• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

전자레인지 가열용 제품에서 마이크로파에 의한 불균일한 가열이 일어남에 따라 포장재의 특정 부위에 열 변형이 발생하여 전자레인지 포장 소재에 따른 가열조리 패턴을 조사하였다. 전자레인지 가열용 포장재의 내면으로 이용되는 CPP의 grade에 따른 인장강도, 내열성 및 신장률을 비교하였다. High retortable CPP는 일반 CPP 재질과 비교하여 강한 열 접착강도 및 내열 저항성을 가지고 있었다. 국외 및 국내 CPP 제품의 인장강도 및 신장율은 차이가 있지만 대부분 $160^{\circ}C$ 정도 수준의 내열성을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 소스의 높은 점도와 염분을 함유하는 hot spicy 제품에서는 전자파의 침투가 원활하지 못하여 전자레인지 조리 시 내용물의 균일한 가열이 어려워 국지적 또는 액위선 부위에 포장재의 열 변형이 관찰되었다. G-PET/PET/PET/CPP와 G-PET/PET/NY/CPP로 구성된 포장재를 레토르트 처리했을 때와 레토르트 후 전자레인지 가열 처리하였을 때 상태변화 및 합지강도에 대한 분석결과 합지강도의 차이는 없었으나 레토르트 처리 후 CPP 층의 변형이 관찰되었다. $TiO_2$가 포함된 유백 파우치와 투명 파우치의 열 변형 정도를 비교하였을 때는 $TiO_2$가 포함된 포장재의 열 변형이 더 심하였고, 알루미늄 호일을 부착한 후 전자레인지 가열하였을 때에는 액위선에서 열 변형이 발생되지 않았지만 바닥면에서 열 변형이 관찰되었다. 제품의 내면인 CPP 층의 개질/개선을 통한 내열안정성 확보 및 포장재의 전자파 투과-반사능을 조절하여 포장 내 전자파의 집중을 방지하는 등의 기술 도입 가능성의 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2023

Background: New alternative types of pet foods such as raw and cooked homemadestyle diets containing human food ingredients have been introduced due to a trend of pet humanization and diversification of consumer needs. Objectives: To evaluate nutritional adequacy of new alternative types of dog foods containing human food ingredients as maintenance diets for dogs. Methods: Eleven homemade-style foods for adult dogs were purchased from online channel in Korea and analyzed to evaluate nutritional adequacy for adult dogs. Nutrients analyzed included crude protein, amino acids, crude fat, fatty acids, and minerals. Results: Crude protein and amino acids in all products satisfied Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) requirements. Crude fat in one of 11 products did not meet AAFCO requirements. The most deficient minerals were selenium (10 of 11, 90.9%), copper (five of 11, 45.5%), zinc (five of 11, 45.5%), potassium (three of 11, 27.3%), calcium (three of 11, 27.3%), iron (two of 11, 18.2%), and magnesium (one of 11, 9.1%). Six products were not in the range of the recommended Ca:P ratio in AAFCO dog food maintenance nutrient profiles. Conclusions: This study performed nutritional evaluation of raw and cooked homemadestyle foods as maintenance diets for adult dogs. Some nutritional inadequacies were observed including some minerals, Ca:P ratio, and omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio, although three products (26.2%) satisfied the AAFCO standard except selenium. Overall, the data suggest a need for accurate nutritional adequacy statement for consumers based on proper methods to validate the formula.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2022

This study was conducted for safety evaluation on 130 pet food products, which are distributed in Gwangju, South Korea. The microbial contamination part and the usage of food additives part were mainly investigated. The five microorganisms that we tested were total viable cell counts (TVC), Coliforms, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli and there were 15 products that exceed the microbial criteria or detected food poisoning bacteria. Specifically, Coliforms (13 products, 10%), TVC (9 products, 6.9%), Salmonella spp. (2 products, 1.5%), and E. coli (2 products, 1.5%) were followed. On the other hand, food additives such as preservatives, antioxidants and sodium nitrite were detected in 61 products. Among the preservatives, sorbic acid and benzoic acid were detected in 58 (44.6%) products. In antioxidants, Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was detected in 3 (2.3%) products. In addition, preservatives and antioxidants were detected in 8 of 20 products labeled as 'additive-free'. Microbial contamination tended to occur mainly in small-scale individual homemade feed stores, while food additives were all detected in pet shops and supermarkets. Currently, the criteria for microorganisms and food additives for pet foods are insufficient in Korea. So, it is necessary to establish detailed feed standards and specifications for companion animals.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2006

