• 제목/요약/키워드: phenol detection

검색결과 85건 처리시간 0.022초

A simple method for detection of CMV viral RNAs and satellite RNAs in Korean pepper.

  • J.H. Sung;Park, J.H.;H.Y. Shin;M.U. Chang;H. Sayama;H. Atarashi
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.150.3-151
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    • 2003
  • To analyze the genome of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) in pepper, we developed a new extraction method for double-stranded RNA(dsRNA). To isolate the dsRNA, 0.1g of pepper leaves homogenized with 1ml of 5${\times}$EXB extraction buffer[0.5M glycin, 0.5M NaCl, 5mM EDTA(pH9.0/NaOH), 10% Sodium N-lauryl salcosinate(NLS), 10% Sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS)] and purified with the 1/4 volume of phenol: chloroform: isoamylalcohol(25:24:1). dsRNAs from the aqueous phase was precipitated with isopropanol. This procedure was able to detect a minimal amount of dsRNA from CMV infected plant tissue and to distinguish different CMV satellite RNAs by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE). Moreover, this method can be applied CMV infected in pepper or Rice dwarf virus (RDV) infected rice.

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Green flow injection spectrophotometric system for lead ion (II) evaluation in vegetables samples using new azo reagent

  • Fatimah Lateef Al-Zubaidi;Khdeeja Jabbar Ali
    • 분석과학
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2023
  • A new, sensitive, and reliable flow injection methodology was investigated for the determination of lead ion (II) in vegetables' samples using a laboratory-prepared reagent 2-[(6-methoxy-2-benzothiazoly)azo]-4-methoxy phenol (6-MBTAMP). Infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Elemental Analysis (CHN), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1HNMR, and 13CNMR techniques were used to characterize the reagent and lead (II) complex. The method is based on lead ion (II) reacting with the reagent (6-MBTAMP) in a neutral solution to produce a green-red complex with a maximum absorbance at 670 nm. The optimum conditions, such as flow rate, lead ion (II) volume, reagent volume, medium pH, reagent concentration, and reaction coil length were thoroughly examined. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.621 mg·L-1 and 2.069 mg·L-1 , respectively, while Sandell's sensitivity was determined to be 0.345 ㎍·cm-2.

Determination of Copper in Black, Red Pepper and the Waste Water Samples by a Highly Selective Sensitive Cu(II) Microelectrode Based on a New Hexadentates Schiff's Base

  • Norouzi, Parviz;Ganjali, Mohammad Reza;Faridbod, Farnoush;Salavati-Niasari, Masoud
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제27권9호
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    • pp.1439-1444
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    • 2006
  • A $Cu^{2+}$ ion-selective membrane microelectrode has been fabricated from poly vinyl chloride (PVC) matrix membrane containing a new symmetrical hexadentate Schiff,s base 2-{1-(E)-2-((Z)-2-{(E)-2-[(Z)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1-methylpropylidene)hydrazono]ethyl}phenol (HDNOS) as a neutral carrier, Potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as an anionic excluder and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizing solvent mediator. The microelectrode displays linear potential response in the concentration range of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}-1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-11}$ M of $Cu^{2+}$. The microelectrode exhibits a nice Nernstian slope of 25.9 ${\pm}$ 0.3 mV $decade^{-1}$ in the pH range of 3.1-8.1. The sensor has a relatively short response time in whole concentration ranges ($\sim$5 s). The detection limit of proposed sensor is $5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-12}$ M (320 pg/L), and it can be used over a period of eight weeks. The practical utility of the sensor has been demonstrated by using it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of $Cu^{2+}$ with EDTA. The proposed membrane electrode was used for the direct determining of $Cu^{2+}$ content in black and red pepper, and in waste water samples.

