• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.150-160
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• 2017

Background: Recently, a fixed combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir (GE) has been introduced to the arsenal of chemotherapeutics to fight against this virus. The study aimed to provide information on the efficacy and safety of GE for the treatment of HCV infection by performing a meta-analysis of literature data. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE database searches were conducted. Among the literature retrieved, pivotal Phase III clinical studies were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by RevMan. Results: Four pivotal Phase III clinical studies compared the efficacy and safety of GE. When HCV patients were treated with GE for 12 weeks, the sustained virologic response, defined as the viral RNA level below the lower limit of quantification at 12 weeks after the cessation of therapy (SVR12), was 94.7%. The clinical advantage of GE involves its use by patients with cirrhosis and/or renal failure without dose adjustment. If the genotype (GT) of the causative virus was GT1a with NS5A polymorphism or GT4 with resistance to peginterferon/ribavirin, treatment with GE plus ribavirin for 16 weeks resulted in a better outcome compared to treatment with GE alone for 12 weeks. Adverse events reported during the four clinical studies were 71.09% in the GE arms and it was 76.61% in the non-GE arms, with the most frequent events being mild central nervous system symptoms. Conclusion: GE was generally safe and effective for the treatment of HCV infection. However, since HCV mutates very rapidly and becomes resistant to antiviral agents, long-term monitoring should be mandatory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.147-154
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to improve the existing phase split algorithm considering the minimum green time in COSMOS. In the case of a signalized intersection where two wide and narrow streets intersect each other, the time required for the pedestrian crossing is frequently longer than the time alloted to the through traffic on a minor street. In order to meet the minimum green time requirement for the pedestrian less time in alloted automatically to the left-turn traffic, creating heavy congestion on the left-turn approach. To solve this problem, this study suggests a new algorithm which shares the barrier using minimum green time and shares the burden with signal phases alloted to the crossing street traffic on the basis of the equal ratio of the degree of saturation, while maintaining the minimum green time requirement. The new algorithm was compared with the existing algorithm by using a microscopic simulation model for COSMOS evaluation developed at Ajou University. The simulation results show that the new algorithm produces better performance than the existing one.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.538-544
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• 2005

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of reconstitution (R) on utilization of red sorghum (S) in diets of broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n=360) were randomly divided into 36 groups of 10 chicks each, and 9 dietary treatments were allotted to 4 groups (replicates) in a completely randomized design. Out of the 9 treatments, one was corn-soy based control (D1). The rest of the treatments were diets consisting of four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% part of corn) of raw red sorghum (S25-S100) or four levels of reconstituted red sorghum (RS25-RS100). The tannin content reduced from 2.3% to 1.6% after reconstitution of red sorghum. Body weight gain reduced significantly (p<0.01) in diets containing unprocessed red sorghum beyond 33% in diet or reconstituted red sorghum at any level. However, during finishing growth phase the birds receiving either processed or unprocessed sorghum (barring S75) had statistically similar gains in body weight. During over all growth phase (0-6 wk), live weight gains in all the dietary treatments did not differ statistically. Feed intake during 0-6 wk was significantly higher (p<0.05) in diets containing sole red sorghum than corn-soy based control diets Feed conversion ratio during 0-3 wk period in control and unprocessed red-sorghum diets were similar but statistically poorer (p<0.01) FCR emanated from reconstituted groups, while during 3-6 wk of age FCR was poorer (p<0.05) in diets containing 75% red sorghum, either processed or unprocessed. FCR, in overall growth phases, in control diet was statistically similar to the groups fed diets containing up to 33% unprocessed or 16% reconstituted group. The carcass traits and yield of organs did not differ (p>0.05) due to the various levels of red-sorghum. It was concluded that though the tannin content was reduced by 30% by the reconstitution process, but this did not give any additional advantage in broiler performance. More over, red-sorghum can be used effectively up to 33% in diet replacing 50% of corn after proper adjustment of proteins, energy and amino acids.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.70-78
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• 1988

To separate and utilize the main components of hardwood (Quercus mongolica) by organosov pulping (ester pulping), chips were cooked at various conditions such as; the solvent ratio (acetic acid: ethylacetate: water, 50:25:25; 33:33:34; 25:50:25), maximum temperature (165, 170, $175^{\circ}C$), and cooking times (2, 2.5, 3 hr). The pulps were bleached by the sequences of CEDED, C/DEDED, PEDED. Lignin, sugars, and acetic acid were separated from black liquor and washing liquors. 1. The selective delignification at optimal pulp yield (43-45%) was obtained by cooking at acetic acid: ethylace tate: water ratio of 33:34:34 for 3 hr at $170^{\circ}C$. But in this case, kappa no. of the pulp was not reduced under 60 points. 2. Kappa no. of the pulp could be dropped by an acetone wash to remove reprecipitated lignin a t cooked pulp. 3. The unbleached pulps had a brightness of 45-50%, whereas the bleached pulps gave at 88-93% brightness. Tensile, burst, and tear strengths of the bleached pulps were lower than those of kraft pulp, especially in tear strength. The pulps which were bleached with CEDED sequence were higher in strengths than another bleaching sequences. 4. Lignin of 90-95%(lignin base on wood)was separated from black liquor and washing liquors, while the purified sugars and recovery of acetic acid were a low. An organic phase composed of acetic acid, ethylacetate, and water was separated to a two-phase system by proper adjustment of the solvent ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1991