Most of the recently developed robots are human friendly robots which imitate an animal or human such as entertainment robot, biomimetic robot and humanoid robot. Interest in these robots is increased because the social trend is focused on health, welfare, and graying. By these social backgrounds, robots become more human friendly and suitable or home or personal environment. The more biomimetic robots resemble living creature, the more human feels familiarity. Human feels close friendship not only when feeding a pet, but also when watching a pet having the food. Most of entertainment robots and pet robots use internal-type batteries and have a self-recharging function. Entertainment robots and pet robots with internal-type batteries are not able to operate during charging the battery. So far there have been a few robots that do not depend on an internal battery. However, they need a bulky energy conversion unit and a slug or foods as an energy source, which is not suitable for home or personal application. In this paper, we introduce a new biomimetic entertainment robot with autonomous eating functionality, called EPRO-1(Eating Pet RObot version 1). The EPRO-1 is able to eat a food (a small battery), by itself and evacuate. We describe the design concept of the autonomous eating mechanism of the EPRO-1, characteristics of sub-parts of the manufactured mechanism and its control system.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2016

Objectives: Materials coming into contact with food may result in the migration of chemical substances into the food. To protect consumers from exposure, Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 specifies the use of standard migration tests. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), widely used for food packaging materials, has drawn the attention of researchers because unwanted migration of PET into food might occur when consumers reuse packaging material. The aim of this study was to predict and develop a migration model for two components, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde in PET, into food simulants under conditions of changing pH and solvents, such as those observed in fermented foods like kimchi or sauerkraut. Methods: Using a migration model based on Fick's second law of diffusion in one dimension, the migration of acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde from PET into a simulant of fermented food at $20^{\circ}C$ over 10 days was evaluated. The simulant for fermented food was modelled as 10% ethanol for three days, followed by 3% acetic acid for seven days. Results: The migration of acetaldehyde into the 10% ethanol was 0.36 times that of a simulated fermented food system, while that of butyraldehyde was 1.34 times greater. These results may have been influenced by the chemical interactions among the migrants, polymers and simulants, as well as by the solubilities of the migrants in polymers and simulants. Conclusion: Because food simulants have a limited capacity to mimic real food systems under the current migration model, an appropriate simulant and migration test should be considered in the case of increasing acidity. Furthermore, since the accuracy of the worst-case estimation of migration predicted by the current model is severely limited under changing food conditions, food simulants and their interactions should be further investigated with respect to conservative migration modelling.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

The safety and storage periods of various foods, including dairy products, can be affected by a variety of internal and external factors. Therefore, all foods have a risk of deterioration after storage for a certain period of time for many different reasons. Among dairy products, cheese is enriched in necessary nutrients; however, it can also easily undergo physical, chemical, and biochemical changes under various conditions. Therefore, the storage period of cheese is an important issue. If various factors that can affect the safety and storage period of cheese can be controlled, the safety of cheese can be preserved and its storage period extended. This review of the literature published on the issue summarizes various state-of-the-art technologies currently used to extend the storage period of cheese without affecting its quality. This basic data will inform future research concerning the storage period of various cheeses.

• 분석과학
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

Among the nutrients in feed, amino acids and minerals are important for the growth and development of pets. In particular, interest in nutritional components related to the health of pets is increasing as pet-raising households and pet food markets have recently grown. Therefore, in this study, 55 pet food products distributed in South Korea were purchased, and the content of 3 essential and conditionally essential amino acids (taurine, lysine, arginine) and 4 minerals (Ca, P, Na, K) was investigated. Among the three amino acids, arginine was found to have the highest content, and the average content was 1.79 and 1.37 % in cat and dog foods, respectively. On the other hand, the taurine content was the lowest, but it was found to be higher than the minimum requirement of 0.10 % for cats set by the American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) and the European Federation of Pet Food Industries (FEDIAF). As a result of the four-component analysis of minerals, the content of Ca was found to be the highest, and the average content was confirmed to be 1.64 and 1.25 % in cat and dog food, respectively. On the other hand, Na was the lowest, but it was higher than the AAFCO minimum requirement and FEDIAF minimum requirement for young cat and dog food. Among all 55 samples examined, the content of the three amino acids and the four inorganic components was confirmed to be suitable for the recommended minimum intake and maximum allowable intake presented by AAFCO and FEDIAF.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.439-443
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• 1997

