10g. Efficiency increases of 24.50% for 5g NaCl, 14.91 % for 2.5g NaCl, and 16.48% for 2.5g CdCl₂ with respect to theoretical efficiency were observed but 0.04% efficiency decrease was observed in 5g CdC₂. According to the modifications of source temperature(20, 50, 70℃) and inlet-duct band temperature(20, 50, 100, 150, 200℃), aerosol generation results for NaCl and CdCl₂ were as followings: CPM trends for each quantity excepting 10g NaCl in inlet-duct band temperature 200℃ were similar, and the highest CPM was observed in source temperature 70℃ to each inlet-duct band temperature. The highest CPMs to 10, 5, and 2.5g NaCl were observed in source temperature 70℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 20℃. Aerosol generation of cadmium chloride was increased with the higher source temperature, excepting inlet-duct band temperature 200℃. The highest CPMs for 10, 5, and 2.5g CdCl₂ were observed in source temperature 70℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 20℃, and this trend was similar to NaCl aerosol generation The highest CPMs for 10, 5, and 2.5g CdCl₂ were observed in source temperature 70℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 20℃, and this result was similar to NaCl aerosol generation. Observed efficiencies of 5 and 2.5g NaCl were similar to ifs theoretical efficiency but -3.08% efficiency decrease of 5g CdCl₂, 17.47% efficiency increase of 2.5g CdCl₂ were observed. CPM ratio of CdCl₂/NaCl of 10g was different to 5 and 2.5g, and 2.5g ratio was higher than 5g ratio. In conclusion, to get maximum aerosol generation for NaCl and CdCl₂ will be the conditions that set the appropriate inlet-duct band temperature for each materials and increase the source temperature. Sodium chloride can be used to evaluate the performance and predict the concentration for cadmium aerosol in aerosol generator and inhalation exposure system.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.497-504
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• 2013

This research uses numerical analysis to examine the tunnel portal landscape affecting the brightness level of interior lighting when designing lights for road tunnels through the L20 method. In order to extract the brightness recognition per form of a tunnel entrance and to evaluate the effects of the characteristics of the materials of facilities near a tunnel portal, brightness analysis was conducted by filming brightness on a video photometer called Hi-land Elf System, and a surface brightness photometer called LMK Mobile Advanced. Tunnels in Korea are mostly distributed in mountain areas; thus, the ratio occupied by the sky, which has the highest brightness within the angle of L20, is close to zero, while most of the ratio was occupied by brightness by the area near the tunnel entrance or road surface. However, for a tunnel portal retaing wall, which allows the width of a tunnel entrance to seem wider within the L20 angle, appeared to be have higher brightness compared to nearby areas or the surface, which is an element increasing the tunnel portal brightness within the tunnel, and the road facilities near the tunnel portal appeared to have an effect on the brightness as well. Thus, when designing tunnel lights based on brightness, the form of the tunnel entrance and the area width, material, and color of areas near the tunnel portal appeared to affect outside brightness and become an element affecting the establishment of the brightness level of the interior lights of tunnels. Consequently, reviewing such matters is a prerequisite when designing tunnel portal landscape.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

This study investigated the structural coloration and fabric hand of the caustic reduced fabrics for emotional garment using structural color yarns, which was spun by 37 alternating nylon and polyester layers capable of producing basic colors using biomimetic technology. The colorations of the three kinds of structural color yarns were confirmed using multi angle spectro-photometer, and their triangular cross sections composed with 37 alternating nylon and polyester layers were measured using SEM and were discussed with layer length in relation with coloration and spinning conditions were also set up. The apparent color difference and reflectance of the three kinds of fabrics with different density and weave pattern were analysed as ranging from 400nm to 700nm. The optimum fabric structural design which is made by warp and weft densities(194ends/in ${\times}$ 105picks/in) and caustic reduction condition by $100^{\circ}C$ temperature and 60minutes with NaOH, 20g/l solution were decided through analysis of the mechanical properties and fabric hands of these three kinds of fabrics treated with 3 kinds of the caustic reduction conditions. And it was shown that the rate of caustic reduction was increased from 13% to 23% with increasing temperature and time of caustic reduction. The extensibility, bending rigidity and shear modulus of caustic reduction treated fabrics were decreased by treatment of caustic reduction, on the other hand fabric compressibility was increased. And it was shown that the hand value of specimen number one which was treated with temperature $100^{\circ}C$ and time 60minute was the best and the hand of this fabric was better than that of Morpho $fabric^{(R)}$ made by Teijin co. Japan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2000

