• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2003년도 The 4th Korea-Italy Workshop
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• pp.77-80
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• 2003

Hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon separations are one of the most important processes in petroleum refining. Distillation process has been used for separating hydrocarbons, but this conventional process is very energy consuming. Pervaporation separation through polymeric membranes is an emerging process alternative to distillation because of energy savings, compact system installation, reduced capital investment, and other performance attributes. In hydrocarbon separations, polymeric membranes are easily swollen by hydrocarbons and can lose mechanical strength. Chemically robust membranes are needed for the separation of hydrocarbons. In this study, the blend membrane was applied to separate benzene and cyclohexane. This is a model system for aliphatic and aromatic separation. Cyclohexane is also physically very similar to benzene and as a result of the very closing boiling points (0.6$^{\circ}C$), benzene and cyclohexane form an azetrope. Thus the system provides a good model for azeotrope breaking by pervaporation. The semi-quantitative thermodynamic model predicts that the calculated selectivity increases with increasing Hydrin contents in the blend membranes. Pervaporation experiments utilizing various operating temperatures and feed concentrations with different blend membranes are compared with the result from semi-quantitative thermodynamic calculations.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

Batch experiments were performed to determine optimum conditions for biopile. The batch experiments results showed that 12.5 to 17.9% of moisture content was effective to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon regardless of soil texture. Total heterotrophic bacteria populations in the inoculum-treated soil were greater than of the control and nutrient-amended soil in the early stage, but the populations in the inoculum and nutrient-amended soil were not different significantly from those in the latter stage regardless of soil texture. The same trend was observed for petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria populations. The results of the biodegradation capacity experiments showed that there was a decline in the TPH concentrations during the experiments and no significant difference on the biodegradation was observed by treatment in silt soil. Changes of n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane ratios in all treated soil were significantly more than those of control. This is a strong indication of biodegradation. The TPH removal rate was calculated at 60% in all treated soil.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2003년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

As the fastest growing flowmeter technology, multi-path ultrasonic flow-meters are gaining wider range in petroleum industry for liquid hydrocarbon custody transfer measurement. This paper describes the mult-path ultrasonic flowmeter, URO-Ex1000 the requirements necessary to prove and test in Korea & China. URO-Ex1000 haver a good results with accuracy range, but a little exceed with repeatability.

• 기술사
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

The most common soil contaminants are petroleum-based. Hydrocarbons from diesel fuel and gasoline are widespread problems, as are total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH). There are two distinct classes of soil remediation: in-situ, or on-site, and ex-situ, or off- site. On-site cleanups are often preferred because they are cheaper. On the other hand, excavating a contaminated area and transporting it to a remote site before cleaning it can often be more complete. Ex-situ remediation also has the added bonus of taking the bulk of contaminants off-site before they can spread further. In addition, in-situ situations are limited because only the topside of the soil is accessible.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.199-202
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• 2002

Many methods have been developed for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Among those technologies, in-situ bioremediation is most likely to be cost-effective method for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. But the in-situ bioremediation can require more time to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and groundwater than other methods. Therefore we intended to save time of in-situ bioremediation using a biological additive to activate indigenous microbes in soil. The additive, 'Inipol EAP 22' stimulates the growth of specific flora, significantly accelerating the speed at which hydrocarbons are biodegraded. And it hans been tested in accordance with protocol approved by the USEPA and is registered on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule List. In the experiment, three soil samples contaminated with fuel oil were prepared in the same concentration. Inipol EAP 22 was not added to one sample and was added to the other two samples with 5% and 10% of hydrocarbon by weight respectively. And $CO_2$gas derived from bacterial respiration was analyzed in each samples for 15 days. As a result, 145% and 153% of $CO_2$ evolution (microbial respiration) against the sample without 'Inipol EAP 22' occurred in samples with 'Inipol EAP 22' addition of 5% and 10%, respectively