This study aims to develop techniques for generating Digital Elevation Model(DEM) from SPOT Computer Compatible Tape(CCT) data, so as to present an effective way of generation of DEM for large area. As the first phase of extracting ground heights from SPOT stereo digital data, the bundle adjustment technique was used to determine the satellite exterior orientation parameters. Because SPOT data has the characteristics of multiple perspective projection, exterior orientation Parameters were modelled as a function of scan lines. In the second phase, a normalized cross correlation matching technique was applied to search for the conjugate pixels ill stereo pairs. The preliminary study showed that the matching window size of 13$\times$13 was adequate. After image coordinates of the conjugate pixels were determined by the matching technique, the ground coordinates of the corresponding pixels were calculated by the space intersection method. Then DEM was generated by interpolations. In addtion an algorithm for the elimination of abnormal elevation was developed and applied. The algorithm was very effective to improve the accuracy of the generated DEM.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.4A
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

In this paper, a receive diversity combining technique is proposed for single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)-based cooperative relay systems when discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading sizes for mobile station (MS) and relay station (RS) are different. The proposed technique is composed of a DFT spreading size adjustment block, a phase rotation compensation block, a channel phase compensation block, and a receive diversity combining block. The proposed technique is robust to multipath channels and can be operated with a relatively small computational complexity because receive diversity combining is performed with scalar operations in the frequency-domain. It is shown by computer simulation that the proposed receive diversity combining techniques achieve a performance gain over the conventional maximal ratio combining (MRC) techniques for SC-FDMA-based cooperative relay systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2014

This paper discusses about the beam pattern distortion caused by the failures of some antenna modules in the active array antenna and analyses the possibility of improvement through applying the beam pattern compensation method previously studied. The beam pattern distortion which is mostly represented as an increase of the sidelobe level, can be suppressed through re-synthesizing each module's magnitude and phase. This method was applied to the prototype of active array antenna system, and the results of antenna pattern distortion and compensation were analyzed and measured in the Near Field Chamber. Array failures are generally divided into random TR module failures and TRU(TR Unit: combination of TR modules, Beam Computation module, Power supply module) failures. The results of beam pattern compensation were analyzed in each failure and compared to the results of the simulation. The beam pattern compensation results applied to the real active antenna array system showed the similar to the simulation results. Consequently, it was verified the beam pattern could be compensated with the magnitude and phase adjustment of other normal antenna modules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.961-966
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• 2007

Recently the regulation related the environment is getting more and more strengthened. Needs for sustainable building is growing more and more interested in construction industry. However, most of the research has been conducted is focused on material production or maintaining phases. There are not enough research especially in construction phase. And it still exists a lot of environmental barrier factor which could not be easily quantified in construction fields. It makes problems that contractors make an effort only an adequate regulation and they does not take an interest in reducing efforts of environmental pollution. This research defines factor categories which have to be mainly managed and provides the integrated construction management method for sustainable building to reduce environmental pollution through analysis of environmental barrier factor in each work package and effective adjustment of construction plan.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1850137.1-1850137.9
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• 2018

A series of silica surface-capped with hexamethyldisilazane (denoted as $H-SiO_2$) were prepared by liquid-phase in-situ surface-modification method. The as-obtained $H-SiO_2$ was incorporated into acrylic amino (AA) baking paint to obtain AA/$H-SiO_2$ composite extinction paints and/or coatings. $N_2$ adsorption-desorption tests were conducted to determine the specific surface area as well as pore size and pore volume of $H-SiO_2$. Moreover, the effects of $H-SiO_2$ matting agents on the physical properties of AA paint as well as the gloss and transmittance of AA-based composite extinction coatings were investigated. Results show that $H-SiO_2$ matting agents possess a large specific surface area and pore volume than previously reported silica obtained by liquid-phase method. Besides, they have better dispersibility in AA baking paint than the unmodified silica. Particularly, $H-SiO_2$ with a silica particle size of $6.7{\mu}m$ and the dosage of 4% (mass fraction) provides an extinction rate of 95.2% and a transmittance of 79.3% for the AA-based composite extinction coating, showing advantages over OK520, a conventional silica matting agent. Along with the increase in the silica particle size, $H-SiO_2$ matting agents cause a certain degree of increase in the viscosity of AA paint as well as a noticeable decrease in the gloss of the AA-based composite extinction coating, but they have insignificant effects on the hardness and adhesion to substrate of the AA-based composite coatings. This means that $H-SiO_2$ matting agents could be well applicable to preparing low-viscosity and low-gloss AA-based matte coatings.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations are powerful tools to monitor surface's displacement very accurately, induced by earthquake, volcano, ground subsidence, glacier movement, etc. Especially, radar interferometry (InSAR) which utilizes phase information related to distance from sensor to target, can generate displacement map in line-of-sight direction with accuracy of a few cm or mm. Due to decorrelation effect, however, degradation of coherence in the InSAR application often prohibit from construction of differential interferogram. Offset tracking method is an alternative approach to make a two-dimensional displacement map using intensity information instead of the phase. However, there is limitation in that the offset tracking requires very intensive computation power and time. In this paper, efficiency of parallel computing has been investigated using high performance computer for estimation of glacier velocity. Two TanDEM-X SAR observations which were acquired on September 15, 2013 and September 26, 2013 over the Narsap Sermia in Southwestern Greenland were collected. Atotal of 56 of 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon processors(28 physical processors with hyperthreading) by operating with linux environment were utilized. The Gamma software was used for application of offset tracking by adjustment of the number of processors for the OpenMP parallel computing. The processing times of the offset tracking at the 256 by 256 pixels of window patch size at single and 56 cores are; 26,344 sec and 2,055 sec, respectively. It is impressive that the processing time could be reduced significantly about thirteen times (12.81) at the 56 cores usage. However, the parallel computing using all the processors prevent other background operations or functions. Except the offset tracking processing, optimum number of processors need to be evaluated for computing efficiency.