MgO thin films were deposited using $Mg(tmhd)_2$ as a precursor dissolved in a solvent by electrostatic spray pyrolysis. When a pure tetra hydro furan was used as a solvent, a large number of particles appeared on the MgO thin film surface due to homogeneous nucleation. However, by adding 1-butyl alcohol or 1-octyl alcohol to THF, homogeneous nucleation was restricted and the number density of the large particles was also drastically reduced. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the MgO films had a (100) preferred orientation regardless of the type of solvents used. Characterization using Fourier Transformed-Infrared and spectroscopic photometer revealed that the crystallized MgO thin films on the glass substrate had a high optical transmittance (> 85 %) in the visible range. Discharge characteristics of MgO thin films deposited by ESP method on an alternating-current plasma display panel were compared with a MgO thin film prepared by reactive radio-frequency planar magnetron sputtering.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.378-380
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• 2005

Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol using MODIS satellite data has been proven to be very useful in global/regional scale aerosol monitoring. Due to their large spatial resolution of $10km^2$ MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data have limitations for local/urban scale aerosol monitoring applications. Modified Bremen Aerosol Retrieval (BAER) algorithm developed by von Hoyningen-Huene et al. (2003) and Lee et al. (2005) has been applied in this study to retrieve AOT in fe resolutions of $500m^2$ over Korea. Look up tables (LUTs) were constructed from the aerosol properties based on sun-photometer observation and radiation transfer model calculations. It was found that relative error between the satellite products and the ground observations was within about $15\%$. Resulting AOT products were correlated with surface PMIO concentration data. There was good correlation between MODIS AOT and surface PM concentration under certain atmospheric conditions, which supports the feasibility of using the high-resolution MODIS AOT for local and urban scale air quality monitoring

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1986

In the particular area the heavy metal concentrations in the soil were determined and compared to the contents in vegetables which were grown on the soil. Simultaneously the degree of contamination was examined. Samples were collected from Chinese cabbage, radish and Altari-mu, together with the soil on which the three kinds of vegetables have grown. The sites of samples collection were Jinguan-sa(non-polluted area) and Sangaedong(polluted area). The contents of cadimium, copper, lead and zinc were determined by means of atomic absorption spectro-photometer. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In soils, the average contents of heavy metal in Jinguan-sa area (Cd; 0.15ppm, Cu; 0.15ppm, Zn; 11.5ppm) were lower than those in sangye-dong(Cd; 0.26ppm, Cu; 13.0ppm, Zn; 17.1ppm). 2. In vegetables, the average have metal contents in Jinguan-sa were cadmium; 0.11ppm, copper; 5.29ppm, zinc; 18.75ppm and the average contents in Sangye-dong were cadmium; 0.16ppm, copper; 6.64ppm, lead; 0.14ppm, zinc; 15.01ppm. 3. The contents of lead showed zero ppm in Jinguan-sa area(soil and vegetables). In vegetables difference in concentration of heavy metals was not observed between reclaimed area and non reclaimed area. Statistical analysis showed that no correlation in the heavy metal concentrations between those in soils and in vegetables.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.549-554
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• 2009

Al thin films were synthesized on TiN/Si substrate by MOCVD using N-methylpyrrolidine alane (MPA) precursor. Effects of substrate temperature, reaction pressure on the deposition rate, surface roughness and electrical resistivity were investigated. The early stage of Al thin film formation was analyzed by in-situ surface reflectivity measurement with a laser and photometer apparatus. From the Arrhenius plot of deposition rate vs. substrate temperature, it was found that the activation energy of surface reaction was 91.1kJ/mole, and the transition temperature from surface-reaction-limited region to mass-transfer-limited region was about $150^{\circ}C$. The growth rate increased with the reaction pressure, and average growth rates of $200{\sim}1,200nm/min$ were observed at various experimental conditions. Surface roughness of the film increased with the film thickness. The electrical resistivity of Al film was about $4{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ in the case of optimum condition, and it was close to the value of the bulk Al, $2.7{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$.