Seibel 포도즙 알코올 발효 및 저장 중 휘발성 향기성분의 변화 (Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds of Seibel Grape Must during Alcohol Fermentation and Aging)

  • 고경희;장우영
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.491-499
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    • 1999
  • A great variety of the volatile metabolic by-products was formed in yeast cell during alcohol fermentation. The seibel grape (Vitis labrasca) which was grown in the Southern Korea used for wines. The objective of this research was to identify the volatile flavor compounds during alcohol fermentation and aging at 12$^{\circ}C$. saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe were inoculated and fermented in seibel grape must. The volatile flavor compounds of logarithmic, stationary and death phases were extracted, concentrated and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The volatile flavor compounds were determined by a Hewlett-Packard 5890 II Plus GC which was equipped with Supelcowax 10 fused silica capillary column (60m$\times$0.32mm$\times$0.25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ film thickness) wall coated with polyethyleneglycerol. The scan detection method allowed the comparison of the spectrum from the chromatogram of volatile flavor compounds to those in data Wileynbs base library. Among the volatile compounds collected by ether-hexane extraction method, the evolution of 20 main compounds, such as 9 esters (ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, n-hexyl acetate, ethl caprylate, ethyl caprate, diethy succinate, ethyl hexadecanoate, 2-pheneethyl acetate), 4 alcohols (3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, benzoethanol), 4 ketones and acids (2-octanone, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid), 2 furan and phenol (2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)phenol, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran) were observed during alcohol fermentation and aging. The production of the esters during alcohol fermentation with S. cerevisiae was higher than those of Sch. pombe. The sensory scores of the aged wine samples in aroma, taste and overall acceptability were not significantly different(p<0.05).

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Sensing Characteristics of Tyrosinase Immobilized and Tyrosinase, Laccase Co-immobilized Platinum Electrodes

  • Quan, De;Kim, You-Sung;Shin, Woon-Sup
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제25권8호
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    • pp.1195-1201
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    • 2004
  • Tyrosinase was covalently immobilized on platinum electrode according to the method we developed for laccase (Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2002, 23(7), 385) and p-chlorophenol, p-cresol, and phenol could be detected with sensitivities of 334, 139 and 122 nA/ ${\mu}M$ and the detection limits of 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The response time ($t_{90\%}$) is 3 seconds for p-chlorophenol, and 5 seconds for p-cresol and phenol. The optimal pHs of the sensor are in the range of 5.0- 6.0. This sensor can tolerate at least 500 times repeated injections of p-chlorophenol with retaining 80% of initial activity. In case of tyrosinase and laccase co immobilized platinum electrode, the sensitivities are 560 nA/ ${\mu}M$ for p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and 195 nA/ ${\mu}M$ for p-chlorophenol, respectively. The sensitivity of the bi-enzyme sensor for PPD increases 70% compared to that of only laccase immobilized one, but the sensitivity for p-chlorophenol decreases 40% compared to that of only tyrosinase immobilized one. The sensitivity increase for the bi-enzyme sensor for PPD can be ascribed to the additional catalytic function of the co-immobilized tyrosinase. The sensitivity decrease for p-chlorophenol can be explained by the “blocking effect” of the co-immobilized laccase, which hinders the mass transport through the immobilized layer. If PPD was detected with the electrode that had been used for p-chlorophenol, the sensitivity decreased 20% compared to that of the electrode that had been used only for PPD. Similarly, if p-chlorophenol was detected with PPD detected electrode, the sensitivity also decreased 20%. The substrate-induced conformation changes of the enzymes in a confined layer may be responsible for the phenomena.

유기농 잡곡의 몇몇 기능성 물질 비교 (Comparison of Functional Materials in Organic Cultivated Minor Cereal Crops)

