• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2008

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders manifested by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Mounting evidence demonstrates that diabetes is a risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. The circulating mononuclear phagocytes in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia are chronically exposed to high level of serum glucose. Thus, this study attempted to determine the effect of pre-exposure of monocytes and macrophages to high concentration of glucose on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Material and Methods: For this purpose, cells were cultured in medium containing normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) for 4-5 weeks before treatment for 24 h with LPS. LPS was highly purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia by phenol extraction. Result: Results showed that prolonged pre-exposure of cells to high glucose markedly increased LPS-stimulated NO secretion when compared to normal glucose. In addition to NO, high glucose also augmented LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion after cells were exposed to high glucose for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that pre-exposure of mononuclear phagocytes with high glucose augments LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators. These findings may explain why periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients is more severe than that in non-diabetic individuals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.440-446
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• 2008

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most widely used immunosuppressive agents, but animals treated with GCs may experience deleterious side effects which limit their use in many clinical conditions. In the present study, we examined whether methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), a glucocorticoid, modulates circulating leukocyte numbers, phagocytic capacity and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood phagocytes, and whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) release is affected by MPSS injection. Neutrophilia and monocytosis were induced by the administration of a high dose of MPSS, which is the recommended protocol for canine patients with acute spinal cord injury. The injection of MPSS decreased the phagocytic capacity of canine PMNs but not PBMCs, and recovered 12 hours (hr) after the completion of MPSS dosing. The OBA of both PMNs and PBMCs was suppressed by MPSS, and restored 24 hr after the completion of dosing. The lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α release by PBMCs but not PMNs exposed to MPSS was reduced 12 hr after the completion of dosing, and recovered 48 hr after the completion of dosing. These results suggest that the application of MPSS protocol inhibits the innate immune functions of canine peripheral blood phagocytes for short time relatively.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1999

The immunostimulating effects of egg white derivatives (EWD) on the phagocytic response of feline peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as well as mono- nuclear cells (MNC) were examined. The phagocytic activity was analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The EWD showed directly an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of MNC but not PMN. The phagocytic activity of MNC was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC and PMN treated with EWD, respectively. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC but not PMN treated with EWD. It was, therefore, indicated that the enhanced phagocytic activity of feline PMN could be mainly mediated by humoral factor(s) released from MNC treated with EWD. These results suggested that EWD could enhance the phagocytosis of feline peripheral blood phagocytes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2002

Effects of Escherichia coli genomic DNA on the production of phagocyte activating supernatants by the head kidney leucocytes isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. Phagocyte activating activity of the supernatants was estimated by. measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in target head kidney phagocytes. All supernatants from olive flounder head kidney leucocytes-stimulated with E. coli DNA induced significantly (P<0.01) higher ROS production from target pagocytes than the unstimulated control supernatant. Maximum enhancement of chemiluminescent response was observed $5.0-10.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of bacterial DNA while the increment ability was decreased significantly (P<0.01) at the concentration of $20.0{\mu}mL^{-1}$. The results demonstrate that olive flounder head-kidney leucocytes stimulated with bacterial DNA release a soluble phagocyte activating cytokines capable of enhancing the respiratory burst activity from target phagocytes.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.2
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• 2017

The efficient removal of dead cells is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The phagocytosis involves a series of steps that ultimately leads the detection of apoptotic cell by the phagocytes and the subsequent engulfment and degradation of corpse. The uptake of apoptotic cells by phagocytes not only removes debris from tissues but also generates an anti-inflammatory signal that blocks tissue inflammation. Conversely, impaired clearance of dead cells can cause loss of immune tolerance and the development of various inflammation-associated diseases such as autoimmunity, but can also affect cancer development. This review will discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanism of apoptotic cell phagocytosis and how they may be related to human diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.65-65
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• 2006

