Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2022.45.3.155

Investigation of microbial contamination and use of food additives for pet foods in Gwangju, Korea  

Lim, Daewoong (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Kim, Ji Yeon (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
An, Ahjin (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Park, Jiyeong (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Jeong, Hajin (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Gwak, Jinju (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Seo, Doori (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Lee, Jae Gi (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Jang, Miseon (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Ji, Taekyeong (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Kim, Yonghwan (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Veterinary Service / v.45, no.3, 2022 , pp. 155-164 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted for safety evaluation on 130 pet food products, which are distributed in Gwangju, South Korea. The microbial contamination part and the usage of food additives part were mainly investigated. The five microorganisms that we tested were total viable cell counts (TVC), Coliforms, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli and there were 15 products that exceed the microbial criteria or detected food poisoning bacteria. Specifically, Coliforms (13 products, 10%), TVC (9 products, 6.9%), Salmonella spp. (2 products, 1.5%), and E. coli (2 products, 1.5%) were followed. On the other hand, food additives such as preservatives, antioxidants and sodium nitrite were detected in 61 products. Among the preservatives, sorbic acid and benzoic acid were detected in 58 (44.6%) products. In antioxidants, Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was detected in 3 (2.3%) products. In addition, preservatives and antioxidants were detected in 8 of 20 products labeled as 'additive-free'. Microbial contamination tended to occur mainly in small-scale individual homemade feed stores, while food additives were all detected in pet shops and supermarkets. Currently, the criteria for microorganisms and food additives for pet foods are insufficient in Korea. So, it is necessary to establish detailed feed standards and specifications for companion animals.
Keywords
Companion animals; Pet foods; Microbial contamination; Food additives;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Behravesh CB, Ferraro A, Deasy M, Dato V, Moll M, Sandt C, Rea NK, Rickert R, Marriott C, Warren K, Urdaneta V, Salehi E, Elizabeth V, Ayers T, Hoeks- tra RM, Austin JL, Ostroff S, Williams IT. 2010. Hu- man Salmonella infection linked to contaminated dry dog and cat food, 2006-2008. J Americ Acad of Pedia 126(3): 477-483.
2 EFSA. 2012. Scientific opinion on the safety and effi- cacy of potassium sorbate for dogs and cats. J EFSA 10(6): 2735.
3 FDA. 2021. Midwestern pet foods voluntaril recall due to possible Salmonella health risk, certain lots of sportmix pet food recalled for potentially fatal levels of Aflatoxin. Available from: http://www.fda.gov. Food and Drug Administration, USA.
4 Imanishi M, Rotstein DS, Reimschuessel R, Schwensohn CA, Woody DH, Davis SW, Hunt AD, Arends KD, Achen M, Cui J, Zhang Y, Denny LF, Phan QN, Jo- seph LA, Tuite CC, Tataryn JR, Behravesh CB. 2014. Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis infection in humans linked to dry dog food in the United States and Canada, 2012. J Ameri Vet Med Assoc 244(5): 545-553.   DOI
5 MFDS. 2021. Food posioning cause investigation test method guideline. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. pp. 49-57.
6 Shin HB, Jeong SH, Kim M, Kim WH, Lee K, Chong Y. 2001. Isolation trend of enteropathogenic bacteria in 1969-1998. Korean J Clin Microbiol 4: 87-95.
7 Sieber R, Butikofer U, Bosset JO. 1995. Benzoic acid as a natural compound in cultured dairy products and cheese. J Int Dairy 5: 227-246.   DOI
8 Silva MM, Lidon F. 2016. Food preservatives-An over-view on applications and side effects. Emirate J Food and Agri 28(6): 366-373.   DOI
9 Walker R. 1990. Toxicology of sorbic acid and sorbates. J food add & cont 7: 671-676.   DOI
10 Weese JS, Rousseau J, Arroyo L. 2005. Bacteriological evaluation of commercial canine and feline raw di- ets. J Canadian Vet 46(6): 513-516.
11 WHO. 2000. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Con- cise international chemical assessment document 26: 8-10. World Health Organization.
12 Worth AJ, Ainsworth SJ, Brocklehurst PJ, Collet MG. 1997. Nitrite poisoning in cats and dogs fed a com- mercial pet food. J NewZeal Vet 45: 193-195.
13 Craig JM. 2021. Additives in pet food: are they safe?. J Small Animal Practice 62: 624-635.   DOI
14 Sharma S. 2015. Food preservatives and their harmful effects. J Sci and Res Pub 5: 2250.
15 한국소비자원. 2019. 반려동물용 수제 사료 및 간식 안전실태조사. pp. 1-22.
16 Choi JH, Park EJ, Lee HJ. 2019. A study on the market trends analysis of companion animal food and products in korea. J Kor Cont Assoc 19(8): 115-122.   DOI
17 Elisabetta L, Robert LB, Clare N, Abani KP. 2016. Transmission of bacterial zoonotic pathogens be- tween pets and human: the role of pet food. J Food sci and Nutri 56: 364-418.
18 IARC. 2022. Agents classified by the IARC monographs. International agency for research on cancer, WHO.
19 Eun YD, Jeong HS, Kim SJ, Park WS, Ahn BS, Kim DK, Kim EH, Park EH, Park SH, Hwang IY, Son HJ. 2019. A large outbreak of Salmonella enterica se- rovar Thompson infection associated with choco- late cake in Busan, Korea. J Epidemiol Health 41: e2019002.   DOI
20 FFDCA. 2022. Regulation of pet food in the USA. Available from: http://www.fda.gov. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, USA.
21 MAFRA. 2020. Control of livestock and fish feed act. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural affairs Act No. 17091
22 MAFRA. 2022. Standards and specifications for animal feed. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural affairs Notice No. 2022-28.
23 MFDS. 2022a. Standards and specifications for food. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice No. 2022-16.
24 MFDS. 2022b. Information on natural origin of food additives. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Available from: http://www.foodsafetykorea.kr.
25 Nakagawa Y, Tayama K, Nakao T, Hiraga K. 1984. On the mechanism of butylated hydroxytoluene-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. J Biochem Pharmacol 33: 2669-2674.   DOI
26 한국농촌경제연구원. 2017. 반려동물 연관산업 발전방안 연구. pp. 6-7.
27 Nemser SM, Doran T, Grabenstein M, McColnnell T, McGgrath T, Pamboukian R, Smith AC, Achen M, Danzeinsen G, Kim S, Liu Y, Robeson S, Rosario G, Wilson KM, Reimschuessel R. 2014. Investigation of Listeria, Salmonella, and toxigenic Escherichia coli in vaious pet foods. J Food Patho and Dis 11: 706-709.   DOI