  • 윤성탁;김태호;남중창;김태윤;김혜림;조성훈;이승우;이명철;김민정;김성민
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.619-630
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    • 2012
  • 최근 잡곡은 웰빙식품으로서 각광을 받고 있어 앞으로 수요가 늘어날 것으로 전망되고 있어 잡곡에 대한 연구가 매우 절실하지만 국내 조, 기장, 수수의 잡곡종자에 대한 기능성물질에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리의 주식작물인 벼와 국내에서 유기농으로 재배 생산된 수종의 잡곡종자에 대한 지방산조성, 총 안토시아닌과 총 페놀 함량 및 항산화활성을 조사하여 잡곡을 이용한 기능성 제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로서 제공하고자 하였다. 1. 총 지방산 함량은 조, 기장, 수수, 벼의 순으로 각각 0.649% > 0.33% > 0.172% > 0.111%이었고, 불포화지방산 함량도 조, 기장, 수수, 벼의 순으로 각각 0.511% > 0.269% > 0.122% > 0.069%로 높았다. 2. 벼, 조, 기장 수수의 안토시아닌의 함량은 벼, 조, 기장에서는 안토시아닌이 검출되지 않았으나, 수수에서는 다량이 검출되었으며, 품종간에는 몽당수수에서 $137.5mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며, 메수수에서 $65.8mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 적었다. 3. 총 페놀 함량은 벼에서는 추청벼가 $13.70{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며 대안벼가 $10.07{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$로 가장 적었다. 조에서는 흰차조가 $25.8{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 강화조가 $22.3{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 많았다. 기장의 경우는 벼룩기장이 $69.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$로 가장 함량이 많았으며, 검은기장이 $33.6{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 적었다. 수수는 찰수수가 $682.2{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내어 가장 함량이 많았으며, 가장 적은 품종은 재래찰수수로서 $237.9{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내었다. 작물별 평균 총 페놀 함량을 보면 벼는 $12.25{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 조는 $16.95{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 기장은 $51.01{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, 수수의 경우에서는 $447.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$을 나타내어 3작물의 총 페놀 함량은 수수가 평균 $447.4{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며 이 양은 조의 평균치의 26.3배, 기장의 평균치에 대해서는 8.8배나 많은 함량이었다. 4. 벼, 조, 수수, 기장의 DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 자유라디칼(free radical) 소거활성효과는 벼에서는 추청벼가 3.6%로 가장 높았다. 조에서는 강화조가 4.78%로 항산화 효과가 가장 높았으며, 올황차조가 0.08%로 가장 낮았다. 기장의 경우는 검은 기장이 13.4%로 특히 가장 높았다. 수수는 본 시험에 공시된 7품종의 범위가 88.47~90.11%로 품종간 차이가 크지 않았다. 벼 3품종, 조 9품종, 기장 6품종, 수수 7품종의 평균항산화 활성을 보면 수수 > 기장 > 조 > 벼 순으로 각각 1.60% > 2.43% > 6.13% > 89.50%로 나타났다. 수수의 평균 항산화 활성은 조의 37배, 기장의 15배나 높았다.

PCR을 이용한 지하수 내의 탈질화 세균의 검출 (Detection of Denitrifying Bacteria in Groundwater by PCR)

  • 신규철;서미연;한명수;최영길
    • 환경생물
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.321-324
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    • 2001
  • 일반적으로 지하수환경은 세균의 수가 적기 때문에 세균의 핵산을 추출하기 위해서는 지하수 시료의 여과를 통하여 대량의 세균을 획득하는 것이 우선적으로 요구되어왔다. 그러나 이러한 여과법은 많은 시간과 인력의 낭비 뿐만 아니라 실험 과정의 특수성으로 인하여 오염의 위험성이 높다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 구아니딘 열탕법을 이용하여 소량의 지하수 시료로부터 핵산증폭실험에 적용할 수 있는 충분한 양의 핵산의 추출을 시도하였다. 지하수 시료는 서울시 내의 질소화합물 요염지역, 오염 예상지역, 청정지역으로 구분하여 각각 2개의 정점을 선별하여 총 6개의 정점으로부터 채수하였다. 구아니딘 열탕법을 이용하여 얻은 핵산으로 지하수에서 탈질화세균의 존재 여부를 검정한 결과 청정지역을 제외한 4개의 정점에서 탈질화 세균의 존재를 확인하였다.

