• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2001

삼백초주 제조중 기능성 성분의 이행성 정도를 측정하고자, 증자백미를 기준으로 개량누룩 5%, 양조용수 120%, 삼백초 건엽 분말 2% 또는 건근분말 5%를 첨가하여 삼백초주를 제조하였고, 발효기간에 따른 페놀성 화합물의 함량 변화를 조사하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 삼백초주의 total phenolics, flavonoid phenolics 및 quercetin 관련물질의 함량은 발효기간이 경과할수록 많았다. 2. 삼백초주의 total phenolics와 flavonoid phenolics 함량은 잎삼백초주에서 각각 ${762.5{\sim}1,054.7mg/l}$와 ${387.8{\sim}537.2mg/l}$, 뿌리삼백초주는 각각 ${608.4{\sim}928.8\;mg/l}$와 ${329.5{\sim}481.7\;mg/l}$로 잎삼백초주에서 높았다. 3. Quecetin 함량은 잎삼백초주에서는 ${3.5{\sim}3.8mg/l}$로 발효기간 간에 차이가 미미하였으며, 뿌리 삼백초주에서는 검출되지 않았다. Quercetin 관련 물질의 총함량은 잎삼백초주에서 ${72.3{\sim}84.2\;mg/l}$, 뿌리삼백초주 ${21.6{\sim}32.2\;mg/l}$로 잎삼백초주에서 높았다. 4. 뿌리삼백초주에 비하여 잎삼백초주에서 total phenolics, flavonoid phenolics 및 quercetin 관련물질의 함량이 현저히 높아 잎을 이용하여 삼백초주를 제조하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant contents and activities of twelve vegetable sprouts (broccoli, red radish, radish, mizuna, kale, taatsai, pak choi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapeseed, chicory, and alfalfa). The total flavonoid contents of the broccoli, red radish, and radish sprout were $25.36{\pm}0.13$, $25.26{\pm}1.80$, and $25.16{\pm}1.25mg$ CE/100 g FW, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of the other tested vegetables. Radish sprouts had the highest total phenolic content (112.42 mg GAE/100 g FW), followed by red radish and broccoli sprouts. The main polyphenols in the vegetable sprouts were epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, but they varied across sprout varieties. The correlation between total flavonoids and total phenolics for the 12 vegetable sprouts was very high (r=0.926). The total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities) was also highly correlated with total flavonoids and total phenolics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2016

This study investigated the phenolic, flavonoid, and vitamin constituents in the main root, root hair, and leaf of ginseng. The total individual phenolic and flavonoid contents were the highest in the leaf, followed by the main root and root hair. Ferulic acid and m-coumaric acid were found to be the major phenolics in the main root and root hair, while p-coumaric acid and m-coumaric acid were the major phenolics in the leaf. Catechin was the major flavonoid component in the main root and root hair, while catechin and kaempferol were the major flavonoid components in the leaf. Pantothenic acid was detected in the highest quantity in the non-leaf parts of ginseng, followed by thiamine and cobalamin. Linolenic acid and menadione were the major components in all parts of ginseng.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1987

포장에서 도열병에 대하여 저항성이 다른 6개의 벼 품종을 일정한 환경조건에서 재배하여 벼 잎에 함유되어 있는 탄수화물, 아미노산 및 페놀화합물 함량과 식물의 여러 발육시기 및 벼 잎의 나이가 어떠한 관계가 있는지 연구하였다. 벼가 발육하는 동안 벼 잎에 함유되어 있는 탄수화물, 총 아미노산 및 페놀 화합물의 함량에 있어서 감수성 품종과 성체식물저항성 품종간에 유의차는 없었다. 단지 성체식물저항성 품종인 도봉만이 식물이 발육하는 동안 다른 품종에 비해 inositol함량이 가장 적었다. sucrose, inositol, glucose 및 fructose 함량은 모든 품종에서 5엽기보다 8엽기에서 증가하였으나 12엽기에서는 약간 감소하였다. 반면에 총 아미노산과 페놀화합물은 식물이 발육하는 동안 점차로 감소하였다. 건전한 5엽이 노쇠함에 따라 가용성 아미노산과 페놀화합물의 함량은 점차 증가하였으나 품종간의 품종간의 유의차는 없었다. 특히 도봉품종의 노쇠한 5엽에서 페놀화합물이 가장 높았다. 벼가 성숙하여 감에 따라 또한 노쇠한 벼 잎에서 도열병에 대하여 저항성이 증가되는 것은 아마도 도열병의 발생에 상이하게 작용하는 벼의 발육과 벼 잎이 노쇠하는 동안에 일어나는 생리적인 변화에서 기인하는 상이한 현상일지도 모른다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

