• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

멜라민수지 조리기구 제조에 사용되는 formaldehyde와 phenol의 경우 식품에 이행될 우려가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 멜라민수지 조리기구 222건에 대하여 formaldehyde와 phenol의 식품유사용매로의 이행량을 조사하였다. 멜라민수지 조리기구는 컵(14), 공기(75), 접시(85), 숟가락(10), 젓가락(4), 식판(8), 주걱(4), 뒤지게(9) 및 국자(12)등을 수거하였다. 식품유사용매로는 물, 4% 초산, 20% 에탄올, n-헵탄을 사용하였다. 한국의 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기 포장 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 용출기준은 각각 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L 이며, 수거된 222건 멜라민수지 조리기구 모두 기준 규격에 적합하였다. 멜라민수지 조리기구 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 이행량은 각각 $N.D{\sim}2,949{\mu}g/L$, $N.D{\sim}78{\mu}g/L$이었다. 위 분석결과는 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기 포장의 안전관리의 과학적 근거자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2016

Microstructure evolutions of thermosetting resin coating layers fabricated by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) at various processing conditions were investigated. Two different typical polymer systems, a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin and a thermoplastic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were employed for a comparative study. Precursor solutions of the phenol-formaldehyde resin and of the PVP were electro-sprayed on heated silicon substrates. Fundamental differences in the thermomechanical properties of the polymers resulted in distinct ways of microstructure evolution of the electro-sprayed polymer films. For the thermosetting polymer, phenol-formaldehyde resin, vertically aligned micro-rod structures developed when it was deposited by ESD under controlled processing conditions. Through extensive microstructure and thermal analyses, it was found that the vertically aligned micro-rod structures of phenol-formaldehyde resin were formed as a result of the rheological behavior of the thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin and the preferential landing phenomenon of the ESD method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The phenol resorcinol formaldehyde resin (PRF) adhesives which are curing at ambient temperature for structural purposes were synthesized. A PRF resin is produced according to the two-stage reaction system. In first stage, a low-condensed resol or methylolated phenol were prepared from phenol by reaction with a formaldehyde in alkaline condition. The molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde was 1.0~1.4. And in second-stage, resorcinol was added to combine with the methylol group of a low-condensed resol(R/P molar ratio 0.3). The glue-joint strength, pot-life and workability of this synthetic PRF resin were superior to conventional ambient temperature setting adhesives such as oilic urethane or water based polymer-isocyanate resin for wood adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1987

소나무 크라프트 펄프제조과정중 회수된 폐액으로 Black liquor-phenol formaldehyde. Methylolated kraft lignin-phenol formaldehyde 및 Lignin cake-phenol rein 세 종류의 접착제가 제조되었다. Black liquor-phenol formaldehyde resin 제조시 Phenol의 약 60%를 크라프트 폐액으로 대치할 수 있다. 본 접착제의 최적압착조건은 $160^{\circ}C$에서 7분간이였다.(상태접착력 : 15.77kg/$cm^2$ 내수접착력 : 8.54kg/$cm^2$). Methylolated kraft lignin-pheno] formaldehyde resin 제조시 Phenol의 약 80~90%를 Methylolated kraft lignin으로 대용할 수 있었다. 본 접착제 제조시 pH를 2.6 용매로서 Methanol, 접착제 1g 당 $0.2m\ell$ Formaldehyde를 첨가하는 것이 접착력이 가장 높았다(상대접착력 : 18.54kg/$cm^2$, 내수 접착력 : 10.08kg/$cm^2$. Lignin cake-phenol ressin에서 Phenol양과 Kraft lignin양이 1 : 1일 경우에 접착력이 높았다. 본 접착제의 최적 압착조건은 $150^{\circ}C$에서 4분간이었다.(상태 접착력 : 18.46kg/$cm^2$, 내수접착력 : 12.3kg/$cm^2$).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2007

In this study, the possibility of using pyrolysis oil as wood adhesives was explored. Especially, adhesives were formulated by reacting pyrolysis oil and formaldehyde and also partially replacing phenol with pyrolysis oil in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive and soy hydrolizate/PF adhesive formulation. The pine wood was fast pyrolyized and the oils were obtained from a series of condensers in the pyrolysis system. The oils from each condenser were first reacted with formaldehyde to explore potential use of the oil itself as adhesive. The lap-shear bond strength test results indicated that the oil itself could be polymerized and form bonds between wood adherends. The oils from each condenser were then mixed together and used as partial replacement of phenol (25, 33, and 50% by weight) in phenol-formaldehyde adhesive. The bond strength of the oil containing PF adhesives was decreased as percent phenol replacement level increased. However, no significant difference was found between 25 and 33% of phenol replacement level. The oil-contained PF resins at 25, 33, and 50% phenol replacement level with different NaOH/Phenol (Pyrolysis oil) molar ratio were further formulated with soy hydrolizate to make soy hydrolizate/pyrolysis oil-phenol formaldehyde adhesive at 6:4 weight (wt) ratio and used for fiberboard manufacturing. Surface internal bond strength (IB) of the boards bonded with 33% replacement at 0.3 NaOH/Phenol (Pyrolysis oil) molar ratio performed better than other replacement levels and molar ratios. Thickness swelling after 24 hr cold water soaking and after 2 hr in boiling water was increased as % replacement of pyrolysis oil increased.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1988

