• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.300-309
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• 1977

The information related to the heavy metal pollution in the environment was obtained from studies on the effects of pH, phosphate and soil properties on the adsorption of metal ions (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) by soils. Three soil materials; soil 1 with low CEC (8.2 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (0.34%); soil 2 with high CEC (36.4 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (1.8%) and soil 3 with high CEC (49.9 me/100g) and high organic carbon content (14.7%) were used. Soils were adjusted to several pH's and equilibrated with metal ion mixtures of 4 different concentrations, each having equal equivalents of each metal ion (0.63, 1.88, 3.12 and 4.38 micromoles per one gram soil with and without 10 micromoles of phosphate per one gram soil). Reported here are the results of the equilibrium study on soil I. The rest of the results on soil 2 and soil 3 will be repoted subsequeutly. Generally higher metal ion concentration solution resulted in higher final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution and phosphate had minimal effect except it tended to enhance removal of cadmium and zinc from equilibrated solutions while it tended to decrease the removal of copper and nickel. In soil 1, percentages of added metal ions removed at pH 5.10 were; Cu 97, Ni 69, Cd 63, and Zn 55, while increasing pH to 6.40, they were increased to Cu 90.9, Zn 99, Ni 96, and Cd 92 per As initial metal ion concentration increased, final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution showed a relationship with pH of the system as they fit to the equation $p[M^{++}]=a$ pH+b where $p[M^{++}]=-log$[metal ion concentration in Mol/liter]. The magnitude of pH and soil effects were reflected in slope (a) of the equation, and were different among metal ions and soils. Slopes (a) for metal ions in the aqueous system are all 2. In soil 1 they were; Zn 1.23, Cu 0.99, Ni 0.69 and Cd 0.59 at highest concentration. The adsorption of Cd, Ni, and Zn in soil 1 could be represented by the Iangmuir isotherm. However, construction of the Iangmuir isotherm required the correction for pH differences.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 제강슬래그와 활성탄의 수중의 인 제거 효율을 비교하였다. 제강슬래그는 0.5~2.0 g/200 mL, 활성탄은 3.0~6.0 g/200 mL를 주입하여 흡착실험을 진행하였다. 제강슬래그의 양에 따른 제거 효율은 60분의 실험 결과 47~99%, 활성탄은 240분의 실험 결과 81~98%를 보였다. 흡착등온식을 적용하였을 때 Langmuir식에 더 적합하였으며 제강슬래그와 활성탄의 흡착능력을 비교하였을 때, 이론적 최대흡착량($Q_0$)은 제강슬래그에서 91 mg/g, 활성탄에서 27 mg/g으로 나타났다. 또한 반응속도는 유사 2차식을 따르며 속도상수($k_2$)는 제강슬래그에서 0.023~0.136 g/mg.min, 활성탄에서 0.025~0.122 g/mg.min으로 나타났고, 평형에서의 흡착량($q_e$)은 제강슬래그가 10.8~18.4 mg/g, 활성탄은 3.30~5.49 mg/g로 나타났다. pH의 경우 초기 pH 2에서 제강슬래그와 활성탄 모두 가장 높은 인 제거효율을 나타내었다. 따라서 폐수 내 인 제거 면에서 제강슬래그가 활성탄에 비해 우수하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2008

In order to investigate the effects of intertidal sediments on the nutrient cycle in coastal environments, the benthic fluxes of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate at two stations on the intertidal flat of Keunso Bay were determined during each season. The efflux of ammonium was observed at S1 and resulted from the diffusion of remineralized ammonium and acceleration caused by the bioirrigation of macrofauna. The influx of ammonium at S2 was probably due to nitrification in the water column. The influx of nitrate was observed at both stations during all seasons, indicating that the nitrate in the pore water was removed by denitrification. Vigorous bioirrigation led to the efflux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) at S1, whereas the influx of DIN at S2 was predominantly caused by denitrification. Contrary to the diffusive and bio-irrigated release of remineralized phosphate from the sediment at S1, the influx of phosphate was observed at S2, which may be attributable to adsorption onto iron oxides in the aerobic sediment layer. Silicate, which is produced by the dissolution of siliceous material, was mostly released from the sediment by molecular diffusion and bioirrigation. However, the influx of silicate was observed at S2 during spring and winter, which was ascribed to adsorption by particulate matter or assimilation by benthic microphytes. The annual fluxes of DIN were 328 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S1 and -435 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S2. The annual fluxes of phosphate were negative at both sites (-2.8 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S1 and -28.9 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S2), whereas the annual fluxes of silicate were positive at both sites (843 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S1 and 243 mmol $m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ at S2).

