• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Cotinine, one of nicotine metabolites, has been blown to reduce 4-(methylnitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)- induced $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts significantly in A/J mice when administered together with NNK. In order to examine the effects of phyto-extract mixture on the conversion of cotinine from nicotine, cellular and clinical experiments were carried out. When the phyto-extract mixture was added to culture media, human liver cells (FLCFR5) produced cotinine from nicotine 2~3 times compared to the control. The phyto-extract mixture which was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte along with nicotine showed the almost similar production of cotinine compared with the results of hepatic cell culture. In clinical test employing 17 to 20 healthy men, concentrations of urinary cotinine derived from smoking after taking photo-extract mixture increased up to 2 times compared to the control group. These results indicatethat the phyto-extract mixture can increase the metabolic efficiency of nicotine to cotinine, leading to the reduced formation of $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.695-699
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• 2009

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. This study was carried out to develop health & functional food by using Korean red ginsneg and Fagopyrum esculentum extract mixture (RGFE) for prevention of skin wrinkles. The RGFE-treated group showed the more effective collagenase inhibition rate than the red ginseng (RG)-treated group. To investigate photo protective effects of RGFE on UV-induced damaged skin, SKH hairless male mice were orally administerd RGFE and regional treatment and irradiated with UV for up to 8 weeks. In RGFE-treated group, better skin, and less wrinkle formation were observed compared with UV group. Epidermal thickness of hairless mouse was significantly decreased in RGFE, RG, and Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) groups compared with UV group. These results demonstrate RGFE have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.989-996
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• 2005

Ultraviolet (UV) induces photo aging, erythema, sunburn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, and skin tumor, To investigate photo-protective effects of AmorePacific Beauty-03 (APB-03; mixture of red ginseng extract powder and soybean extract powder) on UV-induced damaged skins, 40 SKH hairless female mice were orally administered APB-03 or saline five times a week and irradiated with UV three times per week far up to 12 weeks. Visible skin changes and skin damage in dermis and epidermis by replica image analysis and histological analysis. In APB-03-treated group, better skin, negative replica appearance and less wrinkle formation were observed compared to the UV control group. These results demonstrate oral administration of APB-03 have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

Ultraviolet rays (UV) cause photoaging by inducing skin photodamages such as erythema and sunburn. Silymarin is a mixture of antioxidant polyphenols extracted from Silybum marianum fruit (S. m), which is known as milk thistle. It is known to protect skin tissues from UV treatment and antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the photoprotective effects of S. m extract, which has silymarin in the epidermis layer of the skin. We found that the extract can function as a UV filter, so it can reduce DNA damage by UV treatment. Especially, we found that, in the stratum corneum, the extract can suppress the protein carbonylarion and DNA damages caused by suberythemal dose of UV treatment which does not induce erythema in the skin. UV treatment also increased protein carbonylation levels in the stratum corneum by oxidation, but it was prevented by applying the extract. The extract can absorb UV with minimal phototoxicity. Together, our study suggests that S. m extract can be used as a photo-protective ingredient to avoid photoaging of the skin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1995

The effects of allelochemicals from medicinal plants have been studied as photo-synthetic inhibitor for photoautotrophic(PA) cultured cells. The extracts from 9 plant species were used for measuring the physiological effects on the liverwort cultured cell in following areas; germination inhibition, chlorophyll contents, hill activity, cell viability, photosynthetic oxygen evolution,and protein pattern changes on SDS PAGE. Germination inhibitions were detected in all plant after treating with 10% extract. Especially, treatment with 10% extract from Pulsatilla koreana and Aconitum carmichael inhibited germinations completely. Chlorophyll fornation was inhibited completely by treating PA cells with extract of Pulsatilla koreana, whose effect was similar to that of DCMU 10-3M, inhibitor for photosynthetic electron trans-fer. The treatment with extract from Pulsatilla koreana on PA cell showed the highest hill activity and the lowest cell viability among extracts studied. Oxygen releasing has been decreased down to 14-77% after treating with extracts from Pinellia ternata, Araliacont inentaila, Pulsatilla koreana and Vitex rotundifolia. Especially, 60$\mu$l of Pulsatilla koreana extract into 2ml mixture of PA cell inhibit-ed oxygen release up to 50%. Protein bands on SDS-PAGE, 14kD, 31kD, 41kD, 53kD, and 73kD, were not detected after treating Pulsatilla koreana extract on PA cells.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2019

To evaluate the protective effect of collagen peptide-coated coffee extract on skin aging, cell viability was measured with a MTT assay using cultured CCD-986sk fibroblasts, and its effect on wrinkles in the skin of hairless mice induced by UVB-irradiation was examined. In addition, its effect on procollagen synthesis and anti-oxidative, and its inhibitory activity against collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and MMP-1 were analysed. After the 30-minute topical treatment, the animals were exposed to UVB irradiation (60-100 mJ/cm²) for 4 weeks and its intensity increased during the period. Under the experimental conditions set in this study, the skin thickness of hairless mice significantly decreased (11.8-21.3%) compared to the control group. Based on these results, the prolonged oral intake of a collagen peptide mixture with coffee is expected to significantly increase the synthesis of procollagen in dermal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to the alleviation of wrinkling and lowered elasticity due to structural damage to the dermal layer caused by UV. The oral intake of collagen-coated coffee contributes to increasing collagen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner and alleviates the symptoms of thickened keratin caused by UV irradiation. However, it did not inhibit the enzymes involved in skin aging, whitening, wrinkle improvement, and antioxidation. Based on the these results, it can be concluded that the intake of collagen peptide-coated coffee extract can be utilized as an alternative material for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with photoaging.