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1992

남해안에 위치한 원유저장기지내의 각 정점으로 부터 원유분해세균을 분리하여 동정한 결과 Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas maltophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 등으로 동정되었다. 원유를 탄소원으로 첨가한 최소배지상에서 원유분해능을 나타내었으며, 0.5%에서 6%까지의 NaCl 농도변화에 대한 원유분해능을 비교한 결과 5종의 원유분해균이 NaCl의 농도가 증가하였을 경우에는 원유분해능이 상실됨을 확인하였다. 또한 원유는 복잡한 유기화합물로 구성이 되어 있어 분리된 원유분해균이 n-decane, n-hexane, n-octane, n-dodecane 등의 간단한 탄화수소를 자화하는지를 확인하였다. 분리된 원유분해균이 plasmid를 가지는 지를 확인한 결과 Pseudomonas fluorescens 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 등에서 분자량이 매우 큰 plasmid가 존재함을 확인하고 ampicillin, tetracycline 및 chloramphenicol등의 항생제에 대한 내성을 조사한 결과 내성을 나타내어 원유분해에 관련된 유전자와 항생제내성을 나타내는 유전자가 plasmid상에 존재할 가능성이 높음을 알수 있다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 2007

A physical model experiment with GPR and 3-D resisitivity survey were conducted to investigate the geoelectrical response of hydrocarbon-impacted zone, so called smeared zone, on the geophysical data. The results from the experiment show that GPR signals were enhanced when LNAPL was present as a residual saturation in the water saturated system (${\varepsilon}_r$ = 21) due to less attenuation of the electromagnetic energy through the medium, compared to when the medium was saturated with only water (${\varepsilon}_r$ = 21). 3-D resistivity data obtained from the former gas station site demonstrate that the highly contaminated zones could be imaged with low resistivities attributed to the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at the aged, hydrocarbon-impacted sites. The study results also show that the geophysical methods, as a non-invasive sounding technique, can be a very useful tool for mapping hydrocarbon-contaminated zones.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2009

근원암으로부터 탄화수소가 생성되고 배출되는 시기는 석유시스템 모델링을 이용하여 분지의 지사를 복원함으로써 평가할 수 있다. 미국 북서부 오레곤주에 위치한 타이분지는 탄화수소 생성 가능성이 높은 지역이다. 본 연구에서는 남부타이분지에 대한 구조 층서적 관점에서의 분지 진화와 열역사 및 매몰사를 석유시스템 모델링의 수치모델을 사용하여 복원, 시뮬레이션 하였다. 분지 내 탄화수소 생성과 배출을 이해하기 위해 잠재 근원암에 대한 유기 지화학적 평가와 가능한 석유시스템을 분석하였다. 유기 지화학 자료를 통해 미분화된 움콰 그룹, 클라마스산의 이암층, Remote Member와 Coquille River Member에 협재된 탄층과 탄질 이암이 분지 내 가스를 생성시킬 수 있는 잠재력이 큰 근원암임을 알 수 있다. 남부 타이분지의 상대적으로 높은 열적 성숙도가 쿠스베이 퇴적층의 하중 압력에 의한 매몰과 연관됨을 지시하여 준다. 서부 캐스케이드흐로부터 관입에 의한 열 유입 또한 분지의 높은 열적 성숙도에 영향을 미친다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 근원암의 성숙과 탄화수소 생성, 및 배출이 석유시스템 모델을 통해 평가되어졌다. 모델링 결과는 모든 잠재 근원암으로부터 탄화수소가 생성은 되었으나 오직 Remote Member에서만 배출이 일어났음을 알려준다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.409-412
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• 2002

In this presentation, the methods that is appropriate to remediate the farmland contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon was considered using the case histories of the abroad. As a result of a consideration, most remediation procedures were based risk assessment and management, risk-based procedure. It is also useful to use natural attenuation mechanism to remediate petroleum-contaminated sites. However, more research efforts are demanded for developing a cost-effective and efficient technologies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August, 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAH. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species, and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.