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

The physical treatment such as chemical precipitation or adsorption was usually added after biological treatment in wastewater treatment process since it was enforced to reduce the concentration of phosphate for wastewater effluent to 0.2 mg/L as P which was well known as one of main nutrient causing eutrophication in waterbody. Therefore, the new material functioned for both adsorption and disinfection was prepared with Fe and Cu, and $TiO_2$, respectively, by changing the ratio of concentration referred to tri-metal (TM). According to SEM-EDS, $TiO_2$ was 30~40% composition for any TM regardless of any synthesis condition. However, the ratio of composition for Fe and Cu was dependent on the initial Fe and Cu concentration, respectively. The removal efficiency of phosphate was obtained to 15% at low initial concentration and the maximum uptake (Q) was calculated to ~11 mg/g through Langmuir isotherm model using TM1 which was synthesized at 1000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, and 2 g (10 g/L) for $Fe(NO_3)_3$, $Cu(NO_3)_2$, $TiO_2$, respectively. In disinfection test, the efficiency of virus removal using TM was increased with increase of dosage of TM and can be reached 98% at 0.2 g.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

본 연구는 호소나 댐과 같은 닫힌 수계에서 부영양화의 주요물질인 인을 제거하기 위한 란타늄-황토 복합체 개발에 관한 것이다. 연구 결과 황토 1 g에 붙을 수 있는 최적 란타늄 양은 2.68 mg이었으며, 인 제거를 위한 최적 반응시간은 황토에 부착된 란타늄 양이 증가할수록 최적 반응시간은 단축되었다. 수중의 인 농도는 제조된 란타늄-황토 복합체의 주입량이 증가함에 따라 인 제거율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서 란타늄이 부착되지 않은 황토와 란타늄이 첨가된 복합체를 사용한 경우에서 인 제거 경향이 달랐다. 수중의 인을 완벽하게 제거하기 위해 소요되는 황토 및 란타늄-황토량은 후자가 전자보다 약 1.5~10배 적게 소요되었다. 란타늄-황토 복합체의 인 흡착 경향은 Freundlich 및 Langmuir 등온흡착식과 일치하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 수중의 인 제거시 제조된 복합체의 pH에 대한 영향은 넓은 pH범위(pH 5~8)에서 높은 제거율을 보임으로써 자연수계에 직접 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 제조된 복합체 살포시 침전시간은 30분 이내로 짧았다. 침전되는 동안 수중의 인을 흡착하면서 침전되며, 인 농도를 안정적으로 유지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

Statement of problem. Fibronectin mediates its biological effects by binding to integrins on cell membranes through a consensus site including the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence within tenth type III module. Purpose. The purpose of our study was to investigate the adsorption affinity of human recombinant fibronectin peptide (hFNIII 9-10) to titanium and to investigate the effect of the surrounding ionic composition on the adsorption process. Material and methods. As for evaluating the affinity of hFNIII 9-10 to Ti, titanium disks were incubated in 40, 80 and $120{\mu}g/ml$ hFNIII 9-10 solution at $37^{\circ}C$ overnight, repectively. As for evaluating the effect of surrounding ionic concentration, hFNIII 9-10 was dissolved in distilled water, phosphate buffered saline and RPMI 1640. Optical density (O.D.) was measured in ELISA reader. Results. The results were as follows; 1. The adsorption of hFNIII 9-10 showed significantly highest mean optical density (O.D.) value in $80{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The difference of ionic composition in DW, PBS and RPMI did not influence the adsorption amount of hFNIII 9-10.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