동경에서 시판되고 있는 애완견 및 고양이의 식품을 시료로 하여 그 영양성분을 분석한 바, 애완견의 건조식품의 경우 단백질 22.0%, 지방 7.8%, 섬유질 5.4%, 염분 0.36%, 비타민 A 2035 IU/100g 그리고 비타민 D가 201 IU/100g 함유되고 있었고, 고양이용 식품중에는 단백질 29.8%, 지방 6.5%, 섬유질 4.5%, 염분 0.38%, 비타민 A 1543 IU/100g 그리고 비타민 D가 163 IU/100g 함유되고 있었다. 불포화지방산의 경우 애완견의 건조식품에선 59.2% 함유되어 있었고, 고양이용 건조식품에선 55.9%로서 애완견용 식품이 약간 높았으나 양측간에는 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 한편 애완견의 건조식품을 대상으로 30일간 저장시험을 통하여 지질과산화물의 농도변화를 관찰한 바 냉장($4^{\circ}C$)과 암실내 저장($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$)에서는 별로 변화가 없었으나, 태양광선($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$)에 노출시 5일후에는 실험개시에 비하여 4.9배(p<0.01) 그리고 30일에는 10.2배가 증가된(p<0.01) 73.6nmol/g에 달하였다. 이와같은 결과를 미루어 보아 애완동물용 식품의 안전성을 위한 저장은 반듯이 냉장이나 암실보관할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 반려견의 건강증진을 위해 보라지유를 사료에 혼합하여 급여하였을 경우 사료로써의 안전성을 평가하고 염증완화 효능이 있는지 알아보았다. 총 12마리의 공시견을 대상으로 보라지유 1% 또는 2% 함유된 사료를 12주간 급여 실시한 후 혈액 생화학, 혈액 세포, 사이토카인 등의 안전성 평가 실험을 실시하였다. 또한 경피 수분 손실도를 측정하여 피부 건강에 미치는 보라지유의 효능을 평가하였다. 본 급여 시험의 결과, 보라지유는 반려견의 체중, 혈액세포, 면역관련 사이토카인에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 경피 수분 손실도 측정 결과 역시 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만, 혈액 내 젖산탈수소효소의 농도는 보라지유 함유 사료를 먹기 전과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 본 실험을 통해, 보라지유를 섭취하였을 경우 반려견에서 체중감소 및 혈액 지표 이상 등의 문제점을 야기하지 않고, 오히려 체내 세포 손상 정도를 감소시키는 효과의 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 보라지유가 반려견 사료원료로써 안전하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1525-1529
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• 2004

Most of the recently developed robots are human friendly robots which imitate an animal or human such as entertainment robot, bio-mimetic robot and humanoid robot. Interest in these robots are increasing since the social trend is focused on health, welfare, and graying. By these social backgrounds, robots become more human friendly and suitable for home or personal environment. The more bio-mimetic robots resemble living creature, the more human feels familiarity. People feel close friendship not only when they feed a pet, but also when they watch a pet having the food. Most of entertainment robots and pet robots use internal-type batteries and have a self-recharging function. Entertainment robots and pet robots with internal-type batteries are not able to operate during charging the battery. So far there have been a few robots that do not depend on a battery. However, they need a bulky energy conversion unit and a slug or foods as an energy source, which is not suitable for home or personal application. In this paper, we introduce a new bio-mimetic entertainment robot with autonomous feeding functionality, called ELIRO-1(Eating LIzard RObot version 1). The ELIRO-1 is able to find a food (a small battery), feed by itself and evacuate. We describe the design concept of the autonomous feeding mechanism of the ELIRO-1, characteristics of sub-parts of the manufactured mechanism and the control system.