• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1990

Sustained release microspheres containing phenylpropanolamine HCI (PPA) were prepared with acrylic polymer (Eudragit RL/RS) sand hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) using a emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Magnesium strate was used a smoothing agent for preparation of microspheres. The microspheres obtained were very spherical and free-flowing particles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microspheres have a smooth surface and a sponage-like internal structure. The dissolution rate of PPA from the microspheres was dependent on the pH of dissolution media. PPA showed faster relase in hP 1. 2 solution than in pH 7.4 solution due to the solubility of PPA. Therefore we prepared new microspheres containing 5% (w/v) HPMCP in order to control the release of PPA. The release rate of PPA from these new microspheres was similar in pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 solution.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.411-413
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• 2001

A 14-year-old, spayed female Labrador Retriever breed dog with housesoiling problem was presented to the Animal Behavior Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University. Housesoiling problem was diagnosed as geriatric incontinence based on the questionnaire and interview on the dog. Pharmacological treatment was recommended. Phenylpropanolamine was prescribed at a dosage of 1.19 mg/kg PO q48h for 3 weeks. Housesoiling problem caused by geriatric incontinence disappeared after the treatment.

• 한국산업간호협회지
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• 제11권3호통권40호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2004

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 1999

This study was prepared to develop the sustained release dosage form of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) by complexation with cation exchange resin(CER). The PPA-CER complex was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) thennogram, indicating a relative shift of an endometric peak of PPA to higher temperature. The loading efficiency was increased as the amount of PPA was increased as well as the time of fractional exchange was advanced as the temperatures were increased. Loading efficiency, fractional exchange, reaction rate constant and activation energy were highly dependent on the temperature and drug : resin ratio. The optimal ratio of PPA and resin was estimated to be 10: 10 for the sustained release.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

Phenypropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathetic amine used in over-the-counter cold remedies and weight-control preparations. The side effects are hypertension, dysrhythmias, stroke, etc. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to remove PPA from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containg PPA due to high risk of hemorrhage stroke. But, in Korea now, patinets take products containg PPA with over the counter. We report here the case of PPA induced myocardial injury in a young woman who takes overdose for suicide.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1988

A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten kinds of active ingredients formulated in commercial cough-cold mixtures. A group of Pseudoephedrine HCl, dl-Methylephedrine HCl, Noscapine, Chlorophenylamine maleate, Dextromethorphan HBr and Phenylpropanolamine HCl were determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-1, 4dioxane-tetrahydrofuran-water(12 : 20 : 20 : 5 : 43, pH4.7) containing 0.013M-dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The another group of Acetoaminophen, Caffeine, Guaifenesin and Ethenzamide were also determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column as the stationary phase, and a mixture of methanol-1% aqueous acetic acid (3 : 7). The results indicate that these methods are accurate and precise with relative standard deviation of not more than 1% (n=5) for the above active ingredients.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1997

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.412-423
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• 2008

액체크로마토그래피/텐덤질량분석법을 이용하여 말 소변에서 55 가지 염기성 약물을 동시 분석하는 고체상 추출법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 종류의 약물인 베타-차단제, 베타-길항제, 항저혈압제, 중추신경흥분제, 진정제, 정신 안정제, 항우울제, 항고혈압제 등을 분석하였다. 각 성분의 분리와 정량은 LC-MS/MS의 positive ion electrospray ionization (+ESI)과 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)으로 수행하였다. 시판되고 있는 4 가지 SPE 상품(UCT XTRACT$^{(R)}$ XRDAH, Supelco DSC-MCAX$^{(R)}$, Varian Bond Elut Certify$^{(R)}$, Waters Oasis$^{(R)}$ MCX)의 혼합형 양이온 교환 흡착제를 비교하였고 최적의 추출 조건을 확립하였다. 그 결과, UCT XTRACT$^{(R)}$ XRDAH의 흡착제에서 분석 대상약물의 상대 회수율이 terbutaline (41.3%), salbutamol (71.5%), heptaminol (70.7%), phenylpropanolamine (66.3%)을 제외하고 80% 이상의 좋은 결과를 나타내었고, 직선성은 0.9804~0.9999를 갖는 55 개의 검정곡선을 얻을 수 있었으며, 검출한계는 0.2~8.3 ng/mL임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

The unstirred water layer (UWL), which has been known to exist in the boundary of the intestinal lumen and intestinal wall, often behaves as an absorption barrier especially for lipophilic drugs. The intestinal absorption of drugs is often characterized using Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on Transwell polycarbonate membranes. The permeability $(P_{app})$ of drugs across the cell monolayer might be influenced by the agitation of the donor compartment, since the width of UWL on the surface of the cell monolayer would be reduced by the agitation. In this study, the effect of agitation of the donor compartment with 60 rpm on the permeability was measured for 12 drugs with a wide range of lipophilicity and permeability. The $P_{app}$ of mannitol, tributylmethyl ammonium, cimetidine, ranitidine, hydrocortisone, benzylpenicillin and loxoprofen was not influenced by the agitation, while the $P_{app}$ of theophylline, propranolol, YH439, phenylpropanolamine and testosterone was increased by the agitation. There was a significant correlation between the increase of $P_{app}$ by agitation and the lipophilicity for the compounds having $P_{app}>2{\times}10^{-5}$ cm/sec. No correlation was observed for the difference in $P_{app}$ by agitation and the molecular weight, or lipophilicity of the drugs. Therefore, the agitation rate of the donor compartment in the Caco-2 cell monolayer study should be carefully controlled in order to estimate $P_{app}$ reproducibly especially for lipophilic drugs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2005

Beads loaded with the water-soluble drug, phenylpropanolamine HCl (PPA), were prepared using an extruder and double arm counter-rotating roller modified from a traditional pill machine. The mean diameter of the cylindrical rod-like extrudate from the ram extruder was 3 mm; that of the uncoated bead after cutting and spheronization by the modified double arm counter-rotating roller was 3.26~3.28 mm. Although the surface of the beads was moderately rough and irregular, some exhibited hump-shaped protrusions, the sphericity was acceptable (roundness 1.15) and adequate for the subsequent coating process. An increase in mean diameter of the coated beads and improvements in friability and sphericity were observed in proportion to the amount of coating material applied (ethylcellulose or Eudragit？？ RS 100). It was also found that the release rate of PPA from the coated beads could be controlled by the amount and type of coating materials applied or with the incorporation of Eudragit ？？ RS 100 into the core matrix. Further modifications to the double arm counter-rotating roller, including adjustment of the rotation speed and distance between the rollers, would yield smaller uncoated beads with improved roundness and surface roughness. In conclusion , the present method could be potentially applied to prepare controlled release drug delivery beads or pellet dosage forms.