This experiment was executed to investigate the effect of activation of veneer surface by oxidizing agents, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, on bonding characteristics of Malas(Homalium foetidum Benth) plywood, in which the effects of these oxidizing agents amount, pretreatment time, and pressing time and temperatue on shear strength of the plywood were examined and discussed. In this research the activation of veneer surface by oxidants was effective in raising shear strength but the difference in shear strength was not observed between hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid treatment. Hydrogen peroxide treatment, however, seemed to be more profitable to industrial application because of its lower concentration and easier handling than nitric acid. The bonding method by lignin-phenol adhesive through surface activation revealed inferior shear strength to phenol- and urea-formaldehyde adhesive but superior water resistance to urea-formaldehyde adhesive and this bonding method, in addition, have the advantage of lower cost compared with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, Therefore, this bonding method by lignin-phenol adhesive through surface activation seemed to economical in manufacturing of water-resistant wood panel materials in future.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.288-291
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• 2005

Resol형 페놀수지(phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin)는 페놀(phenol: P)에 포름알데히드(formaldehyde: F)를 첨가하여 반응시키는 부가반응과 물을 제거하는 축합반응에 의해 합성된다. 본 연구에서는 부가반응 반응변수인 F/P몰비, 촉매의 농도, 반응온도 및 반응시간 등의 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 또한 반응시간의 조절에 따른 합성된 페놀수지의 분자량과 점도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과, 부가반응에서 촉매농도와 반응온도가 높아질수록 반응시간은 크게 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 축합반응에서 페놀수지의 점도는 반응시간이 증가할수록 1500cps에서 9000 cps까지 증가하였고, 분자량은 500~1100 g/mol 범위의 저 분자량을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 두부비지 가수분해물과 페놀수지로 조제된 마루판 화장용 접착제의 접착성능을 확인하기 위하여 수행하였다. 먼저 두부비지를 황산과 수산화나트륨으로 화학적으로 개량한 후 가교제로 phenol formaldehyde (PF) prepolymer와 혼합하여 접착제를 조제하였는데, 이 접착제는 고형분 함량을 기준으로 35%의 황산 가수분해물(AC), 35%의 수산화나트륨 가수분해물(AK) 그리고 30%의 PF로 조제하였다. 이렇게 조제된 접착제를 고밀도섬유판에 $300g/m^2$의 비율로 도포한 후 참나무 무늬목을 접착시켜 $7kg/m^2$의 압력으로 $120^{\circ}C$에서 열압하여 마루판을 제조하였다. 제조된 마루판에 대하여 formaldehyde/phenol 몰비(1.8, 2.1, 2.4), 퇴적시간(0분, 10분, 20분), 열압시간(90초, 120초)이 평면인장강도, 준내수 박리율, 포름알데히드 방산량에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 두부비지 접착제를 이용하여 제조된 목질마루판의 평면인장강도는 KS 규격의 최소값을 상회하였으며, 대부분의 포름알데히드 방산량 값은 KS 규격의 E0 기준에 근접하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 두부비지 접착제가 마루판 화장용 접착제로 사용될 수 있다는 가능성을 보여 주었으나, 상용화를 위하여 내수성의 향상과 포름알데히드 방산량의 저감을 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Wood Polymer Composites(WPC) have attracted significant attention because of ecological and environmental concerns. However, the structure of Wood Flour containing many hydroxyl groups(-OH) reduces the interface adhesion to Phenol-formaldehyde(PF) and it decreases the mechanical properties of the PF/Wood Flour Composites. The present work involves the modification of Wood Flour using silanes reinforced with Phenol-formaldehyde to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The spectroscopic properties of the composites were analyzed using FT-IR, XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and the mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were studied. We confirmed the modification effect of silanes by spectroscopic analysis, and the mechanical properties of the composites using wood flour modified by silanes were significantly improved.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1995

To accelerate the cure of phenolic resin adhesives for plywood, the complexation with melamine resin and the addition of cure-accelerating agents were discussed. The hot-pressing temperature and time of phenol resin could be decreased by complexation with melamine resin. but the wet glue-joints strength of phenol melamine resin was lower than that of ordinary phenol resin in case of plywood using spruce veneer at core layer. Among the tested cure-accelerating agents. the sodium carbonate showed the greatest effect on shortening gelation time of phenolic resin. In addition, in the manufacturing scale test, the hot-pressing time of phenol resin with the addition of 5 parts sodium carbonate could be shortened about 20% compared with ordinary phenol resin which had same glue-joints properties.