Rosa rugosa is a medicinal, ornamental, and edible plant native to Eastern Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. The aim of this study was to establish a system for biomass production and secondary metabolite accumulation during in vitro culture and acclimatization of Rosa rugosa. The highest rate of multiple shoot proliferation was achieved with $8.8{\mu}M$ benzyladenine (BA) (83.3%). However, the number of shoots (14.4 per explant) at $4.4{\mu}M$ BA was higher than that at $8.8{\mu}M$ BA. Compared to BA, a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole butyric acid (IBA) exhibited significantly lower shoot induction, with only 50.0~79.2% and 4.2~16.7% relative shoot formation, respectively. During acclimatization, shoots were sampled every week and their total phenolic contents were analyzed. Among various growth factors, fresh weight showed the most dramatic increase from the 3rd week (88.0 mg/plant) to 4th week (132.7 mg/plant). Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were the highest at $1^{st}$ week of acclimatization. Depending on developmental stages, total phenolics and flavonoids contents were higher in 1-yr-old shoots grown ex vitro than in those of older field-grown or in vitro-grown plants. Amongst different ages of field grown plants, 6-year-old plants, the oldest in this study, showed the lowest content in total phenolics.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

Physiological characteristics of brown rice and black rice were investigated to provide the fundamental information of physiological property of rice and to show the potential of rice as a functional ingredient. Bioactive compounds were extracted from brown and black rices with aqueous solvents like 80% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidative capacity of brown and black rices' extracts were determined. Brown rice showed much higher amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidative capacity than those of milled rice indicating that most of bioactive compounds are located in the bran layer. Black rice showed higher total phenolics and flavonoid contents and antioxidative capacity than those of brown rices. The highest antioxidative capacity was obtained from Heugjinju followed by Heugseol, Sinnongheug-chal, Hopum and Samkwang. This result indicated that antioxidative capacity is affected by total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Both brown and black rices contained higher amount of ferulic acid than that of p-coumaric acid.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fermentation can increase functional compounds in fermented soybean products, thereby improving antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated the changes in the contents of phenolics and isoflavones, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Doenjang during fermentation and aging. MATERIALS/METHODS: Doenjang was made by inoculating Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis in soybeans, fermenting and aging for 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months (D1, D3, D6, D8, and D12). Doenjang was extracted using ethanol, and sequentially fractioned by hexane, dichloromethane (DM), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol, and water. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and isoflavones, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured. Anti-inflammatory effects in terms of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions were also measured using LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RESULTS: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a gradual increase during fermentation and 6 months of aging and were sustained thereafter. DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP were increased by fermentation. FRAP was further increased by aging, but DPPH radical scavenging activity was not. Total isoflavone and glycoside contents decreased during fermentation and the aging process, while aglycone content and its proportion increased up to 3 or 6 months of aging and then showed a slow decrease. DM and EA fractions of Doenjang showed much higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity than the others. At $100{\mu}g/mL$, DM and EA fractions of D12 showed strongly suppressed NO production to 55.6% and 52.5% of control, respectively, and PGE2 production to 25.0% and 28.3% of control with inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 protein expression in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve month-aged Doenjang has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with high levels of phenolics and isoflavone aglycones, and can be used as a beneficial food for human health.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenolic acid, proanthocyanidin (PAs), and flavonol glycoside contents, as well as the antioxidant activities of pine needle extracts from six species of young pine trees. The extracts were prepared from Section Pinus (Diploxylon): P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster and P. pinea, and Section Strobus (Haploxylon): P. koraiensis and P. strobus. Phenolics were extracted from pine needles with 80% acetone to obtain the soluble free fraction, and insoluble residues were digested with 4 M NaOH to obtain bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. Phenolics were analyzed by HPLC, and the hydrophilic antioxidant activity was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the soluble free fraction were higher than those of the bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. The main phenolics were monomers and polymers of PAs in the soluble free fraction, and phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides in bound ethyl acetate fraction. Flavonol glycosides found in different species of pine needles were qualitatively similar within fractions, but composition varied among Pinus sections. High levels of kaempferol arabinoside and an unknown compound were present in all Strobus species. The soluble free fraction had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.700-703
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• 2005

Eight edible mushrooms grown in Korea were extracted with ethanol at room temperature for 24 hr. The extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activities as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activities. Among the mushroom extracts evaluated in this study, the ethanolic extracts from Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus eryngii showed the greatest potential antioxidant activity, by producing 85 and 88% inhibition in DPPH radical scavenging method and 219 and 165 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC), respectively. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in the ethanolic extracts were determined by spectrophotometric method. Positive correlations were found between total phenolic contents in the extracts and their antioxidant activities, suggesting that phenolic contents in the mushrooms extracts are mainly responsible for their antioxidant activities.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2017

This study explored the physicochemical and nutritional changes associated with storage duration of fresh tomatoes. Fruits of the 'TY Megaton' and 'Yureka' tomato cultivars were harvested at the pink stage and stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. During storage, firmness, weight loss, skin color (Hunter L, a, b, a / b values), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, antioxidant contents (lycopene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Firmness was above the minimum marketable limit and fresh weight loss was below maximum acceptable weight loss after 3 weeks of storage, and no deleterious effect on antioxidant contents or activities were observed. Significant differences in SSC, TA, and pH were seen between varieties, but not between fruits stored for different durations. In both varieties, Hunter a values increased more than five-fold after 8 days of storage; this correlated with a more than four-fold accumulation of lycopene after two weeks of storage. The antioxidant activity of tomatoes was highest at the beginning of the storage period, likely because of the effective DPPH - reducing power of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Antioxidant activity increased after 12 days of storage because of increasing lycopene content. Hence, this study indicates that pink - stage tomatoes may be stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for up to 3 weeks without affecting marketability or nutritional value.