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 1998

The chemiluminescent (CL) response of phagocytes from juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, which were administered orally with levamisole was investigated. The fish intubated with doses of levamisole either at 0.5mg $kg^-$ or 1 mg $kg^-$body weight showed significant increase in CL responses at two weeks after the administration. The increased extent of CL in the fish exposed to 0.5 mg $kg^-$ body weight was considerably lower than that in the fish exposed to 1 mg $kg^-$. The fish exposed to 5 mg $kg^-$ body weight showed a steady and significant increase of CL response after the intubation. The fish intubated with 10 mg of levamisole $kg^-$ body weight, however, showed no significant differences in CL response after the administration. In the experiment of feeding experimental diet, a lower dose of levamisole induced immunostimulation of phagocytes, but higher doses of levamisole induced immunosuppression of phagocytes. At one week after marking and blood sampling, plasma glucose level was significantly increased in the control group and the group intubated 0.5 mg levamisole/kg body weight. However, the fish in another groups, which were administered higher levels of levamisole, showed no significant difference in glucose level after marking and blood sampling. The result of the present study suggests that levamisole can be used as a potent immunostimulator in rockfish by oral administration, and the immunomodulating activity of levamisole depends on the dosage used.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2003

Lucigenin (Lg)- and luminol (Lm)-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was used to compare the respiratory burst of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) phagocytes after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). To establish which reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the observed CL, the modulators of ROS metabolism, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and sodium azide $(NaN_3)$ were used. Although LgCL responses were inhibited significantly by the addition of either SOD or catalase, in comparison to the control, significantly lower LgCL responses were recorded by SOD than catalase. LmCL also showed significantly decreased responses by the addition of SOD and catalase. However, there were no statistical differences in CL responses between SOD and catalase additions. More profound and significant decrease of LmCL responses were recorded by simultaneous addition of SOD and catalase. Sodium azide markedly enhanced LgCL responses, while it significantly inhibited LmCL responses. These results indicate that LgCL and LmCL can be used to measure extracellular $O_2$ production and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated ROS production in fish phagocytes, respectively. Furthermore, LmCL can be used for analyzing intracellular ROS production by simultaneous addition of both SOD and catalase.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

케타민은 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 수용체의 비경쟁적인 길항제로 인의와 수의학에서 전신 마취제로 사용하는 약물이다. 본 연구진은 이전에 케타민이 개 말초혈액 백혈구의 순간산소과소비현상(oxidative burst activity)을 손상시킨다고 보고하였다. 현재 연구에서는 개 말초혈액 탐식세포의 탐식능(phagocytic capacity)에 대한 케타민의 효과를 검토하였다. 탐식능은 유세포 분석기로 분석하였다. 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구(peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells; PMN)와 단구(monocytes)의 탐식능은 케타민의 직접 처리에 의해 감소하였으나 단핵구세포(peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBMC) 분획에서의 탐식능은 케타민의 직접 처리에 의해 변화가 없었다. 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구와 단구의 탐식능은 케타민을 처리한 단핵구세포 배양상층액에 의해서도 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 케타민은 호중구와 단구와 같은 개 말초혈액 탐식세포의 탐식능에 있어 직접적인 억제효과를 나타내며, 또한 케타민 처리 단핵구세포로부터 생산되는 가용성인자에 의해서도 탐식세포의 탐식능이 억제되는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2007

수산 해적생물인 불가사리의 주정추출물을 농도별로 사료에 첨가하여 조피볼락의 성장, 혈액성상 및 식세포 활성산소 생산에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 불가사리추출물의 함량이 다른 사료를 급여한 조피볼락의 1일성장율(SGR), 사료계수(FCR), 비만도(CF), 생존율(SR)을 비교한 결과, 실험군별 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 불가사리추출물에 의한 먹이 기피현상을 방지하기 위해 사료를 코팅을 하였기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 불가사리추출물이 조피볼락의 체내 대사계에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 혈청 중의 glucose, total cholesterol의 함량과 GOT를 측정한 결과, glucose와 total cholesterol의 함량은 불가사리추출물의 함량이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 혈청 GOT는 실험군별로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 이는 불가사리추출물이 독성이 거의 없기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 불가사리추출물 첨가사료의 급이가 조피볼락의 면역계에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 식세포의 활성산소 생산량을 측정한 결과, 불가사리추출물의 첨가에 따라 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 실험결과에서 불가사리추출물은 면역증강 기능성 사료첨가제로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.