Constructed wetland has been widely used for the treatment of sewage, stormwater runoff, industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, acid mine drainage and landfill leachate. For the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, uptake by plants and adsorption to media material are the major processes, and, therefore, the selection of media with specific adsorption capacity is the critical factor for the optimal design of wetland along with the selection of appropriate plant species. In this study, two media materials (loess bead and mixed media) possessing different adsorption characteristics for ammonium and phosphate were selected, and their adsorption characteristics were evaluated. In addition, the performance of subsurface-flow wetland systems employing these media was evaluated in both batch and continuous flow systems. With LB medium, beter phosphorus removal was observed, while better ammonia removal was obtained with MM medium. In addition, enhanced removal efficiencies were observed in the wetland systems employing both media and aquatic plants, mainly due to the better environment for microbial growth. As a result, appropriate selection or combination of media with respect to the inflow water quality maybe important factors for the successful design and operation of wetland systems.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate the adsorption potential of red mud for fluoride removal. Different operation parameters such as the effect of contact time, initial concentration, pH, competing anions, seawater, adsorbent dose amount, and adsorbent mixture were studied. Nearly 3 hr was required to reach sorption equilibrium. Equilibrium sorption data were described well by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity of red mud was 5.28 mg/g. The fluoride adsorption at pH 3 was higher than in the pH range 5-9. The presence of anions such as sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and bicarbonate had no significant effect on fluoride adsorption onto red mud. The fluoride removal by red mud was greater in seawater than deionized water, resulting from the presence of calcium and magnesium ion in seawater. The use of red mud alone was more effective for the removal of fluoride than mixing red mud with other industrial waste such as oyster shells, lime stone, and steel slag. This study showed that red mud has a potential application in the remediation of fluoride contaminated soil and groundwater.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2015

High salinity and sodicity of soils play a negative role in producing crops in reclaimed tidal lands. To evaluate the effects of soil ameliorants on salt removal in a highly saline and sodic soil of reclaimed tidal land, we conducted a column experiment with treating gypsum, compost, and phosphate at 0-2 cm depth and measured the salt concentration of leachate and soil. Electrical conductivity of leachate was $45-48dSm^{-1}$ at 1 pore volume (PV) of water and decreased to less than $3dSm^{-1}$ at 3 PV of water. Gypsum significantly decreased SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) of leachate below 3 at 3 PV of water and soil ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) below 3% for the whole profile of soil column. Compost significantly decreased ESP of soil at 0-5 cm depth to 5% compared with the control (20%). However, compost affected little the composition of cations below a depth of 5 cm and in leachate compared with control treatment. It was concluded that gypsum was effective in ameliorating reclaimed tidal lands at and below a soil layer receiving gypsum while compost worked only at a soil layer where compost was treated.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 1976

시험전 토양으로서 인산흡착실험을 행하고 Langmuir최대흡착량을 구하여 이의 5, 10, 20, 30%에 상당하는 인산을 야산신개간지에 전면 시비 혹은 구시비하고 대두를 재배하여 인산의 시용량 및 시용 방법과 대두 수량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 전면시비의 경우 대두의 수량은 최대시용량인 30%구까지 인산의 시용량과 더불어 증가하였다. 그러나 구시비구의 수량은 동량의 전면시비구보다 항상 높았으나 20%구에서 최대수량을 나타내었으며, 30%구에서는 다시 감소하였다. 구시비 5% 구의 수량은 전면시비 20%구의 수량과 비슷하고 구시비 10%의 수량은 전면시비 30%의 수량보다 17%나 높았다. 퇴구비를 1,000kg/10a 시용한 구시비 10%구의 수량은 퇴구비없이 인산만 시용한 구시비 10%구의 수량보다 14.6%가 높았으며 구시비 20%구의 수량과 대등하였다.