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Comparison on Usefulness of Sampling Methods of Indoles in Airs from Swine Facility by Tenax-TA and SPME

  • Yu, Mee-Seon;Lee, Jae-Chun;Yang, Sung-Bong;Kim, Doo-Hwan;Cho, Sung-Back;Whang, Ok-Wha
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제22권12호
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    • pp.1539-1549
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to compare the sampling methods for monitoring indoles (phenol, p-cresol, indole and skatole) in airs of swine facility. As the collecting methods of indoles in air, Tenax-TA adsorption tube and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were examined. For the preparation of calibration curves of indoles concentrated in Tenax-TA, the standard indoles solutions were spiked in each of Tenax-TA tubes and thermally desorbed (ATD) into a gas chromatograph combined with mass detector (GC/MS). And for the preparation of calibration curves by SPME, indoles in the standard gaseous solution prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution that contained indoles into a polyester sampling bag were extracted with SPME fiber and subsequently analyzed by the GC/MS. Two sampling methods were evaluated for extracting indoles present in swine building environments. Results indicated that the SPME method using Polydimethylsiloxane/ Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was more effective than Tenax-TA method in extracting indoles. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that the linearities of calibration curves and detection limits were useful for detection of indoles in swine airs. The field tests also showed that considerably different levels of indoles were present in various parts of the swine building.

폴리(글리시딜 메타크릴레이트)가 그래프트된 다중벽 탄소나노튜브에 다양한 아민 그룹의 도입과 바이오센서 지지체로서의 응용 (Introduction of Various Amine Groups onto Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-g-MWNTs and their Application as Biosensor Supports)

  • 정다정;김기출;최성호
    • 폴리머
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.470-477
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    • 2012
  • 다양한 아민 그룹으로 개질된 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(이하 MWNT) 지지체를 기반으로 하여 페놀 화합물을 검출하기 위한 티로시나아제가 고정된 바이오센서를 개발하였다. 방사선 중합법을 이용하여 MWNT에 글리시딜메타크릴레이트를 중합한 후 중합 사슬의 아미노화 반응을 통해 MWNT에 다양한 아민 그룹을 도입시켰다. 이렇게 제조된 물질의 물리적, 화학적 특성은 SEM, XPS 그리고 TGA에 의해 평가되었다. 그리고 제조된 물질을 기반으로 제작된 티로시나아제가 고정화된 바이오센서의 전기화학적 특성도 평가하였다. 본 효소 바이오센서는 0.1-0.9 mM의 페놀을 검출할 수 있다. 결합효과, pH, 온도 그리고 다양한 페놀화합물에 대한 반응과 같은 여러 가지 변수에 대하여도 최적화하였고 상용 레드와인에서의 페놀화합물 검출도 연구하였다.

Toxicity Monitoring of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) Using Freeze-dried Recombinant Bioluminescent Bacteria

  • Kim, Sung-Woo;Park, Sue-Hyung;Jiho Min;Gu, Man-Bock
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제5권6호
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    • pp.395-399
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    • 2000
  • Five different freeze-dried recombinant bioluminescent bacteria were used for the detection of cellular stresses caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals. These strains were DPD2794 (recA::luxCDABE), which is sensitive to DNA damage, DPD2540 (fabA::luxCDABE), sensitive to cellular membrane damage, DPD2511 (katG::luxCDABE), sensitive to oxidative damage, and TV1061 (grpE::luxCDABE), sensitive to protein damage. GC2, which emits bioluminescence constitutively, was also used in this study. The toxicity of several chemicals was measured using GC2. Damage caused by known endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as nonyl phenol, bisphenol A, and styrene, was detected and classified according to toxicity mode, while others, such as phathalate and DDT, were not detected with the bacteria. These results suggest that endocrine disrupting chemicals are toxic in bacteria, and do not act via an estrogenic effect, and that toxicity monitoring and classification of some endocrine disrupting chemicals may be possible in the field using these freeze-dried recombinant bioluminescent bacteria.

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